ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of effective parameters on thorium adsorption by nanohybrid adsorbent of polyvinyl alcohol/ titanium oxide functionalized with amine groups
In this study, an adsorbent material of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/ titanium oxide (TiO2)/ amino-propyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was synthesized by the casting method. The FTIR spectra indicated that PVA/TiO2/APTES nanohybrid adsorbent was functionalized by amine groups. The SEM analysis also showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed well on the adsorbent surface. Several influential variables such as TiO2 content, APTES content, pH, contact time, initial concentration and temperature were studied in a sorption batch mode. The optimum conditions for thorium were specified in 20%W of TiO2, 10%W of APTES, within the contact time of 5 hours, adsorbent dose of 1 g/L, temperature of 45°C and pH of 5. The kinetic data were fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and double-exponential models. Based on the results, the double-exponential model described the experimental data well. Three isotherm models, namely Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubbinin-Radushkevich were used for analysis of the equilibrium data. Based on the results, the Freundlich isotherm was better than other isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of the nanohybrid for thorium was 43.7 mg/g. Calculation of thermodynamic parameters showed that the nature of thorium sorption onto the nanohybrid was endothermic and spontaneous. The change of adsorption capacity after five sorption- desorption cycles was less than 20%.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_61_600f46860999e8e690745c3f0e522d3c.pdf
2015-05-22
1
14
Nanohybrid adsorbent
Titanium oxide
Poly vinyl alcohol
Amine groups
Thorium
Saeid
Abbasizadeh
1
دانشکده ی مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه تهران، صندوق پستی: 4563-11155، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Alireza
Keshtkar
2
پژوهشکده ی چرخه ی سوخت هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
seyedmohammadali
Mosavian
3
دانشکده ی مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه تهران، صندوق پستی: 4563-11155، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] P. Sharma, R. Tomar, Synthesis and application of an analogue of mesolite for the removal of uranium (VI), thorium(IV), and europium(III) from aqueous waste, Micropore. Mesopore. Mater. 116 (2008) 641-652.
1
[2] A. Borowiak-Resterna, R. Cierpiszewski, K. Prochaska, Kinetic and equilibrium studies of the removal of cadmium ions from acidic chloride solutions by hydrophobic pyridinecarboxamide extractants, J. Hazard. Mater. 179 (2010) 828-833.
2
[3] F.A. Aydin, M. Soylak, Solid phase extraction and preconcentration of uranium (VI) and thorium (IV) on duolite XAD761 prior to their inductively coupled plasma spectrometric determination, Talanta, 72 (2007) 187-192.
3
[4] M. Soylak, N.D. Erdogan, Copper(II)-rubeanic acid coprecipitation system for separation-preconcentration of trace metal ions in environmental samples for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations, J. Hazard. Mater. 137 (2006) 1035-1041.
4
[5] O.D. Uluozlu, M. Tuzen, D. Mendil, M. Soylak, Coprecipitation of trace elements with Ni2+/2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid and their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, J. Hazard. Mater. 176 (2010) 1032-1037.
5
[6] B.Yu. Kornilovich, I.A. Kovalchuk, G.N. Pshinko, E.A. Tsapyuk, A.P. Krivoruchko, Water purification of uranium by the method of ultrafiltration, J. Water Chem. Technol. 22 (2000) 43-47.
6
[7] A.M. Shoushtari, M. Zargaran, M. Abdouss, Preparation and characterization of high efficiency ion-exchange cross linked acrylic fibers, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 101 (2006) 2202-2209.
7
[8] S.D. Yusan, S. Akyil, Adsorption of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions by akaganeite, J. Hazard. Mater. 160 (2008) 388-395.
8
[9] S. Wu, F. Li, H. Wang, L. Fu, B. Zhang, G. Li, Effects of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) content on preparation of novel thiol-functionalized mesoporous PVA/SiO2 composite nanofiber membranes and their application for adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution, Polymer, 51 (2010) 6203-6211.
9
[10] M. Irani, A.R. Keshtkar, M.A. Mousavian, Removal of cadmium from aqueous solution using mesoporous PVA/TEOS/APTES composite nanofiber prepared by sol-gel/electrospinning, Chem. Eng. J. 200-202 (2012) 192-201.
10
[11] F. Rashidi, R.S. Sarabi, Z. Ghasemi, A. Seif, Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies for the removal of lead (II) and copper (II) ions from aqueous solutions by nanocrystalline TiO2, Superlattices and Microstructures, 48 (2010) 577-591.
11
[12] B. Bittmann, F. Haupert, A.K. Schlarb, Preparation of TiO2/epoxy nanocomposites by ultrasonic dispersion and their structure property relationship, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 18 (2011) 120-126.
12
[13] Sh. Mallakpoura, A. Baratia, Efficient preparation of hybrid nanocomposite coatings based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and silane coupling agent modified TiO2 nanoparticles, Progress in Organic Coatings, 71 (2011) 391-398.
13
[14] S.C. Tsai, K.W. Juang, Comparison of linear and non-linear forms of isotherm models for strontium sorption on a sodium bentonite, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 243 (2000) 741-746.
14
[15] T. Uragami, S. Yanagisawa, T. Miyata, Water/Ethanol Selectivity of New Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Membranes Fabricated from Poly(vinyl alcohol) and an Oligosilane, Macromol. Chem. Phys, 208 (2007) 756-764.
15
[16] L. Cromieres, V. Moulin, B. Fourest, R. Guillaumont, E. Giffaut, Sorption of thorium onto hematite colloids, Radiochim. Acta 82 (1998) 249-256.
16
[17] G.D. Sheng, D.D. Shao, X.M. Ren, X.Q. Wang, J.X. Li, Y.X. Chen, X.K. Wang, Kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of ionizable aromatic compounds from aqueous solutions by as-prepared and oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, J. Hazard. Mater. 178 (2010) 505-516.
17
[18] N. Chiron, R. Guilet, E. Deydier, Adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) onto a grafted silica, isotherms and kinetic models, Water Res. 37 (2003) 3079-3086.
18
[19] X. Zhao, G. Zhang, Q. Jia, Ch. Zhao, W. Zhou, W. Li, Adsorption of U(II), Pb(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by poly (aryl ether ketone) containing pendant carboxyl groups (PEK-L): Equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics, Chem. Eng. J. 171 (2011) 152-158.
19
[20] M.M. Dubinin, E.D. Zaverina, L.V. Radushkevich, Sorption and structure of active carbons. I. Adsorption of organic vapors, Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 21 (1942) 1351-1362.
20
[21] F. Helfferich, Ion Exchange, McGraw Hill, New York, USA (1962).
21
[22] D. Baybaş, U. Ulusoy, The use of polyacrylamide-aluminosilicate composites for thorium adsorption, Appl. Clay. Sci. 51 (2011) 138-146.
22
[23] A.K. Kaygun, S. Akyil, Study of the behaviour of thorium adsorption on PAN/zeolite composite adsorbent, J. Hazard. Mater. 147 (2007) 357-362.
23
[24] O. Ozay, S. Ekici, N. Aktas, N. Sahiner, P(4-vinyl pyridine) hydrogel use for the removal of UO2+ 2 and Th+4 from aqueous environments, J. Environ. Management, 92 (2011) 3121-3129.
24
[25] T.S. Anirudhan, S. Rijith, A.R. Tharun, Adsorptive removal of thorium(IV) from aqueous solutions using poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/bentonite composite matrix: Process design and equilibrium studies, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 368 (2010) 13-22.
25
[26] G. Vukovic, A. Marinkovic, M. Colic, M. Ristic, R. Aleksic, A. Peric-Grujic, P. Uskokovic, Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by oxidized and ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Chem. Eng. J. 157 ( 2010) 238-248.
26
[27] M. Irani, A.R. Keshtkar, M.A. Mousavian, Removal of Cd(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution by PVA/TEOS/TMPTMS hybrid membrane, Chem. Eng. J. 175 (2011) 251-259.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of LaBr3:Ce and NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors by using MCNP 4C code and experimental da
Both of the LaBr3:Ce and NaI(Tl) detectors are inorganic scintillators that due to their high light output rate in comparison with organic scintillators and almost other inorganic scintillators are significant. In this research, experimental data for identical measurement of the sealed button sources with both detectors in the presence and absence of the shield were compared with the simulation data by using MCNP 4C code for the crystals of detectors. The obtained results from the radioactive sealed button sources measurements represented that for low energy gamma rays there are noticeable differences between the experimental and simulation data and that is highly due to non-negligible and effective attenuation of these low energy gamma rays in passing through the window and the shield of detectors included the crystals. The high energy gamma rays simulation data are, however, in agreement with the experimental observations. Also, all the simulation data as well as the experimental measurents showed that the efficiency of the LaBr3:Ce detector is higher than that of the NaI(Tl) detector. The simulation results for the shielded button sources are also in agreement with the experimental data in most ranges of gama energies.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_62_5d78c29ef728af26bf4b3710b4fea96b.pdf
2015-05-22
15
23
Scintillation detectors
Simulation
MCNP 4C
LaBr3:Ce
NaI(Tl)
Reza
Bagheri
1
پژوهشکده ی چرخه ی سوخت هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Pezhman
Shirmardi
2
پژوهشکده ی چرخه ی سوخت هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Mohammad
GhanadiMaragheh
3
پژوهشکده ی چرخه ی سوخت هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Hossein
Afarideh
4
دانشکده ی مهندسی انرژی و فیزیک، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، صندوق پستی: 4413-15875، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] G. Knoll, Radiation detection and measurement, 3rd ed. Wiley, New York, (1999).
1
[2] H. Cember, E. Johnson, Introduction to health physics, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, (2009).
2
[3] K. Kleinknecht, Detectors for particle radiation, 2nd ed. Cambridge, U.K, (1998).
3
[4] M. Balcerzyk, M. Moszynski, M. Kapusta, Comparison of LaCl3:Ce and NaI(Tl) scintillators in gamma-ray spectroscopy. Nuc. Inst. and Meth. A., 537 (2005) 50-56.
4
[5] E.V.D. Van Loef, P. Dorenbos, C.W.E. Van Eijk, K. Kramer, H.U. Gudel, High-energy-resolution scintillator: Ce activated LaBr. Appl. Phys. Lett, 79 (2001) 1573-1575.
5
[6] E.V.D. Van Loef, P. Dorenbos, C.W.E. Van Eijk, K. Kramer, H.U. Gudel, Scintillation properties of LaBr3:Ce crystals: Fast, efficient and high-energy-resolution scintillators. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A., 486 (2002) 254-258.
6
[7] K.S. Shah, J. Glodo, M. Klugerman, W.W. Moses, LaBr3:Ce scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy. IEEE Trans. Nuclear Science, 50 (2003) 2410-2413.
7
[8] B.D. Milbrath, J.E. Fast, W.K. Hensley, R.T. Kouzes, J.E. Schweppe, Comparison of LaBr3:Ce and NaI(Tl) scintillators for radio-isotope identification devices PIET-43741-TM-488, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (2006).
8
[9] J. K. Shultis, R.E. Faw, AN MCNP PRIMER. Department of mechanical and nuclear engineering, Kansas state university (2004).
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and characterization of Nb3Sn intermetallic compound by mechanical alloying and heat treatment
Nb3Sn superconductor compound is the most widely used material for generating magnetic fields above 10T. But, this intermetallic compound is obtained by thermal reactions at high temperatures (>2000°C). Therefore, in recent years the researchers have investigated the processes that permit the formation of the Nb3Sn superconducting phases at lower temperatures (<1000°C). The aim of this study was preparation of nanocrystalline Nb3Sn intermetallic compound using mechanical alloying and heat treatment at low temperature. The phase transitions of milled powder before and after the heat treatment were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The microstructural analyses were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The grain size and lattice strain were calculated using the Williamson-hall method. During the milling, mechanical alloying of Nb-Sn elemental powders resulted in the formation of a solid solution, while the heat-treatment led to the formation of Nb3Sn phase. The results showed that Nb3Sn XRD peaks appeared after the heat treatment at 600°C for the powder milled for 10h.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_63_c48fc59175a517aa4ed39590e04d2ade.pdf
2015-05-22
24
32
Nb3 Sn intermetallic compound
Mechanical alloying
Heat treatment
Nanostructural materials
Maryam
Toghyani Mornani
1
پژوهشکده ی مواد، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1589-81465، اصفهان ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Nozad
2
پژوهشکده ی مواد، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1589-81465، اصفهان ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Asadi Asadabad
3
پژوهشکده ی مواد، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1589-81465، اصفهان ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] K. Krauth, Handbook of applied superconductivity, edited by B. Seeber. IOP. Lodon. 1 (1998) 397-488.
1
[2] R. Aymar, ITER R&D: executive summary: design overview, Fusion Engineering and Design, 55 (2001) 107-118.
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[3] N. Ayai, A. Mikumo, Y. Yamada, K. Takahashi, K. Sato, Improvement of critical current density and residual resistivity on jelly-roll processed Nb3Al superconducting wires, Applied Superconductivity. 7 (1997) 1564-1567.
3
[4] Y. Yamada, N. Ayai, A. Mikumo, M. Ito, K. Hayashi, Development of Nb3Al superconductors for international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), Cryogenics. 39 (1999) 115-122.
4
[5] F.A. Santos, A.S. Ramos, C. Santos, D. Rodrigues Jr, Obtaining and stability verification of superconducting phases of the Nb-Al and Nb-Sn systems by mechanical alloying and low-temperature heat treatments, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 491 (2010) 187-191.
5
[6] S.N. Patankar, F.H. Froes, Formation of Nb3Sn using mechanically alloyed Nb-Sn powder, Solid State Science. 6 (2004) 887-890.
6
[7] S.N. Patankar, F.H. Froes, Transformation of mechanically alloyed Nb-Sn powder to Nb3Sn, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 35 (2004) 3009-3012.
7
[8] M. Lopez, J.A. Jimenez, K. Raman, R.V. Mangalaraja, Synthesis of nano intermetallic Nb3Sn by mechanical alloying and annealing at low temperature, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 612 (2014) 215-220.
8
[9] A.R. Kaufmann, J.J. Pickett, Multifilament Nb3Sn superconducting wire, Journal of Applied Physics, 42 (1971) 58-67.
9
[10] L.D. Cooley, Y.F. Hu, A.R. Moodenbaugh, Enhancement of the upper critical field of Nb3Sn utilizing disorder introduced by ball milling the elements, Applied Physics Letters, 88 (2006) 142506-3.
10
[11] B.A. Glowaki, D.J. Fray, X-Y. Yan, G. Chen, Superconducting Nb3Sn intermetallics made by electrochemical reduction of Nb2O5-SnO2 oxides, Physica C, 387 (2003) 242-246.
11
[12] X-Y. Yan, D.J. Fray, Electrosynthesis of NbTi and Nb3Sn superconductors from oxide precursors in CaCl2-based melts, Advanced Functional Materials, 15 (2005) 1757-1761.
12
[13] C. Suryanarayana, Mechanical alloying and milling, Progress in Materials Science, 46 (2001) 1-180.
13
[14] R. Sen, G.Ch. Das, S.M. Jee, X-ray diffraction line profile analysis of nano-sized cobalt in silica matrix synthesized by sol–gel method, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 490 (2010) 515-523.
14
[15] G.K. Williamson, W.H. Hall, X-ray line broadening from filed aluminium and wolfram, Acta Metallurgica, 1 (1953) 22–31.
15
[16] P. Villars, L.D. Calvert, Pearson’s handbook of crystallographic data for intermetallic phases, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, (1985).
16
[17] M.K. West, PhD Thesis, Processing and characterization of oxide dispersion strengthened 14 YWT ferritic alloys, University of Tennesse, Knoxville, (2006).
17
[18] B. Pandey, M.A. Rao, H.C. Verma, S. Bhargava, Structural and compositional changes during mechanical milling of the Fe-Cr system, Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 6 (2005) 7981-7993.
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[19] J.L. Jorda, H.U. Flukiger, J. Muller, A new metallurgical investigation of the niobium-aluminium system, Journal of the Less Common Metals, 75 (1980) 227-239.
19
[20] P.E. Johnson, Y. IM, L.T. Mcknelly, J.W.Jr. Morris, Formation of Nb3Al in Nb-Al superconductors by powder process, Magnetics, IEEE Transactions, 23 (1987) 1432-1435.
20
[21] K. Barmak, K.R. Coffey, D.A. Rudman, S. Foner, Phase formation sequence for the reaction of multilayer thin films of Nb/Al, Journal of Applied Physics, 67 (1990) 7313-7322.
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[22] C.C. Koch, Intermetallic matrix composites prepared by mechanical alloying-a review, Materials Science and Engineering, 244 (1998) 39-48.
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[23] M.S. Kim, C.C. Koch, Structural development during mechanical alloying of crystalline niobium and tin powders, Journal of Applied Physics, 62 (1987) 3450-3453.
23
[24] J.W. Edindton, Electron diffraction in the electron microscope, London, Macmillan (1975).
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Adsorptive remval of heavy metals from Esfahan uranium conversion facility (UCF) wastewater by bagass impregnated with magnetic nanoparticles
The adsorptive removal of heavy metals (U, Ni and Cu) from Esfahan Uranium Conversion Facility (UCF) wastewater was studied in the laboratory by means of batch method using a magnetic biosorbent composed of nanoparticles of magnetite coverd with sugarcane bagas. The findings indicated that the prepared magnetic biosorbent is suitable for the removal of heavy metals. Furthemore, pH of 5 and equilibrium time of 90 min were adequate to set out the optimum condition of heavy metal biosorption process. The kinetic data were fitted well to a pseudo-second-order rate equation. On the other hand, the results showed that biosorption capacity is decreased by increasing the biosorben dosage. The FT-IR analysis of the adsorbent before and after entering into the contact with wastewater showed that functional groups of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine have the most important role in the heavy metal biosorption.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_64_2f4a946c1fb96db6d5de68fb3fc95817.pdf
2015-05-22
33
43
Heavy metals removal
Magnetic biosorbent
Bagass
Wastewater
Kinetics
Saeid
Alamdarmilani
1
پژوهشکده ی چرخه ی سوخت هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
kaveh
Darabi
2
گروه مهندسی معدن، دانشکده ی فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، صندوق پستی: 143-14115، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Behzad
Maraghemianji
3
پژوهشکده ی چرخه ی سوخت هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Amrolah Abhari
4
پژوهشکده ی چرخه ی سوخت هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] K. Chandra Sekhar, C.T. Kamala, N.S. Chary, Y. Anjaneyulu, Removal of Heavy metals using a plant biomas with reference to evironemental control, Int. J. Miner. Process, 68 (2003) 37-45.
1
[2] S.S. Ahluwalia, Goyal, Microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater, Bioresource Technol, 08 (2007) 2243-2257.
2
[3] N. Chatterjee, Biosorption of cadmium by fungi, Submitted as a major project in partial fulfillement of the requirements for the award of degree of Master of Science in Biotechnology, Biotech. Environ. Sci, Deemed University (2006).
3
[4] B. Volesky, Sorption and Biosorption, BV Sorbex, Inc., Canada, (2003).
4
[5] R.R. Sheha, E. Metwally, Equilibrium isotherm modeling of cesium adsorption on magnetic materials, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (2007) 354-361.
5
[6] M. Yamaura, C.H. Costa, A.P.G. Yamamura, Adsorption studies for Cr(VI) onto magnetic particles covered with chitosan, Proceeding of 2007 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference, Santos, Brazil, Sep30–Oct 5 (2007).
6
[7] A.P. G. Yamamura, M. Yamaura, Preparation and evaluation of adsorption properties of the magnetic bagasse, Proceeding of 2007 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference, Santos, Brazil, Sep30–Oct5 (2007).
7
[8] M. Yamaura, L.P. da Silva, L.Z. de Souza, R.A. Monteiro, Carregador magnético de CMPO para adsorcao de U e Th, Proceeding of 2005 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference, Santos, Brazil, Aug 28–Sep 2 (2005).
8
[9] M. Yamaura, R.L. Camilo, L.C. Sampaio, M.A. Macedo, M. Nakamura, H.E. Toma, Preparation and characterization of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane-coated magnetite nanoparticles, J. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 279 (2004) 210-217.
9
[10] L.C.B. Stopa, M. Yamaura, Uranium removal by chitosan impregnated with magnetite nanoparticles: adsorption and desorption, International Nuclear Atlantic Conference-INAC 2009, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, September 27 to October 2 (2009).
10
[11] A.P.G. Yamamura, M. Yamaura, C.H. Costa, Magnetic biosorbent for removal of uranyl ions, International Nuclear Atlantic Conference-INAC 2009 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, September 27 to October 2 (2009).
11
[12] Fathi Habashi, A Texbook of Hydrometallurgy, Department of mining and metallurgy, Laval niversity, Quebec city, Canada, (1993) 430-440.
12
[13] A. Ahmadpour, D.D. Do, The preparation of activated carbon from coal by chemical and physical activation, Carbon, 34(4) (1996) 471-479.
13
[14] S. Lagergren, Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption gelöster stoffe, Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens. Handlingar, 24 (4) (1898) 1–399.
14
[15] G. Blanchard, M. Maunaye, G. Martin, Removal of heavy metals from waters by means of natural zeolites. Water Research, 18 (1984) 1501-1507.
15
[16] W.J. Weber, J.C. Morris, Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution. J. Sanit. Eng. Div. AM. Soc. Civ. Eng., 89 (1963) 31-60.
16
[17] R. Gong, Y. Ding, H. Liu, Q. Chen, Z. Liu, Lead biosorption and desorption by intact and pretreated spirulina maxima biomass, Chemosphere, 58(1) (2005) 125-30.
17
[18] P. King, N. Rakesh, S. Beena Lahari, Y. Prasanna Kumar, V.S.R.K. Prasad, Biosorption of zinc onto Syzygium cumini L: Equilibrium and Kinetic studies, Chemical Engineering Journal, 144 (2008) 181-187.
18
[19] P. Salehi, B. Asghari, F. Mohammadi, Biosorption of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) by Punica gerana-tum from Aqueous Solutions, Journal of Water Resource and Protection (JWARP), 2 (2010) 701-705.
19
[20] A. Kapoor, T. Viraraghavan, Heavy metal biosorption sites in Aspergillus niger. Bioresour. Technol, 61 (1997) 221–227.
20
[21] A. Kapoor, T. Viraraghavan, D.R. Cullimore, Removal of heavy metals using the fungus Aspergillus niger. Bioresour. Technol, 70 (1999) 95–104.
21
[22] X.P. Liao, B. Shi, Adsorption of fluoride on zirconium (IV)-impregnated collagen fiber, Environ. Sci. Technol, 39 (2005) 4628–4632.
22
[23] S. Schiewer, Multi-metal ion exchange in biosorption, Environ. Sci. Technol, 30 (1996) 2921-2927.
23
[24] Christian Brothers University, lecture note (2004).
24
[25] C. Gok, S. Aytas, Biosorption of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution using calcium alginate beads, J. Hazard. Mater, 168(1) (2009) 369-375.
25
[26] R.M. Gabr, S.H.A. Hassan, A.A.M. Shoreit, Biosorption of lead and nickel by living and non-living cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ASU 6a. International biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 61 (2008) 195-203.
26
[27] Moataza, M. Saad, Chelating Ability of the Chitosan-glucan Complex from Aspergillus niger NRRL595 Biomass Recycling in Citric Acid Production, Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 2(3) (2006) 132-136.
27
[28] G.C. Panda, S.K. Das, A.K. Guha, Biosorption of cadmium and nickel by functionalized husk of Lathyrus sativus, Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 62(2) (2008) 173-179.
28
[29] P.X. Sheng, Y.-P. Ting, J.P. Chen, L. Hong, Sorption of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel by marine algal biomass: characterization of biosorptive capacity and investigation of mechanisms, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 275(1) (2004) 131-141.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Design, construction and optimization of Thomson parabola spectrometer as a diagnostic tool in plasma focus device
One of the main requirements in plasma focus researches is determination of the type and energy range of the produced ions in order to use them in applications and theoretical research activities. Furthermore, Thomson Parabola Spectrometer (TPS) is a very useful tool for measuring ion energy spectrum in a complex radiation field. At first, a typical TPS was built and tested. Then due to bugs in the prototype, a new TPS was designed and constructed with more accuracy and resolution. Some experiments were performed on the two different plasma focus devices by both spectrometers. The results of the new device showed a good performance in separating ions. The two types of CST and SRIM software were used to simulate different parts of this device. The results of the simulations and experiments showed a good agreement and the reliability of CST software for ion beam transport in TPS systems. CST enables us to set the parameters of the system before an experiment and also to diagnose the ions after the experiment.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_65_62937b71f6483a9e6bf63889d6c776d3.pdf
2015-05-22
44
50
Plasma focus device
Thomson parabola spectrometer
CTS software
Mohsen
Nikbakht
1
گروه کاربرد پرتوها، دانشکده ی مهندسی هسته ای، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی: 1983963113، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Behjat
Ghasemi
2
گروه کاربرد پرتوها، دانشکده ی مهندسی هسته ای، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی: 1983963113، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fereydoun
Abbasidavani
3
گروه کاربرد پرتوها، دانشکده ی مهندسی هسته ای، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی: 1983963113، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
babak
Shirani Bidabadi
4
گروه کاربرد پرتوها، دانشکده ی مهندسی هسته ای، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی: 1983963113، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Etaati
5
گروه کاربرد پرتوها، دانشکده ی مهندسی هسته ای، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی: 1983963113، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] H. Herold, A. Mozer, M. Sadowski, H. Schmidt, Design and calibration of a Thomson ion analyzer for plasma focus studies, Rev. Sci. Instrum, 52, 24 (1981).
1
[2] R.F. Schneider, C.M. Luo, M.J. Rhee, Resolution of the Thomson spectrometer, J. Appl. Phys, 57, 1 (1985).
2
[3] Rhee M.J, Compact Thomson spectrometer, Review of Scientific Instruments, 55 (8) (1984) 1229-1234.
3
[4] B. Shirani, F. Abbasi, M. Nikbakht, Production of 13N by 12C(d,n)13N reaction in a medium energy plasma focus, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 74 (2013) 86-90.
4
[5] B. Shirani, F. Abbasi, Brazilian Journal of Physics, Construction and Experimental Study of a 2.5kJ, Simply Configured, Mather Type Plasma focus device, 40 (2) (2010) 125-130.
5
[6] D.C. Carroll, K. Jones, L. Robson, P. McKenna, The design, development and use of a novel Thomson spectrometer for high resolution ion detection, High Power Laser Science, Short Pulse Plasma Physics, Central Laser Facility Annual Report, (2005/2006) 16-20.
6
[7] K. Czaus, E. Skladnik-Sadowska, K. Malinowski, M.J. Sadowski, Miniature Thomson type spectrometer for mass and energy analysis of pulsed plasma ion streams, Czechoslovak Journal of Physics, 56 Suppl, B (2006).
7
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of strand breaks induced by direct effects of monoenergetic electrons in B conformation of genetic material of living cells by using Geant4
In this study, DNA damage and statistics of hit in any compartments of B-DNA conformation of genetic material of living cells, induced by monoenergetic electrons, have been studied using Monte Carlo Geant4 (Geometry and tracking 4)-DNA toolkit. Simple 34 bp segments of B-DNA conformation, repeated randomly in high number, and monoenergetic electrons (1-20 keV) have been simulated in a volume of typical animal cell nucleus. The average yields of single strand and double strand damage for this energy range of electrons were 24.6 Gy-1Gbp-1 and 0.295 Gy-1Gbp-1, respectively. The highest hit efficiency is for phosphodiester volume of B-DNA model and the most single strand break damage yield has been calculated for 8 keV electrons. The averaged DSB to SSB fraction for this energy range electrons is about 0.031.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_66_0c70775838568501a1eb0845c0f57ff3.pdf
2015-05-22
51
59
Monoenergetic electrons
Single strand break
Double strand break
Volume model of B-DNA
Geant4
Farid
Semsarha
1
پژوهشکده ی کاربرد پرتوها، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 3486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Raisali
2
پژوهشکده ی کاربرد پرتوها، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 3486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bahram
Goliaei
3
مرکز تحقیقات بیوشیمی و بیوفیزیک (IBB)، دانشگاه تهران، صندوق پستی: 1384-13145، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Hossein
Khalafi
4
پژوهشکده ی کاربرد پرتوها، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 3486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] M. Folkard, K.M. Prise, B. Vojnovic, S. Davies, M.J. Roper, B.D. Michael, Measurement of DNA damage by electrons with energies between 25 and 4000 eV, Int. J. Radiat. Biol, 64 (1993) 651-658.
1
[2] H. Nikjoo, P. O’Neill, M. Terrissol, D.T. Goodhead, Quantitative modelling of DNA damage using Monte Carlo track structure method, Rad. Environ. Bioph, 38 (1999) 31-38.
2
[3] H. Nikjoo, C.E. Bolton, R. Watanabe, M. Terrissol, P. O’Neill, D.T. Goodhead, Modeling of DNA damage induced by energetic electrons (100 eV to 100 keV), Rad. Prot. Dosimetry, 99 (2002) 77–80.
3
[4] H. Nikjoo, P. O’Neill, D.T. Goodhead, M. Terrissol, Computational modelling of low-energy electron-induced DNA damage by early physical and chemical events, Int. J. Radiat. Biol, 71 (1997) 467-483.
4
[5] Z. Francis, S. Incerti, R. Capra, B. Mascialino, G. Montarou, V. Stepan, C. Villagrasa, Molecular scale track structure simulations in liquid water using the Geant4-DNA Monte-Carlo processes, App. Radiat. Isot, 69 (2011) 220–226.
5
[6] M.A. Bernal, J.A. Liendo, An investigation on the capabilities of the PENELOPE MC code in nanodosimetry, Med. Phys, 36 (2009) 620-625.
6
[7] M.A. Hill, The variation in biological effectiveness of x-rays and gamma rays with energy, Radiat. Protect. Dosimetry, 112 (2004) 471-481.
7
[8] E.L. Alpen, Radiation biophysics, 2nd edition, Academic Press (1999).
8
[9] C.N. Sonntag, Free-radical-induced DNA damage as approached by quantum-mechanical and Monte Carlo calculations: an overview from the standpoint of an experimentalist, Adv. Quant. Chem, 52 (2007) 5-20.
9
[10] W. Friedland, M. Dingfelder, P. Kundrát, P. Jacob, Track structures, DNA targets and radiation effects in the biophysical Monte Carlo simulation code PARTRAC, Mut. Res, 711 (2011) 28-40.
10
[11] A. Mozumder, Y. Hatano, Charged particle and photon interaction with matter, Marcel Dekker (2004).
11
[12] C.V. Sonntag, Free-radical-induced DNA damage and its repair: a chemical perspective, Springer (2006).
12
[13] G. Raisali, L. Mirzakhanian, S.F. Masoudi, F. Semsarha, Calculation of DNA strand breaks due to direct and indirect effects of Auger electrons from incorporated 123I and 125I radionuclides using Geant4 computer code, Int. J. Radiat. Biol, 89 (2013) 57-64.
13
[14] C. Bousis, Dosimetry on sub-cellular level for intracellular incorporated Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides: a comparison of Monte Carlo simulations and analytic calculations, Radiat. Protect. Dosimetry, 143 (1) (2011) 33-41.
14
[15] E. Pomplun, A new DNA target model for track structure calculations and its first application to 1-125 Auger electrons, Int. J. Radiat. Biol, 59 (3) (1991) 625-642.
15
[16] N.J. Carron, An introduction to the passage of energetic particles through matter, CRC Press (2007).
16
[17] H. Nikjoo, P. O’Niell, W.E. Wilson, D.T. Goodhead, Computational approach for determining the spectrum of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, Rad. Res, 156 (2001) 577-583.
17
[18] C. Villagrasa, Z. Francis, S. Incerti, Physical models implemented in the Geant4-DNA extension of the Geant-4 toolkit for calculating initial radiation damage at the molecular level, Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry, 143 (2011) 214-218.
18
[19] Z. Francis, S. Incerti, R. Caprac, B. Mascialinod, G. Montaroue, V. Stepanf, C. Villagrasa, Molecular scale track structure simulations in liquid water using the Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo processes, Appl. Radiat. Isotopes, 69 (2011) 220-226.
19
[20] S. Incerti, C. Champion, H.N. Tran, M. Karamitros, M. Bernal, Energy deposition in small-scale targets of liquid water using the very low energy electromagnetic physics processes of the Geant4 toolkit, Nucl. Inst. Met. Phys. Res. B, 306 (2013) 158-164.
20
[21] F. Semsarha, B. Goliaei, G. Raisali, H. Khalafi, L. Mirzakhanian, An investigation on the radiation sensitivity of DNA conformations to 60Co gamma rays by using Geant4 toolkit, Nucl. Inst. Meth. B, 323 (2014) 75-81.
21
[22] S. Neidle, Principles of nucleic acid structure, Oxford University Press Inc. (2007).
22
[23] M. Dingfelder, D. Hantke, M. Inokuti, H.G. Paretzke, Electron inelastic scattering cross sections in liquid water, Radiat. Phys. Chemist. 53 (1998) 1-18.
23
[24] Ph. Bernhardt, W. Friedland, P. Jacob, H.G. Paretzke, Modelling of ultrasoft x-ray induced DNA damage using structured higher order DNA targets, Int. J. Mass Spect, 223 (2003) 579-597.
24
[25] M. Pinak, A. Ito, Energy deposition in structural parts of DNA by monoenergetic electrons, J. Radiat. Res, 34 (1993) 221-234.
25
[26] M.A. Bernal, C.E. Almeida, C. Sampaio, S. Incerti, C. Champion, P. Nieminen, The invariance of the total direct DNA strand break yield, Med. Phys, 38 (2011) 4147-4153.
26
[27] S. Chauvie, Z. Francis, S. Guatelli, S. Incerti, B. Mascialino, F. Moretto, P. Nieminen, M.G. Pia, Geant4 physics processes for microdosimetry simulation: design foundation and implementation of the first set of models, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci, 54 (2007) 2619-2628.
27
[28] B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, P. Walter, Molecular biology of the cell, 4nd ed., Garland Science (2002).
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of optimized conditions for 99mTc-labeled riphampicin Preparation for tuberculosis imaging applications
Developing of new infection imaging agents is a mandate in the detection of resistant species in the clinic due to the mortality of various new strains of bacteria including mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, various conditions were optimized for the rapid and efficient labeling of rifampicin antibiotic labeled with Tc-99m for ultimate use in infection imaging. Radiochemical purities were checked by RTLC using methyl ethyl ketone, and normal saline on Whatman No.1 paper. The time, temperature, ligand concentration, stannous ion amount, pH were optimized in the radiolabeling process and the best conditions were room temperature, pH 7, 20 micrograms of stannous chloride for 1 mg of rifampicin solid and 20 mCi of freshly milked technetium-99m pertechnetate. The complex demonstrated satisfactory stability in the presence of human serum and final formulations for 6 hours.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_67_0c8aeef062021201730d5a45deea7599.pdf
2015-05-22
60
66
Rifampicin
Technetium-99 m
Radiolabeling
Tuberculosis
Ali
Badbarin
1
گروه مهندسی پرتو پزشکی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، صندوق پستی: 775-14515، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Amirreza
jalilian
2
پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 3486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fariba
Jouhari Deha
3
پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 3486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Hassan
Yousefnia
4
پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 3486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Mitra
Atharialaf
5
پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 3486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] F.A. Drobniewski, S.M. Wilson, The pathological society of great britain and ireland, review article the rapid diagnosis of isoniazid and rifampicin resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis- a molecular story- Med, Microbiol, 47 (1998) 189-1960.
1
[2] J.M. Musser, Antimicrobial agent resistance in mycobacteria: molecular genetic insights, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 8 (1995) 496-514.
2
[3] M.J. Nasiri, H. Dabiri, D. Darban-Sarokhalil, M. Rezadehbashi, S. Zamani, Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Iran: systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Infect Control, 42 (2014) 1212-1218.
3
[4] http://www.naweb.iaea.org/ napc/iachem/ meetings/ meetings_tm.html TM-44702 on, Infection imaging with radiopharmaceuticals, (joint with NAHU) 2013-03-18 to 2013-03-22 U. Bhonsle/ A. Duatti, Vienna Austria.
4
[5] G. Tossing, 99mTc-ciprofloxacin draximage. Review IDrugs, 7(4) (2004) 374-379.
5
[6] Technetium [99mTc] ciprofluxacin, Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, Iranian Drug List, fdo. behdasht. gov.ir/ index.aspx? siteid=114 & pageid=29768.
6
[7] A.R. Jalilian, Y. Yari-Kamrani, P. Rowshanfarzad, M. Sabet, M. Kamali-dehghan, Preparation and preliminary evaluation of [55Co] (II) vancomycin, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technique, 19 (6) (2008) 347-353.
7
[8] A.R. Jalilian, M.A. Hosseini, F. Saddadi, Evaluation of [201Tl] (III) vancomycin in normal rats, Nuclear Medicine Reviews, 11 (1) (2008) 1-4.
8
[9] http://icnm2013.com/ files/ basic %20 science %20 program.pd.
9
[10] P. Richards, Technetium-99m: The early days. BNL-43197 CONF-8909193-1 (1989). New York: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Retrieved, 3 (2012).
10
[11] P.P. Hazari, K. Chuttani, N. Kumar, R. Mathur, R. Sharma, B. Singh, A.K. Mishra, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide Conjugated with Diethyelene triamine penta-acetic Acid for Infection Imaging, The Open Nuclear Medicine Journal, 1 (2009) 33-42.
11
[12] N. Singh, M. Gulati, M. Bose, A. Bhatnagar, A.K. Singh, T. Ravindranath, In-Vitro & In-Vivo Experiments on Selective Uptake of 99mTc-INH & 99mTc-EMB in Resistant Strains of Mycobacteria (Abstracts of SNMICON 2004), Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 19 (2004) 156.
12
[13] M.T. Ercan, T. Aras, I.S. Unsal, Evaluation of 99mTc-erythromycin and 99mTc-streptomycin sulphate for the visualization of inflammatory lesions, Int. J. Rad. Appl. Instrum. B, 19(7) (1992) 803-806.
13
[14] S.Q. Shah, A. Ullah Khan, M.R. Khan, Radiosynthesis and biodistribution of 99mTc-rifampicin: A novel radiotracer for in-vivo infection imaging, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 68 (2010) 2255–2260.
14
[15] S.W. Husain, V. Ghoulipour, H. Sepehrian, Chromatographic behaviour of antibiotics on thin layers of an inorganic ion-exchanger, Acta Chromatographica, 14 (2004) 102-109.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hydrogen chemisorption on the dust grain in divertor plasma
Tokamak divertor plasma is characterized by variety of plasma parameters such as plasma density and temperature, as well as plasma composition and overcoming plasma dynamics processes. A model was surveyed for theoretical study of the interaction of hydrogen with dust surface and the results is applied to the formation of H2 molecule on the dust grain surfaces in the tokamak divertor plasma. In this model, by considering both physisorbed and chemisorbed sites on the grain surface, the adatoms on the surface migrate from one adsorb site to other adsorb site by thermal diffusion and form H2 on the dust grain surfaces. The H2 formation rate on the high temperature dust surfaces in the divertor plasma region has been found for a range of gas temperatures and densities.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_68_fb6f9eabb08caa1bf2c9429887159d48.pdf
2015-05-22
67
75
Plasma
Tokamak
Dust
Divertor
Mahdiyeh
Bakhtiari ramezani
1
پژوهشکده ی فیزیک پلاسما و گداخت هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 51113-14399، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jafar
Mahmoudi
2
گروه فیزیک، دانشکده ی علوم پایه، دانشگاه قم، صندوق پستی: 3716146611، قم ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Naser
Alinezhad
3
پژوهشکده ی فیزیک پلاسما و گداخت هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 51113-14399، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] J. Kuppers, The hydrogen surface chemistry of carbonas a plasma facing material, Surf. Sci. Rep. 22 (1995) 249.
1
[2] V. Philipps, J. Roth, A. Loarte, Key issues in plasma–wall interactions for ITER: a European approach, Plasma Phys. Cont. Fusion, 45 (2003) A17.
2
[3] S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.Yu. Pigarov, R.D. Smirnov, T.K. Soboleva, Theoretical aspects of dust in fusion devices, Contrib. Plasma Phys, 50 (2010) 410-425.
3
[4] X. Sha, B. Jackson, D. Lemoine, Quantum studies of eley-rideal reactions between H atoms on a graphite surface, J. Chem. Phys, 116 (2002) 7158.
4
[5] T. Zecho, A. Guettler, X. Sha, B. Jackson, J. Kueppers, Abstraction of D chemisorbed on graphite (0001) with gaseous H atoms, Chem. Phys. Lett, 366 (2002) 188-195.
5
[6] A.Yu. Pigarov, S.I. Krasheninnikov, Modeling of dust- particle behavior for different materials in plasmas, Phys. Plasmas, 14 (2007) 052504.
6
[7] L. Hornekuer, E. Rauls, W. Xu, Z. Sljivancanin, R. Otero, I. Steensgaard, E. Luegsgaard, B. Hammer, F. Besenbacher, Clustering of chemisorbed H(D) atoms on the graphite (0001) surface due to preferential sticking, Phys. Rev. Lett, 97 (2006) 186102.
7
[8] L. Hornekuer, Z. Sljivancanin, W. Xu, R. Otero, E. Rauls, I. Steensgaard, B. Hammer, F. Besenbacher, Metastable structures and recombination pathways for atomic hydrogen on the graphite (0001) surface, Phys. Rev. Lett, 96 (2006) 156104.
8
[9] L. Jeloaica, V. Sidis, DFT investigation of the adsorption of atomic hydrogen on a cluster-model graphite surface, Chem. Phys. Lett, 300 (1999) 157-162.
9
[10] Y. Ferro, F. Marinelli, A. Allouche, C. Brosset, Density functional theory investigation of H adsorption on the basal plane of boron-doped graphite, J. Chem. Phys, 118 (2002) 8124.
10
[11] A. Messiah, Quantum mechanics, Amsterdam: North-Holland (1961).
11
[12] S. Cazaux, A.G. Tielens, ERRATUM: H2 formation on grain surfaces, ApJ, 604 (2004) 222.
12
[13] C. Thomas, T. Angot, J. Layet, Investigation of D (H) abstraction by means of high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, Surf. Sci, 602 (2008) 2311-2314.
13
[14] S. Morisset, F. Aguillon, M. Sizun, V. Sidis, Wave-packet study of H2 formation on a graphite surface through the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, J. Chem. Phys, 15 (2005) 194702.
14
[15] N. Ohno, N. Ezumi, S. Takamura, S.I. Rasheninnikov, A.Yu. Pigarov, Experimental evidence of molecular activated recombination in detached recombining plasmas, Phy. Rev. Lett, 81 (1998) 818-821.
15
[16] J. Winter, Dust in fusion devices-a multi-faceted problem connecting high- and low-temperature plasma physics, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 46 (2004) B583.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of some important aspects of inherent safety of BREST-300, generation IV lead-cooled fast reactor
A Russian design of Lead- cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) with a mixed uranium-plutonium nitride fuel is chosen as a case study. In order to demonstrate the inherent safety considered in this proposed design in the framework of Generation IV of nuclear reactors, a precise simulation of core has been attempted using MCNP lattice features. The material cross sections have been developed by NJOY & MAKXSF at different temperature levels. Meanwhile, certain static and dynamic parameters such as core effective multiplication factor (keff), group-wise and effective delayed neutron fractions are derived. Thermal reactivity feedbacks are calculated by changing the core composition and layout in the MCNP and inspecting its effect on keff. A complete systemic model comprising neutronic, thermal hydraulic (for hot channel) and feedbacks sub-systems has been developed. The power reactivity coefficient and reactivity margin (indicative of the maximum reactivity available to insert into the reactor core) are derived afterwards and it is demonstrated that the BREST reactor is equipped with inherent safety, and its reactivity margin stands well below the value of eff. The reactor, therefore, does not undergo prompt-criticality phenomena in available reactivity insertion accidents. Meanwhile, certain transient analyses are taken into account to verify the reactor intrinsic safety. Besides, a stability analysis through the formation of state transition matrix for the system describing equations and calculation of its eigenvalues which represent the system poles has been conducted. A set of poles with negative real parts stands for a dynamically stable system which is also a measure of the inherent safety.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_69_23e4a93ca806f6fc4088bfb2e1edaf4a.pdf
2015-05-22
76
88
Inherent safety
Lead-cooled fast reactor
Reactivity margin
Thermal reactivity feedback
Mohammad
Zarei Binabaj
1
دانشکده ی مهندسی هسته ای، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی: 19838963113، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Naeimodin
Mataji Kojouri
2
گروه پژوهشی ایمنی هسته ای و حفاظت پرتوی، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-14395، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdolhamid
Minuchehr
3
گروه پژوهشی ایمنی هسته ای و حفاظت پرتوی، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-14395، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] A. Waltar, D. Todd, P. Tsvetkov, Fast spectrum reactors, Springer (2011).
1
[2] S.M. Goldberg, R. Rosner, Nuclear reactors: generation to generation, American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2011).
2
[3] J. Lamarsh, A.J. Baratta, Introduction to nuclear engineering, Prentice Hall (2001).
3
[4] M. Hashim, Y. Ming, A.S. Ahmed, Review of severe accident phenomena in LWR and related severe accident analysis codes, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 5, 12 (2013).
4
[5] P. Hejzlar, N.E. Todreas, E. Schwageraus, A. Nikiforova, R. Petroski, M.J. Driscoll, Cross comparisons of fast reactor concepts with various coolants, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 239 (2009).
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[6] A. Alemberti, J. Carlsson, E. Malambu, A. Orden, D. Struwe, P. Agostini, S. Monti, European lead cooled fast reactor: ELSY, Nuclear Engineering and Design, doi: 10.1016/j.nucengdes, 2011.03.029, (2011).
6
[7] T.R. Allen, D.C. Crawford, Lead-cooled fast reactor systems and the fuels and materials challenges, Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations, doi:10.1155/2007/97486, (2007).
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[8] E.O. Adamov, White book of nuclear power, RDIPE, Moscow (1998).
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[9] E.O. Adamov, V.V. Orlov, Naturally safe lead cooled fast reactors for large scale nuclear power, RDIPE, Moscow (2001).
9
[10] E.E. Lewis, Nuclear power reactor safety, John Wiley & Sons (1978).
10
[11] Los Alamos National Laboratory, MCNP 5 manual, I, II, III (2008).
11
[12] R.E. Mc Farlane, D.W. Muir, The NJOY nuclear data processing system version 91, (1994).
12
[13] Forrest. B. Brown, The MAKXSF code with doppler broadening, Los Alamos National Laboratory (2006).
13
[14] Matthew Johnson, Scott Lucas, P. Tsvetkov, Modeling of reactor kinetics and dynamics, Idaho National Laboratory, INL/EXT-19953-10 (2010).
14
[15] N.E. Todreas, M.M. Kazimi, Nuclear Systems, Taylor & Francis (1991).
15
[16] L.E. Weaver, Nuclear reactor dynamics and control, American Elsevier Publishing Company, INC (1968).
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Target design and feasibility study of the production of 123I radioisotope via 124Xe(p, x)123I reaction
The radioisotope of 123I (13.2 h) is widely used in nuclear medicine diagnosis studies using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). At present, it is mostly produced by proton irradiation of highly enriched 124Xe in a gas target and based on the decay chain of 123Cs123Xe123I. Achievement of high purity and high activity of 123I requires the characterization and the optimization of production conditions such as geometry of gas chamber and optimum range of the projectile particle energy. In this research work, for achieving the maximum purity and high activity, the excitation functions of 124Xe(p, 2n)123Cs, 124Xe(p, pn)123Xe and 124Xe (p, 2p)123I reactions were calculated using five different nuclear models. The theoretical results were compared with the experimental obsetvations. By using the excitation functions, the optimum range of the production was selected. The Monte Carlo method indicated the beam transport situation in the target body and energy distribution of protons in the gas. For this purpose the calculations were carried out by using MCNPX and SRIM codes. Then, the target geometry was designed as a Frustum-shaped. Finally, by means of the MCNPX code, the 123I production yield was estimated. Good agreement between the simulated results and the theoretical yields, as well as the experimental yields was observed.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_70_5aeed00a4ceffbdf4495efc7bf97e369.pdf
2015-05-22
89
95
123I
124Xe gas
Target design
MCNPX Code
Mohammad
Eslami
1
گروه فیزیک، دانشکده ی علوم پایه، دانشگاه زنجان، صندوق پستی: 38791-45371، زنجان ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Tayeb
Kakavand
2
گروه فیزیک، دانشکده ی علوم، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی، صندوق پستی: 5599-34149، قزوین ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Mirzaei
3
پژوهشکده ی کشاورزی هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498-31485، کرج ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Table de Radionucleides, (2004), <http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/Nuclides/I-123_tables.pdf>.
1
[2] F. Tarkanyi, S.M. Qaim, G. Stocklin, M. Sajjad, R.M. Lambrecht, H. Schweikert, Excitation functions of (p, 2n) and (p, pn) reactions and differential and Integral yields of 123I in proton induced reactions on highly enriched 124Xe, Appl. Radiat. Isot, 42 (1991) 221-228.
2
[3] A. Hermanne, F. Tarkanyi, S. Takacs, R. Adam Rebeles, A. Ignatyuk, S. Spellerberg, R. Schweikert, Limitation of the long-lived 121Te contaminant in production of 123I through the 124Xe(p, x) route, Appl. Radiat. Isot, 69 (2011) 358–368.
3
[4] L.M. Firouzbakht, R.R. Teng, D.J. Schlyer, A.P. Wolf, Production of iodine-123 from xenon-124 at energies between 15 and 34 MeV, Radiochim. Acta, 41 (1987) 1-4.
4
[5] L.M. Firouzbakht, R.R. Teng, D.J. Schlyer, A.P. Wolf, Production of high purity iodine-123 from xenon-124: cross sections and yields, Radiochim. Acta, 56 (1992) 167–171.
5
[6] N.V. Kurenkov, A.B. Malinin, A.A. Sebyakin, N.I. Venikov, Excitaion functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on 124Xe: production of 123I, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett, 135 (1989) 39-50.
6
[7] N.A. Konyahin, V.N. Mironov, N.N. Krasnov, P.P. Dmitriev, V.P. Lapin, M.V. Paparin, Yield of 123I from proton bombardment of 124Xe over the energy range 16–21, 5 MeV, At. Energ, 67 (1989) 129-130.
7
[8] L.C.A. Sumiya, V. Sciani, Evaluation of irradiation parameters of enriched 124Xe target for 123I production in cyclotrons, Appl. Radiat. Isot, 66 (2008) 1337–1340.
8
[9] Monte Carlo Team, MCNP5/MCNPX-exe Package, Monte Carlo N-Particle extended, Los Alamos National Laboratory report (2008), <http://mcnpx.lanl.gov/>.
9
[10] J.F. Ziegler, M.D. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, SRIM-the stopping and range of ions in matter, Nucl Instrum Methods B, 268 (2010) 1818-1823.
10
[11] A.J. Koning, S. Hilaire, S. Goriely, TALYS-1.4 A nuclear reaction program, user manual, NRG, The Netherlands, (2011).
11
[12] A. Gilbert, A.G.W. Cameron, A composite nuclear level density formula with shell corrections, Can. J. Phys, 43 (1965) 1446.
12
[13] W. Dilg, W. Schantl, H. Vonach, M. Uhl, Level density parameters for the back-shifted fermi gas model in the mass range 40<A<250, Nucl. Phys, A 217 (1973) 269.
13
[14] A.V. Ignatyuk, J.L. Weil, S. Raman, S. Kahane, Density of discrete levels in 116Sn, Phys. Rev, C 47 (1993) 1504.
14
[15] S. Goriely, F. Tondeur, J.M. Pearson, A Hartree Fock nuclear mass table, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 77 (2001) 311.
15
[16] S. Hilaire, S. Goriely, Global microscopic nuclear level densities within the HFB plus combinatorial method for practical applications, Nucl. Phys, A 779 (2006) 63.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of gamma radiation effects on morphological and antagonistic characteristics of Trichoderma harzianum
The effects of gamma irradiation doses on spore germination of Trichoderma harzianum and its effects on morphological variation and antagonistic capability of the mutants to control Rhizoctonia solani were evaluated. Spore suspension of Trichoderma has been gamma irradiated with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 Gry in Nuclear Agricultural Research School (Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj). Gamma ray effects on mycelial growth were evaluated by irradiation with 0, 400, 800, 1200, 2000 and 2500 Gry. The results showed that the 450 Gry gamma radiations completely blocked the spore germination and 250 Gry was the optimum dose to induce mutation in Trichoderma. Furthermore, gamma irradiation could change the morphological characteristics such as colony shape and color, sporulation and mycelia growth rate. The dual culture test showed that the mutated isolates have statistically higher antagonistic capability against R.solani than their parent strain. According to these results, the bio-control capability of Trichoderma could be improved through the gamma radiation.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_71_65f29ae5417d1b4c91279774a95c359c.pdf
2015-05-22
96
104
Gamma radiation
Mutation
Biological control
Trichoderma harzianum
Rhizoctonia solani
Reza
Moradi
1
گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی: 36899-31578، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Samira
Shahbazi
2
پژوهشکده ی کشاورزی هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498-31485، کرج ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Ahari Mostafavi
3
پژوهشکده ی کشاورزی هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498-31485، کرج ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Mohammadali
Ebrahimi
4
پژوهشکده ی کشاورزی هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498-31485، کرج ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Hamed
Askari
5
پژوهشکده ی کشاورزی هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498-31485، کرج ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] R. Moradi, S. Shahbazi, H. Ahari Mostafavi, M. Mirmajlesi, M. Ebrahimi Determine the appropriate dose of radiation to induce mutations and study on morphological effects in Trichoderma fungi, First Congress of science and new technologies in agriculture, Zanjan University, 29 (2011) 10-12.
1
[2] R. Vilgalis, M.A. Cubeta, Molecular systematics and population biology of Rhizoctonia Annual Review of Phytopathology, 32 (1994) 135-155.
2
[3] D.E. Carling, S. Kuninaga, K.A. Brainard, Hyphal anastomosis reaction, DNA- internal transcribed spacer sequences, and virulence levels among subsets of Rhizoctonia solani anastamosis group- 2 (AG2) and AG-BI, 92 (1996) 43-50.
3
[4] W.M. Haggag, H. Abdel-Latif, A. Mohamed, Biotechnological aspects of microorganisms used in plant biological control, American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 1 (2007) 7-12.
4
[5] C.R. Howell, Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: the history and evolution of current concepts, USD/ARS southern plains Agricultural Research center (2009).
5
[6] I. Chet, G. E. Harman, R. Baker, Trichoderma hamatum: Its hyphal interactions with Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp, Microbial Echology, 7 (1) (2005) 29-38.
6
[7] H.R. Etebarian, Evaluation of Trichoderma isolates for biological control of charcoal stem rot in melon caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, Journal of Agriculture Science Technology, 8 (2006) 243-250.
7
[8] S. Shahbazi, R. Moradi, N. Safaei, H. Ahari Mostafavi, M. Mirmajlesi, Detoxification of fusarium Doxynivalenon using Glucosyl-transferase, The First National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture, Azad University, 1 (2011) 1-4.
8
[9] H. Ahari Mostafavi, The application of nuclear technology in the management of weeds and plant diseases, Second National Conference on the application of nuclear technology in agricultural sciences and natural resources, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, (2008) 331-335.
9
[10] C.R. Howell, The role of antibiosis in bicontrol. In Harman, G. E. and Kubicek, C.P. (eds.). Trichoderma and Gliocladium, Taylor and Francis, Londan (1998) 173-184.
10
[11] M. Baek, C.R. Howell, C.M. Kenerley, The role of an extracellular chitinase from Trichoderma virens (Gv29-8) in the biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani, Curr. Genet. 35 (1999) 41-50.
11
[12] M. Mukherjee, R. Hadar, P.K. Mulherjee, B.A. Horwitz, Homologus expression of a mutated beta-tubulin gene dose not conferes benomyl resistance on Trichoderma harzianum, J. Applied Microbiol, 95 (2003) 861-867.
12
[13] T.A. Muusa, M.A. Rizk, Impact of gamma radiation stresses on control of sugarbeet pathogens R. solani and S. rolfsii, Pakistan J. of Plant Pathology, 2(1) (2003) 10-20.
13
[14] W.M. Haggag, Induction of hyperproducing chitinase Trichoderma mutants for efficient biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea on tomato and cucumber plants growing in plastic houses, Arab J. Biotech, 5(2) (2002) 151-164.
14
[15] H. Abdel-Latif, A. Mohamed, W.M. Haggag, Biocontrol potential of salinity tolerant mutants of Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium oxysporum causing tomato wilt disease, Arab J. Biotech, 8 (1) (2005) 35-48.
15
[16] H. Ahari Mostafavi, M. Mirjalili, M. Mirmajlesi, H. Fathollahi, M. Mansouri Pour, The effect of gamma rays on the spore germination and hypha growth of Penicillium expansum, Third National Conference on the application of nuclear technology in agricultural sciences and natural resources, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, (2010) 485-479.
16
[17] H. Ahari Mostafavi, N. Safaei, B. Naserian, H. Fathollahi, H. Dorri, Evaluation of biological control of bean root rot disease using non-pathogenic mutants of Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli, J. of Research in plant production (Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources), 16 (3) (2007) 33-42.
17
[18] B. Sneh, M. Zeidan, M. Ichielevich-Austet, I. Barash, Y. Koltin, Increased growth responses induced by a non pathogenetic isolate of Rhizoctonia solani, Can. J. Bot. 64 (1989) 2372-2378.
18
[19] C.E. Windels, D.J. Nabben, Characterization and pathogenicity of anastamosis group of Rhizoctonia solani, isolated from Beta vulgaris Phytophatology, 79 (1989) 83-88.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of synergistic effect of combination of gamma radiation with carum copticum C.B. Clarke essential oil against trogoderma granarium everts contamination
In order to reduce the problems due to use of chemical insecticides it is required to apply safe and proper methods to control insect pest. In this work, the combination effect of gamma radiation and Carum copticum C.B. Clarke essential oil against Trogoderma granarium Everts larvae, which is known as the major pest in the stored products, was investigated. Experiments were carried out at 27±1ºC and 65±5% R.H. under the dark condition and three cases were represented. They are: 1) application of gamma radiation and essential oil simultaneausly, 2) irradiation followed by the essential oil, 3) the essential oil followed by the irradiation. The mortality was recorded 24h after the initial treatment. Doses among 700-1000 Gy of gamma radiation and 14.25, 20.88 and 35.97 μl of oil were used. The study showed that the combination of gamma radiation with C. copticum oil increased the larvae mortality compared with the control one, so that the combination of 900 and 1000 Gy with doses of essential oil (14.25, 20.88 and 35.97 μl) increased the mortality to 100% after 20 days, where as these gamma doses alone could control only 20% of larvae after 20 days. The best interaction was obtained when the fumigated larvae were exposed to the radiation. The results showed that irradiation and essential oils can be used as a successful control of the stored product pests.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_72_ecf3be34f88eff8bf782702581eb4b4c.pdf
2015-05-22
105
112
Gamma radiation
Essential oil
Carum copticum
Trogoderma granarium
Combination effect
Setareh
Mohammadsalim
1
گروه حشره شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، صندوق پستی: 775-14515، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Ahmadi
2
پژوهشکده ی کشاورزی هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 498-31485، کرج ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeid
Moharammipour
3
گروه حشره شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، صندوق پستی: 336-14115، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Sohrab
Imani
4
گروه حشره شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، صندوق پستی: 775-14515، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] E. Shaaya, M. Kostjukovski, J. Eilberg, C. Sukprakarn, Plant oils as fumigants and contact insecticides for the control of stored-product insects, Journal of Stored Products Research, 33 (1997) 7-15.
1
[2] M.K. Chaubey, Insecticidal activity of Trachyspermum ammi(Umbelliferae), Anethum graveolens (Umbelliferae) and Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae) essential oils against stored-product beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2 (2007) 596-600.
2
[3] C.H. Bell, S.M. Wilson, Phosphine tolerance and resistance in Trogoderma granarium (Everts.) (Coleoptersa: Dermestidae), Journal of Stored Products Research, 31 (1995) 199-205.
3
[4] TEAP, UNEP technology and economic assessment panel (TEAP), Report of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, UNEP, Nairobi (2000).
4
[5] P.G. Fields, N.D.G. White, Alternatives to methyl bromide treatments for Stored- Product insect and quarantine insect, Annual Review of Entomology, 47 (2002) 331-359.
5
[6] F. Matsumura, Toxiology of insecticides, Plenum Press, New Yorks, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants and fungi, Natural Product Reports, 23 (1985) 181-199.
6
[7] S.M. Keita, C. Vincent, J. Schmidt, S. Ramaswamy, A. Belanger, Effect of various essential oils on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), Journal of Stored Products Research, 36 (2000) 355-364.
7
[8] E. Enan, Insecticidal activity of essential oils: octopaminergic sites of action, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 130 (2001) 325-337.
8
[9] K.A.S. Aquino, Sterilization by gamma irradiation, In: Feriz Adrovic. (Eds.), Gamma Irradiation In Tech, 1 (2012) 171-206.
9
[10] H.R. Zolfagharieh, E. Bagheri Zenouz, H. Bayat Asadi, Sh. Mashayekhi, H. Fathollahi, M. Babaii, Application of gamma radiation for controlling important store-pests of cereals, pulses, and nuts. Journal of Agricaltural Science of Iran, 35 (1997) 415-426.
10
[11] M.X. Gao, C.Y. Wang, S.R. Li, S.F. Zhang, The effect of irradiation on Trogoderma granarium in grain and legume, Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 31(4) (2004) 377-382.
11
[12] A.M. Nouri Ghanbalani, F. Hosseini Yaghmaei, Plant resistance to insects. Mashhad University Publishing Jahad, (1995) 262.
12
[13] B.S. Park, S.E. Lee, W.S. Choi, C.Y. Jeong, Ch. Song, K.Y. Cho, Insecticidal and acaricidal activity of piperonaline and piperoctadecalidine derived from dried fruits of Piper longum L, Crop Protection, 21 (2002) 249-251.
13
[14] M. Hasan, M. Sagheer, E. Ullah, F. Ahmad, W. Wakil, Insecticidal activity of different doses of acorus calamus oil against trogoderma granarium (EVERTS), Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 43 (1-2) (2006).
14
[15] Gh. Tayoub, A. Abu Alnaser, I. Ghanem, Fumigant activity of leaf essential oil from Myrtus communis L. against the Khapra Beetle, International Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2 (1) (2012) 207-213.
15
[16] M. Hassan, A. Rahman Khan, Control of stored-product pests by irradiation, Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 3 (1998) 15-29.
16
[17] A.K. Sharma, R.K. Seth, Combined effect of gamma radiation and azadirachtin on growth and development of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), Current Science, 89 (2005) 1027-1031.
17
[18] M. Ahmadi, S. Moharramipour, H. Mozdarani, M. Negahban, Combined effect of gamma radiation and Perovskia atriplicifolia for the control of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, Communications in Applied Biological Sciences, 73 (3) (2008) 643-650.
18
[19] M. Negahban, S. Moharramipour, F. Sefidkon, Fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Artemisia sieberi Besser against three stored product insects, Journal of Stored Products Research, (2007) 123-128.
19
[20] B.Z. Sahaf, S. Moharramipour, Fumigant toxicity of Carum copticum and Vitex pseudo-negundo essential oils against eggs, larvae and adults of Callosobruchus maculates, Journal of Pest Science, 81 (2008) 213–220.
20
[21] S.A. Rizk, M.I. Haiba, N.H. El-Sinary, Combined effect of gamma irradiation and ten plants on potato tubermoth phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) larval mortality, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4 (10) (2001) 1228-1231.
21
[22] V.K. Mehta, G.R. Sethi, A.K. Garg, R.K. Seth, Use of ionising radiation in interaction with fumigants towards management of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), FTIC Ltd Publishing, Israel, (2007) 467-474.
22
[23] M. Ahmadi, Interaction of sublethal doses of gamma radiation and essential oils from Rosmarinus officinalis and perovskia atriplicifolia on tribolium castaneum and callosobruchus maculatus and cytogenetic studies of irradiated cells. Ph. D thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, (2008) 162.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Separation of geochemical anomalies of rare earth elements by concentration-area fractal model in Anomaly No. 5 of Saghand (Central Iran)
The studied area is situated in the Central Iran structural zone. Uranim, thorioum and REEs (Rare Earth Elements) mineralizations are hydrothermal type and metasomatic related to intrusive areas. Recognition of a geochemical anomaly from background is a basic problem in geochemical exploration. There are different kinds of methods that assist to delineate geochemical anomalies from background, ranged from the simple statistical methods to complex fractal ones. The fractal models are applicable in this branch (geochemistry) because of using all data and considering their special distributions and their new effective usage of surface geological and geochemical studies. In Saghand area, REEs show a high positive correlation with radioactive elements (uranium and thorium). Recognition of REEs’ geochemical anomalies from background was achieved using the concentration- area (C-A) fractal model by lithogeochemical data (91 samples) in the study area. (we have analyzed 15 elements and provided Ce, Y, Dy, Gd and La elements’ maps in this paper). In this method, the log-log plots of REEs were generated and their theresholds and mineralization populations were identified. The map of lithogeochemical anomalies were subsequently drawn and eventually the promising areas were identified. Furthermore, high intensive REEs geochemical anomalies were discriminated in western, NW, central, and southern parts of the study area. The REEs moderate anomalies are located in the metasomatic unitis associated with epidote and chlorite alterations in the central part of the study area. The southern anomalies of the region are located on the border where the basic dykes associated with the epidotic alterations are between metasomatic units and microdioritic ones. High intensive anomalies which are situated in the west of the studied area occurred within the metasomatic, porphyry microdioritic, and acidic volcanic rocks associated with the epidote alterations. The combinations of the geochemical and geological maps were found indicating that the radioactive element mineralization was of the metasomatite type and metasomatism was more than amphibolization and albitization. The primary rocks contain pyroclastic, diabase, porphyry dacite and gabbro has affected metasomatism and the main rock types created in the area include amphibole metasomatite, amphibole-albit metasomatite, albite metasomatite, amphibole-quartz- feldspar metasomatite, amphibole-feldspar-epidote metasomatite and amphibole-biotite-talc-chlorite-epidote metasomatite. The REEs appear as a complex with the radioactive elements in U and Th minerals (uraninite and davidite).
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_73_7af45094ac700bd6076414ad13ffd19f.pdf
2015-05-22
113
126
Rare earth elements (REEs)
Fractal modeling
Concentration-area (C-A)
Anomaly No 5 of Saghand
Central Iran
Masoumeh
Khalajmasoumi
1
مرکز پژوهش های کاربردی سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، صندوق پستی: 3174674841، البرزـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Lotfi
2
گروه زمین شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، صندوق پستی: 1667934783، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Ayoub
Memar kochebagh
3
پژوهشکده ی چرخه ی سوخت هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
peiman
Afzal
4
گروه مهندسی اکتشاف معدن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب، صندوق پستی: 4435-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Behnam
Sadeghi
5
گروه مهندسی اکتشاف معدن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب، صندوق پستی: 4435-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Khakzad
6
گروه زمین شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، صندوق پستی: 1667934783، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] A. Khakzad, Metallogeny and exploration of rare metals, Pelk Publication, (2009) 215.
1
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3
[4] C. Li, T. Ma, J. Shi, Application of a fractal method relating concentrations and distances for separation of geochemical anomalies from background, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 77 (2003) 167-175.
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6
[7] P. Afzal, A. Khakzad, P. Moarefvand, N. Rashidnejad Omran, B. Esfandiari, Y. Fadakar Alghalandis, Geochemical anomaly separation by multifractal modeling in Kahang (Gor Gor) porphyry system, Central Iran, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 104 (2010) 34-46.
7
[8] P. Afzal, Y. FadakarAlghalandis, A. Khakzad, P. Moarefvand, N. Rashidnejad Omran, Delineation of mineralization zones in porphyry Cu deposits by fractal concentration–volume modeling, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 108 (2011) 220-232.
8
[9] Z. Wang, Q. Cheng, D. Xu, Y. Dong, Fractal modeling of sphalerite banding in jinding Pb–Zn deposit, Yunnan, Southwestern China, Journal of China University of Geosciences, 19 (1) (2008) 77–84.
9
[10] E.J.M. Carranza, Geochemical anomaly and mineral prospectivity mapping in GIS, Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry, 11 (2008) 351.
10
[11] E.J.M. Carranza, E. Owusu, M. Hale, Mapping of prospectivity and estimation of number of undiscovered prospects for lode–gold, Southwestern Ashanti Belt, Ghana, Mineralium Deposita, 44 (8) (2009) 915-938.
11
[12] B. Sadeghi, P. Moarefvand, P. Afzal, A.B. Yasrebi, L. Daneshvar Saein, Application of fractal models to outline mineralized zones in the Zaghia iron ore deposit, Central Iran. J Geochem Explor, 122 (2012) 9–19.
12
[13] S. Hassanpour, P. Afzal, Application of concentration-number (CN) multifractal modelling for geochemical anomaly separation in Haftcheshmeh porphyry system, NW Iran. Arab J Geosci 6 (2013) 957–970. doi:10.1007/s12517-011-0396-2.
13
[14] S.M. Heidari, M. Ghaderi, P. Afzal, Delineating mineralized phases based on lithogeochemical data using multifractal model in Touzlar epithermal Au-Ag (Cu) deposit, NW Iran., Appl Geochem, 31 (2013) 119–132.
14
[15] A. Nazarpour, N.R. Omran, G.R. Paydar, Application of multifractal models to identify geochemical anomalies in Zarshuran Au deposit, NW Iran. Arab J Geosci, (2013) 1–13, doi: 10.1007/s12517-013-1183-z.
15
[16] P. Afzal, Dimensional fractal methods for the separation zones of porphyry deposits, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran, (2010).
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20
[21] Zuo, Renguang, Cheng, Qiuming, Xia, Qinglin, Application of fractal models to characterization of vertical distribution of geochemical element concentration, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 102(1) (2009) 37-43.
21
[22] B. Samani, Y. Talezadeh Lari, Report of the first phase of uranium exploration project in Saghand area, Report No 225 (1988).
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[23] B. Samani, Phenomena of Geology and mineralogy of uranium in Saghand (Central Iran), Report of Atomic Energy Organization, Exploration Site, No 220.
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[26] J. Ramezani, R.D. Tucker, The saghand region, central Iran: U-Pb geochronology, petrogenesis and implications for gondwana tectonics, Journal of Science, 303 (2003) 622-665.
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[29] Q. Cheng, Multifractal theory and geochemical element distribution pattern, Earth Science–Journal of China University of Geosciences, 25 (3) (2000) 311–318.
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[30] Q. Cheng, Quantifying the generalized self–similarity of spatial patterns for mineral resources assessment, Earth Science–Journal of China University of Geosciences, 29 (6) (2004) 733-743.
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[31] Q. Cheng, Singularity–generalized self–similarity–fractal spectrum (3S) models, Earth Science–Journal of China University of Geosciences, 31 (3) (2006) 337–348.
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[32] Q. Cheng, GIS–Based multifractal anomaly analysis for prediction of mineralization and mineral deposits, In: Harris, J., ed., GIS Applications in Earth Sciences, Geological Association of Canada Special Paper, (2006a) 289-300.
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[33] C.J.G. Evertz, B.B. Mandelbrot, Multifractal measures, Appendix B in: H.–O. Peitgen, H. Jurgens and D. Saupe, Chaos and Fractals, Springer–Verlag, New York, (1992) 922-953.
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34
[35] R. Zuo, E.J.M. Carranza, Q. Cheng, Fractal/multifractal modelling of geochemic exploration data, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 122 (2012) 1–3.
35
[36] H. Jafari, Uranium anomalies introducing in Deh Seyahan in 1:250000 Sirjan, land and resources journal (Lahijan), 1 (2009).
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[37] J.R. Harris, L. Wilkinson, E. Grunsky, K. Heather, J. Ayer, Techniques for analysis and visualization of lithogeochemical data with applications to the Swayze Greenstone Belt, Ontario, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 67 (1999) 301–334.
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[39] G.F. Bonham–Carter, F.P. Agterberg, D.F. Wright, Integration of geological datasets for gold exploration in Nova Scotia, Photogramm. Remote sensing, 54 (1988) 1585–1592.
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[42] A. Ziazarifi, Regional exploration of uranium in 1:50000 Tark and Onligh (East Azarbayejan), phd thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Chapter III (2008).
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[43] A. Memar Kuche Bagh, Mineralogy and Petrochemistry of a part of Saghand Area central Iran, Department of Geology St. XAVIER S College Bombay (1991).
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[44] N. Nakamura, Determination of REE, Ba, Mg, Na, and K in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 38 (1974) 757-775.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A study into the legal system governing international trade of nuclear goods
Although in the mid- twentieth century, the international community and law accepted and approved freedom of trade among nations as a fundamental principle and to enact it implemented international mechanisms and although the right of all states to peaceful uses of nuclear technology and international community duty to global development of this technology were confirmed in various international instruments, imposing some limitations and exceptions to this principle in some international documents related to the export and import of nuclear materials and broad albeit apparently judicial interpretation of the advanced nuclear states of these conditions and exceptions, led the free flow of goods in international trade to face discriminatory restrictions in practice. This caused doubt and uncertainity regarding applicability of the principle of freedom of international trade in nuclear materials. The present article focuses on the study and evaluation of the legal system of international trade of nuclear materials and its constraints within the framework of the WTO, as well as the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons rule.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_74_33078b62c73ffa16f82fe3fb9abcc554.pdf
2015-05-22
127
136
World trade organization
The nuclear non-proliferation treaty
Nuclear goods
The International Atomic Energy Agency
General agreement on tariffs and trade
Saleh
Rezaei Pishrobat
1
گروه پژوهشی حقوق هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 836-14395، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] General agreement on tariff and trade, Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Elsevier Science Publishers, 5 (the Netherlands) (1986) 51.
1
[2] General agreement on tariff and trade, Arts, I, XI, XIII (1947).
2
[3] Lutz, Struck, The safety regime concerning transboundary movement of radioactive waste and its compatibility with the trade regime of WTO, Nuclear Law Bulletin, OECD (2003) 41.
3
[4] Nuclear non proliferation treaty, Art VI, Para I (1968).
4
[5] Nuclear non proliferation treaty, Art IV, Para II (1968).
5
[6] Lutz, Struck, The safety regime concerning transboundary movement of radioactive waste and its compatibility with the trade regime of WTO, Nuclear Law Bulletin, OECD, (2003) 41.
6
[7] Lutz, Struck, The safety regime concerning transboundary movement of radioactive waste and its compatibility with the trade regime of WTO, Nuclear Law Bulletin, OECD, (2003) 42.
7
[8] Lutz, Struck, The safety regime concerning transboundary movement of radioactive waste and its compatibility with the trade regime of WTO, Nuclear Law Bulletin, OECD, (2003) 43.
8
[9] ICJ Reports, (1986) 222.
9
[10] Peter, Lindsay, Ambiguity of GATT article XXI: subte success or rampant failure, Duke Law Journal, 52 (2003) 1285.
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[11] Peter, Lindsay, Ambiguity of GATT article XXI: subte success or rampant failure, Duke Law Journal, 52 (2003) 1286.
11
[12] Lindsay Peter, The ambiguity of GATT article XXI: subtle success or rampant failure? Duke Law Journal, 52 (2003) 1312.
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[13] S. Rezaei Pishorbat, The Nuclear non proliferation treaty and right to peaceful uses of atomic energy master theses, University of Allameh Tabatavei (1375) 8-12.
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[15] Tromans Stephen, Nuclear law, Oxford and Portland (2010) 266.
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[17] Ian, Anthony e tal, Reformining nuclear export controls, SIPRI Research Report, No. 22, Oxford University Press (2006) 23.
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[18] IAEA, The additional protocol, Art II, and Anex II (1997).
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[19] www. nuclearsuppliersgroup.org.
19
[20] www. zanggercommitte.org.
20
[21] M.R. Ziyaie Bigdeli, International law of treaties, Gang Danesh Publishers (2006) 159.
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[22] M.R. Ziyaie Bigdeli, International law of treaties, Gang Danesh Publishers (2006) 59.
22
[23] IAEA INFCIRC, 209, Rev. 2, Mod: 1 (2009).
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[24] IAEA INFCIRC/254, Rev. 7 (2006).
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Neutron density study in sub-critical state with pulsed neutron source
During the cold start-up, the reactor is in sub-critical state. Therefore, the external neutron source cannot be neglected. In this research paper, the analytical solution of neutron point kinetics equations with a group of delayed neutrons in the presence of the pulsed neutron source in a pressurized-water reactor with 235U as a fuel is presented. The analytical solution is based on the expansion of the neutron density in powers of the prompt neutrons generation time. The point kinetics equations with this method are solvable for step and ramp reactivity and lead to better results compared with other analytical works, but are not solvable for sinusoidal reactivity. So, the neutron density response to sinusoidal reactivity is analyzed by using the fixed point and Lyapunov exponents method.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_75_7e5ee550b260fd335c13ec004866c188.pdf
2015-05-22
137
147
Pulsed neutron source
Prompt neutrons generation time
Lyapunov exponent
Neutron density
Rasoul
Khodabakhsh
1
گروه فیزیک، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ارومیه، صندوق پستی: 57153-165، ارومیه ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Sohrab
Behina
2
گروه فیزیک، دانشگاه صنعتی ارومیه، صندوق پستی: 16116-414، ارومیه ـ ایران
AUTHOR
Masoud
Seyedi
3
گروه فیزیک، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ارومیه، صندوق پستی: 57153-165، ارومیه ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] G.R. Keepin, Physics of reactor kinetics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, INC (1965).
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[2] W.M. Stacey, Nuclear reactor physics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, United States of America, (2001).
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3
1622-1629.
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[5] A.A. Nahla, Taylor’s series method for solving the nonlinear point kinetics equations, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 241 (2011)
6
1592-1595.
7
[6] A.E. Aboanber, A.M. El Mhlawy, Solution of two-point kinetics equations for reflected reactors using Analytical Inversion Method (AIM), Progress in Nuclear Energy, 51 (2009) 155-162.
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[7] A.A. Nahla, Generalization of the analytical exponential model to solve the point kinetics equations of Be- and D2O-moderated reactors, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 238 (2008) 2648-2653.
9
[8] T. Sathiyasheela, Sub-critical reactor kinetics analysis using incomplete gamma functions and binomial expansions, Annals of Nuclear Energy, 37 (2010) 1248-1253.
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[9] F. Zhang, W.Z. Chen, X.W. Gui, Analytic method study of point-reactor kinetic equation when cold start-up, Annals of Nuclear Energy 35 (2008) 746-749.
11
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28