ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Establishment of a Reference High-Energy Electron Beam
Dosimetry of ionizing radiations are based on standard methods issued by competent national and international organizations. Establishment of reference radiations at standard dosimetry laboratories are essential to transfer measurement standards to radiation users. This paper presents attempts made at Ionizing Radiation Division of PTB to produce a reference 20 MeV electron beam based on the German standard DIN 6800-2. The quality of the 20 MeV electron beam of a Philips SL75-20 linear accelerator (linac) is determined by a well designed plane-parallel ionization chamber, in terms of mean energy of the electron beam at the surface of a water phantom. Three types of cylindrical ionization chambers are calibrated against the primary standard of absorbed dose to water at PTB in Co-60 gamma radiation. Based on DIN 6800-2, independent measurements of absorbed dose to water are then carried out by these three calibrated chambers at a reference depth in water phantom and with reference to the dose monitoring system of the linac which consists of two other ionization chambers located in water phantom. The results are compared and a mean calibration factor for the monitor chambers with a combined standard uncertainty is determined.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_759_23a305d33412010d0664295ad0c048fd.pdf
2004-02-20
1
8
reference electron beam
beam quality
ionisation chamber
Calibration
Absorbed dose
A
Solimanian
1
بخش دُزیمتری استاندارد (SSDL)، مرکزتحقیقات کشاورزی و پزشکی هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498- 31485، کرج- ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
K
Derikum
2
بخش پرتوهای یونساز مؤسسه ملی اندازهگیری، برانشوایگ- آلمان
AUTHOR
1. Irternational Atomic Energy Agency, “Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy: An International Code of Practice for Dosimetry based on Standards of Absorbed Dose to Water,” Technical Report Series no. 398, IAEA,Vienna (2000).
1
2. DEUTSCHES INSTITUT FUR NORMUNG, “Dosismeβverfahren nach der Sondenmethode für Photonen- und Elektronenstrahlung, Teil 2: Ionisationsdosimetrie,” Deutsche Norm DIN 6800-2, DIN, Berlin (1997).
2
3. American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), Task Group 51: Protocol for Clinical Reference Dosimetry of High-Energy Photon and Electron Beams, Med. Phys. 26, 1847-1870 (1999).
3
4. H. Feist, “Determination of absorbed dose to water for high energy photons and electrons by total absoption of electrons in ferrous sulphate solution,” Phys. Med. Biol. 27, 1435-1447 (1982).
4
5. ع. سلیمانیان و همکاران، ”دزیمتری باریکههای فوتون و الکترون در پرتودرمانی براساس استانداردهای دُز جذبی آب،“ نشریة علمی سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، شمارة 23، 16-1، (1380).
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Production of Se-75 Radioisotopes for Nuclear Medicine and Labeling of Odd Cycle of [75Se] 1, 2, 3- Selenadiazole Atom
Selenium-75 was prepared in no-carrier-added elemental form by proton bombardment of a compressed natural arsenous trioxide disc. The chemical separation process was performed using solvent-solvent extraction method, which resulted in the extraction of selenium in organic phase. After the initial spectroscopic analysis, elemental selenium was oxidized to [75Se] selenium dioxide and reacted with ethyl acetoacetate semicarbazone in acetic acid as the solvent to produce [75Se]- 5- ethoxycarbonyl - 4- methyl-1, 2, 3- selenadiazole as a prototype. The labeled compound was purified by chemical methods and quality control tests (radionuclidic, radiochemical, chemical purity and apyrogenicity-sterility tests) were performed, which confirmed the optimum purity of the final product.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_760_5271d271bcfdbf77ef70b31f8f464e5d.pdf
2004-02-20
9
16
Selenium-75
Arsenic-75
Labeling
1
2
3-selenadiazoles
chemical extraction
quality control
A.R
Jalilian
1
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و پزشکی هستهای کرج، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498 - 31485، کرج - ایران
AUTHOR
P
Rowshanfarzad
2
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و پزشکی هستهای کرج، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498 - 31485، کرج - ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
H
Afarideh
hafarideh@aut.ac.ir
3
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و پزشکی هستهای کرج، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498 - 31485، کرج - ایران
AUTHOR
M
Sabet
4
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و پزشکی هستهای کرج، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498 - 31485، کرج - ایران
AUTHOR
Gh.R
Aslani
5
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و پزشکی هستهای کرج، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498 - 31485، کرج - ایران
AUTHOR
1. K. J. Weeks and R. J. Schulz, “Selenium - 75: A potential source for use in high activity brachytherapy irrdiators,” Med. Phys. 13(5), (1986).
1
2. J. E. Agnew, M. Maze, C. J. Mitchell, “Pancratic scanning,” Brit. J. Radiol., No. 49, 979-995 (1976).
2
3. Y. Goriya, M. Hoshi, N. Etani, K. Kimura, M. Shichiri, Y. Shigeta, “Dynamic study of exocrine function of the pancreas in diabetes mellitus with scintigraphy using 75Se-selenomethionine,” J. Nucl. Med., 16(4), 270-274 (1974).
3
4. E. N. Denisov, “Results of the clinical use of 75Se-selenomethionine,” J. Med. Radiol., 31(4), 5-9 (1986).
4
5. Amersham International PLC, Bucks, England, 4.55 - 4.59 (1990).
5
6. L. A. Hawkins, K. E. Britton, B. Shapiro, “Selenium-75 selenomethyl cholesterol: A new agent for quantitative functional scintigraphy of the adrenals: Physical aspects,” Brit. J. Radiol., 53, 883-889 (1980).
6
7. T. Hara, “Production of 73Se in cyclotron and its uptake in tumors of mice,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 24, 377-384 (1973).
7
8
15
9
8. M. Jereb, “Radiation dose to the human body from intravenuously administered 75Se-sodium selenite,” J. Nucl. Med., 16(9), 846-850 (1975).
10
9. A. H. G. Paterson, “Clinical and experimental studies of selenium-75-labeled compounds,” Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vinna, 63-67 (1976).
11
10. R. Ferraris, R. Jazrawi, C. Bridges, T. C. Northfield, “Use of a gamma-labeled bile acid (75Se-HCAT)as a test of ileal function, Methods of improving accuracy,” Gastrointerology, GAST-A,VP. (1986).
12
11.R. G. Soundy, “Absorbed dose to man from the Se-75 labeled conjugated bile salt Se-HCAT:concise communication,” J. Nucl. Med., 23(2), 157-161 (1982).
13
12. H. Amaral, “Whole body retention of 75Se-homotaurocholic acid (SeBCAT) using a gamma camera: A new test in chronic diarrhea,” J. Nucl. Med., 26(5), 92 (1985).
14
13. S. Sadek, G. Basmadjian, A. Patel, “Synthesis and biodistribution of [125I] iodo- and [75Se] seleno - ergoline derivatives,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 38(5), 391-397 (1988).
15
14. P. Basmadjian, “A new selenium-75 labeled radiopharmaceutical: Selenonium analogues of dopamine,” J. Med. Chem. 26(7), 947-950 (1983).
16
15. H. Kung and M. Blau, “Synthesis of selenium-75 labeled tertiary diamines: New brain imaging agents,” J. Med. Chem., 23(10), 1127-1130 (1980).
17
16. A. R. Jalilian and A. Shafiee, “Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,5-Dihydronaphtho [1,2-d]1,2,3-thia- or selenadiazole derivatives,” 18th International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry- Pacifico-Yokohama, Japan, July 29th to Aug 3rd (2001).
18
17. A. Shafiee, A. R. Jalilian, B. Rezaei, “Selenium heterocycles XLIV. Synthesis of 8, 9-dihydro-1, 2, 3 – thiadiazolo [4, 5 - a] 4, 7 -dihydroxynaphthalenes and 1, 2, 3 –selenadiazolo [4, 5 - a] 4, 7 –dimethoxynaphthalene,” J. Heterocyclic Chem., 37, 1325 (2000).
19
18. A. Plenevaux and M. Guillaume, “Chemical processing for production of no carrier added selenium,” Appl. Radiat. Isot, 41(9), 829-838 (1990).
20
19. A. D. Nunn and S. L. Waters, “Target materials for the cyclotron production of carrier-free 77Br,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 26, 731-735.
21
20. K. W. Bagnall, “Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium,” Oxford, Pergamon Press, 938-945 (1973).
22
21. J. Clavilier, “Electrochemical behaviour of the Pt(111)-As system in acidic medium: Adsorbed hydrogen and hydrogen reaction,” J. Electroanal. Chem, 294, 123-135 (1990).
23
22. A. Mushtaq and G. Blessing, “Production of 73Se via (p,3n) and (d,4n) reactions on Arsenic,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 39(10), 1085-1091 (1988).
24
23. G. Blessing and S. M. Qaim, “An improved internal Cu3As-alloy cyclotron target for the production of 75Br and 77Br and separation of by-product 67Ga from the matrix activity,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 35(10), 927-931 (1984).
25
24. S. M. Qaim and G. Blessing, “Production of longer-lived positron emitters 73Se, 82Rbm and 124I” In: J. C. Cornell.,” Cyclotrons and their applications,” New Jersey, World Scintific, 541-544 (1995).
26
25. J. J. Labrecque, “Nondispersive X-ray fluoresence in the study of rapid radiochemical separation of selenium from arsenic, germanium and zinc,” J. Radioanal. Chem., 14, 455-460 (1973).
27
26. B. Modrova, “The separation of carrier-free 72Se from a germanium oxide target,” J. Radioanal.Chem., 53(1-2), 299-305 (1979).
28
27. T. Nozaki, Y. Itoh, K. Ogawa, “Yeild of 73Se for various reactions and its chemical processing,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 30, 595-599.
29
28. A. Townsend, Encyclopedia of analytical scince, NewYork, Academic Press, 8, 4572 (1995).
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation of Polystyrene and Polypropylene Tubes Coated with T3 Antibody for Using in T3-RIA Kits
For performing rapid Thyroid test, the best approach is to reduce the steps of the experiments which is usually made by the manufacturers. The sequential steps in a typical Radioimunoassay (RIA) are: Adding Standards, Adding Tracer, and Adding Ab. So, if we can eliminete one of these steps, the test rapidity will be increased. During the past few years many research studies have been carried out in the Deptment of Radioisotopes at the NRC (NRC, R. D.) of the AEOI in order to eliminete the Adding Ab step in the RIA by coating the Ab on the inner surface of the local tubes. During these studies all physical and chemical conditions experimented for polypropylene and polystyrene tubes (both local and imported) were used and for each condition, QC tests were performed. Finally, the ready for use kits were tested by some creditable Medical Laboratories and the accuracy and precision of kits were confirmed. The final results of these studies were shown the ability of NRC, R. D. for producing T3 and T4 Coated Tubes for RIA Kits by using modified local made tubes.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_761_e1e40dcaba9f27dfaa6b03888c54a467.pdf
2004-02-20
17
24
antigen
antibody
coating
thiriod kits
radioimunoassay (RIA)
B
Mahdiani
1
مرکز تحقیقات هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1339- 14155، تهران - ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
M
Moharamzadeh
2
مرکز تحقیقات هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1339- 14155، تهران - ایران
AUTHOR
M
Pourabdi
3
مرکز تحقیقات هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1339- 14155، تهران - ایران
AUTHOR
R
Najafi
4
مرکز تحقیقات هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1339- 14155، تهران - ایران
AUTHOR
1. I. Sarandi, “Coated Tube RIA-IRMA,” Institute of Isotopes, Budapest, Hungary (2001).
1
2. S.E.Rasmussen,“Complementary mmunoassays,” W. P. Collins (1988).
2
3. M. R. A. Pillai, “Radioimmunoassay,” Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Bombay (1994).
3
4. R. Edwards, “The essentials of radioimmunoassay and related techniqes,” England (1998).
4
5. Panagiota S. Petrou, “Antibody coating approach involving gamma globulins from non- immunized animal and second antibody antiserum,” Immunoassay QC Lab., Athene, Greece (1995).
5
6. P. Esser, “Adsorption Geometry In Nunc products for solid phase assays,” Athene, Greece (2001).
6
7. S. E. Rasmussen, “Stability of Nunc-Immuno MaxiSorp Surface,” Athene, Greece (1988).
7
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fast Preparation of 131I-MIBG
Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is used for the diagnostic scintigraphy and therapy of adneral tumors such as pheaeochromocytoma and neuroblastoma, as well as for the scintigrphic assessment of cardiac sympathetic neuronal integrity. This paper reviews the Cu+1 assisted nucleophilic exchange radioiodination of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). In this study a kit formulation of meta-iodobenzylguanidine ready to be labeled with 131I without purification step is presented. Radioiodination had involved a nucleophilic exchange assisted by Cu (I) generated 'in situ' and excess of reducing agents. An acceptable radiochemical yield ≥90% is obtained between 95-100oC within 30 min. The pH was adjusted by citrate buffer. Chemical and radiochemical purity of 131I -MIBG were determined by tin layer chromatography (TLC). The developed kit followed by a simple radiochemical manipulation allows preparing 131I-MIBG at medical centers.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_762_2d2aac4ab9e5bea9f2fa60356f8938f0.pdf
2004-02-20
25
30
guanidine
131I
iodination
nucleophilic exchange
A
Sattari
1
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و پزشکی هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498- 31485، کرج- ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. A. C. Guyton, Textbook of Medical Physiology, Seventh Edition, Volume III (1986).
1
2. D. M. Wieland and D. P. Swanson, “Imaging the adrenal medulla with an I-131-labeled antiadrenergic agent,” J. Nucl. Med. 20, 155 (1979).
2
3. J. H. Short and T. D. Darby, “Sympathetic nervous system blocking agents. III derivatives of benzylguanidine,” J. Nucl. Chem. 10, 833-840 (1967).
3
4. D. M. Wieland and J. Wu, “Radiolabeling adrenergic neuron blocking agents: adrenomedullary imaging with 131I-iodobenzylguanidine,” J. Nucl. Med. 21, 349-353 (1980).
4
5. T. J. Manger and D. M. Wieland, “Synthesis of 131I and 123I metaiodobenzoguantidine for diagnosis and treatment of pheochoromocytoma,” J. Nucl. Med. 24, 118 (1983).
5
6. R. C. Kline and D. M. Willantetal, “Myocardial imaging in man with I-123-metaiodobenzyl guanidine,” J. Nucl. Med. 22, 129-132 (1981).
6
7. J. P. Richard, “MIBG sintigraphic assessment of cardiac adrenergic activity in response to altitude hypoxia,” J. Nucl. Med. 31, 34-37 (1990).
7
8. P. Merlet and F. Pouillort, “Sympathetic nerve alterations assessed with 123I-MIBG in the failing human heart,” J. Nucl. Med. 40, 224-237 (1999).
8
9. A. Satoh and T. Serita, “Loss of 123I-MIBG uptake of heart in Parkinson's disease: assessment of cardiac sympathetic denervation and diagnostic value,” J. Nucl. Med. 40, 371-375 (1999).
9
10. T. J. Mangner, J. Wuo, D.m. Wiwland, “Solid --phase exchange radioiodination of aryl iodides. Facilitation by ammonium sulfate,” J. Org. Chem. 47, 1484-1488 (1992).
10
11. Lambrechet, “An efficient batch preparation of high specific activity of 123I and 124I-MIBG,” Appl. Radio. Iso. 54, 711-714 (2001).
11
12. R. F. Verbruggen, “Fast high-Yield labeling and quality control of 123I -and 131I-MIBG,” Appl. Radio. Iso. 44, 621-628 (1993).
12
13. J. Mertens and W. Vanryckeghen, “New fast preparation of 123I labeled radiopharmaceuticals,” Eu. J. Nucl. Med. 13, 380-381 (1987).
13
14. J. Mertens and W. Vanryckeghen, “Fast kit labeling: New future for pure123I labeled radiopharmaceuticals,” Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 11, A59 (1985).
14
15. J. Mertens and W. Vanryckeghen, “Cu(I) supported isotopic exchange of arylbound iodide,” New future for the Second European Symposium of Radiopharmaceuticals Cpomponds, Cambrige. (1985).
15
16. A. R. Wafelman, M. C. P. Konings, J. H. Beijnen, “Santesis radiolabeling and stability of radioiodinated m-iodobenzoguanidine,a rewie,” Appl. Radio. Iso. 45, No. 10, 997-1007 (1994).
16
30
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification of Irradiated Potatoes by Impedance Measurements
Identification of irradiated potatoes (Alpha variety) by the electrical impedance measurements has been carried out. Experiments were performed by passing ~3mA alternating current through the potato tubers that were punctured with the galvanized metallic electrodes. The parameters Z0/Z180 (impedance ratio at 50Hz, zero to 180 seconds post puncturing), Z50k/Z5k, Z50k/Z0.5k, Z50k/Z0.05k (impedance ratio at 50kHz to 5kHz, 0.5kHz and 0.05kHz, respectively) were determined at various temperatures and the best temperature for the measurement was obtained. The selection of the identification parameter was based on its constancy over the post irradiation storage time (six months), as well as, its dependency on the magnitude of the absorbed dose. Based on the above criteria, the impedance ratio of Z50k/Z5k was determinedto be the best identification parameter. The obtained empirical formulas allow to estimate the applied dose and also to differentiation between the irradiated and unirradiated potatoes at the temperature of the (20-35°C).
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_763_7a50634028648e45cdf5bd986bdeeb43.pdf
2004-02-20
31
36
frequency
impedance
identification parameter
irradiated potato
M
Sharifzadeh
1
مرکز تابش گاما، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486 - 11365، تهران- ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
M
Sohrabpour
2
مرکز تابش گاما، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486 - 11365، تهران- ایران
AUTHOR
1. T. Hayashi, “Identification of irradiated potatoes by impedemetric methods,” In: Health Impact Identification and Dosimetry of Irradiated Foods, Report of WHO Working Group, ericht des Institutes für Strahlenhygiene des Bundesgesundheitsamtes, ISH – 125, 432-452. Nneuherberg, FRG (1988).
1
2. T. Hayashi, M. Iwamoto, K. Kawashima, “Identification of irradiated potatoes by impedance measurements,” Agric. Biol. Chem, (Tokyo) 46, 905-912 (1982).
2
3. T. Hayashi, K. Kawashima, M. Iwamoto “Impedance measurement of irradiated potatoes,” Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkai-shi. Journal of Food Science and Technology, Japan 30, 1, 51-54 (1983).
3
4. IAEA-TECDOC-587, “Analytical Detection Methods for Irradiated Foods,” IAEA, Vienna 8 (1991).
4
5. T. Hayashi, S. Todoriki, K. Otobe, J. Sugiyama, “Impedance measuring technique for identifying irradiated potatoes,” Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 56, 1929 (1994).
5
6. T. Hayashi, S. Todoriki, K. Otobe, J. Sugiyama, “Applicability of impedance measuring method to the detection of irradiation treatment of potatoes,” J. Jpn. Soc. Food. Sci. Technol., 40, 378 (1994).
6
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Software Package Preparation Entitled: QuantInt, to be used for Quantitative Interpretation of Magnetic and Gravitational Data
and one Sample Interpretation in Exploration of Uranium
Underground exploration, in particular in places with no outcrops is a very important task. The only indirect way for defining shape, dimensions and depth of ore bodies which are buried underground is the quantitative interpretation of the geophysical data. Also finding a best point for drilling is defined mainly by quantitative interpretation of the relevant geophysical data. In this way, a software package entitled "QuantInt" including about 10,000 lines programming by Visual Basic language was prepared for quantitative interpretation of geomagnetic and gravity data. This package also has the abillity for calculation of terrain correction and average density of rocks. As an example for application of this package, exploration of uranium ore has been demonstrated.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_764_e7a9c92f4127aa3249e546cdc47d1001.pdf
2004-02-20
37
48
software QuantInt
geophysical quantitative interpretation
underground exploration
M.E
Hekmatian
1
امور اکتشاف و استخراج، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1339-14155، تهران- ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
مجموعه برنامههای رایانهای QuantInt،“ گزارشاکتشافی شمارة 547، دفتر اکتشاف و استخراج سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران (1381).
1
2. M. F. Kane, “Comprehensive System of Terrain Corrections Using a Digital Compure,” Geophysics, 27, 455-462 (1962).
2
3. D. S. Parasnis, "Principles of Applied Geophysics London,” Methuen (1986).
3
4. W. M. Telford, L. P. Geldart, R. F. Sheriff, D. A. Keys, “Applied Geophysics,” Cambridge University Press (1982).
4
5. L. P. Geldart, D. E. Gill, B. Shama, “Gravity Anomalies of Two Dimensional Faults,” Geophysics, 31, 372-97 (1966).
5
6. C. Huanmin, Y. Xianjin, W. Fei, “The Final Report on Deep Geophysical Survey in Anomaly one and Anomaly Two of Saghand Area,” report of Exploration Affairs of AEOI submitted by Chinese Experts (1991).
6
7
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimization Spacing between Explosion Holes in Advancing Shafts of Uranium Mine in Saghand
Uranium mine in Saghand area can be mined and exploited using different underground methods. In order to achieve this goal, two vertical shafts each 350m in length were sunk and equipped. In this article two methods which have been applied by Russian and china experts will be explained and then they will be compared with each other. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of the applied methods, a third method has been derived from their comparisons. This last method was found to have many advantages and was accepted as an selected method for the Saghand Uranium explotation.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_765_2aa1273cacf33bab09533026a0a6edde.pdf
2004-02-20
49
55
Uranium mine
vertical shafts
drilling and blasting
underground method
M.R
Nikgoftar
mnikgoftar@yahoo.com
1
طرح تجهیز ذخایر اورانیوم, سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران, صندوق پستی: 1339 – 14155, تهران - ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
A
Bahrami
2
گروه مهندسی معدن، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه ارومیه
AUTHOR
A
Shoja
3
طرح تجهیز ذخایر اورانیوم, سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران, صندوق پستی: 1339 – 14155, تهران - ایران
AUTHOR
1. ر. استوار، ”آتشکاری در معادن،“ انتشارت، (1373).
1
2. ا. افروز، ”آتشباری در معادن،“ انتشارات، (1369).
2
3
3. Atlas power company explosive and rock blasting, ABA Publishing Company (1987).
4
4. C. Jeimo Lopez, E. Jemeno Lopez, F. Javier Ayala Carcedo, "Drilling and blasting of rocks," Balkema (1994).
5
6
5. Product Catalogue, Parchin Chemical Factories (1998).
7
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Novel Method for Stripping of Molybdenum (VI) after its Extraction
with Cyanex 301
Hydrofluoric acid has been used as a novel stripping agent for molybdenum (VI) after its extraction with Cyanex 301. In the extraction steps effects of parameters such as type and initial concentration of acid, type of diluent, extractant concentration, metal concentration and temperature have been studied. In thestripping step, the effects of various stripping agents on stripping efficiency have been investigated. Also, the effects of concentration of hydrofluoric acid, stripping time, volume of hydrofluoric acid and numbers of stages of stripping have been studied. Molybdenum (VI) has been effectively separated from a large number of elements in binary mixtures with very high tolerance limits. Finally, the optimized method has been extended tothe analysis of Mo (VI) in spent molybdenum catalysts.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_766_3d3545fd17745ccbd596228c6f6b586c.pdf
2004-02-20
57
63
Stripping
molybdenum(VI)
Cyanex 301
K
Saberian
1
Jaber Ibn Hayan Research Laboratories, AEOI, Tehran -Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M
Ghannadi Maraghe
2
Jaber Ibn Hayan Research Laboratories, AEOI, Tehran -Iran
AUTHOR
1. G. F. Vandegrift, J. D. Kowk, S. L. Marshall, D. R. Vissers, J. C. Matos, “Continuing investigation for technology assessment of Mo-99 production from LEU targets,” IAEA-TECDOC, 515 (1989).
1
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