ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Low Energy Neutrino Generator on the Basis of FLUKA
Detection of low-energy anti-neutrino has certain applications in science and technology. Recently, the FLUKA collaboration, so-called the PEANUT model, has been developed which is capable of simulating all neutrino flavors from the threshold up to TeV. Here, the FLUKA code will be demonstrated as a neutrino event generator, upon emphasizing the interaction of low-energy electron anti-neutrino (i.e., those coming from nuclear reactors). The results which are reported in this paper show the applicability and capability of the code to be applied for such purposes. An important feature of the FLUKA code is its potential to track several types of particles (here most of them are considered as secondaries), and also the complicated geometries which imply that the present code is a powerful tool kit for neutrino engineering applications.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_217_3f7010d71ff42cc4b84fb55945cdc24c.pdf
2018-11-22
1
8
10.24200/nst.2018.217
Neutrino Generator
Low Energy Neutrino
Fluka
H
Akhtari
hassan.akhtari.qomi@outlook.com
1
Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI
AUTHOR
M. J
Safari
mjsafari@aut.ac.ir
2
Nuclear Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University Tehran – Iran
AUTHOR
F
Abbasi Davani
3
Radiation Application Department, Nuclear Engineering Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran – Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] M. Battaglieri, R. DeVita, G. Firpo, P. Neuhold, M. Osipenko, D. Piombo, G. Ricco, M.I. Ripan, M. Taiuti, An anti–neutrino detector to monitor nuclear reactor’s power and fuel composition, Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, 617 (2010) 209-213.
1
[2] Y. Kuroda, S. Oguri, Y. Kato, R. Nakata, Y. Inoue, C. Ito, M. Minowa, A mobile antineutrino detector with plastic scintillators, Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, 690 (2012) 41-47.
2
[3] C. Andreopoulos, A. Bell, D. Bhattacharya, F. Cavanna, J. Dobson, S. Dytman, H. Gallagher, P. Guzowski, R. Hatcher, P. Kehayias, The GENIE neutrino Monte Carlo generator, Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, 614 (2010) 87-104.
3
[4] O. Lalakulich, K. Gallmeister, U. Mosel, Neutrino nucleus reactions within the GiBUU model, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 408 (2013) 012053.
4
[5] D. Casper, The nuance Neutrino Physics Simulation and the Future, Nuclear Physics B (Proc. Suppl.), 112 (2002) 161-170.
5
[6] H. Gallagher, The NEUGEN neutrino event generator, Nuclear Physics B (Proc. Suppl.), 112 (2002) 188-194.
6
[7] H. Gallagher, Neutrino event generator review, Proceedings of Science, The 2011 Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics-HEP (2011) 084-088.
7
[8] G. Battistoni, R.P. Sala, M. Lantz, A. Ferrari, G. Smirnov, Neutrino intractions with FLUKA, Conf. Proc. Neutrino Intractions: From Theory to Monte Carlo Simulation, Poland, (2009).
8
[9] G. Battistoni, A. Ferrari, M. Lantz, R.P. Sala, G. Smirnov, A neutrino-nucleon interaction generator for the FLUKA Monte Carlo code, in: Cerutti F, Ferrari A. (Eds.) 12th International Conference on Nuclear Reaction Mechanism, CERN, Varenna (Italy), Villa Monastero, (2009).
9
[10] J.A. Formaggio, G.P. Zeller, From eV to EeV: Neutrino cross sections across energy scales, Review of Modern Physics, 84 (2012) 1307-1341.
10
[11] P. Vogel, J. Beacom, Angular distribution of neutron inverse beta decay, νe+p→e++n, Physical Review D, 60 (1999) 053003-1.
11
[12] G.F.J. Hernández, Some aspects of neutrino phenomenology, Instituto de Física Teórica, MSc. Thesis (2011).
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis of Thermal Conductivity Degradation in Irradiated UO2 Fuel Due to Porosity Formation at High Burnup
One of the factors that changes the UO2 fuel thermal conductivity is the generated porosity in the fuel due to increasing burnup. At high burnups, the structure known as rim region, is created. This is due to the Xe depletion process from the fuel matrix, porosity formation, and fuel grain recrystallization, which in turn change the fuel thermal conductivity. In this paper by the use of existing low temperature high burnup fission gaseous swelling model with the progressive recrystallization for UO2 fuel, the matrix swelling terms are calculated and the evolution of the total volume porosity up to burnup of 120 MWd/kgU is estimated. For the study the effect of porosity formation on the irradiated UO2 thermal conductivity, the HALDEN correlation of the thermal conductivity is selected. Then, a porosity correction factor is developed based on an assumption that the fuel morphology is a three-phase type consisting of the pores, with no contribution to the matrix swelling and large pores due to intergranular bubbles with the contribution to matrix swelling dispersed in the fully dense material, composed of UO2 matrix and solid fission products. The predicted thermal conductivity, based on the present porosity correction factor, demonstrates an additional degradation of 25% due to porosity formation at the burnup levels around 120 MWd/kgU causing an increase in the fuel temperature.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_218_ce95904d410f71c51ec54bb12227a749.pdf
2018-11-22
9
20
10.24200/nst.2018.218
Thermal Conductivity Degradation
Irradiated Fuel
Porosity
Matrix Swelling
B
Roostaii
broostaii@aeoi.org.ir
1
Nuclear Reactor and Safety Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI
AUTHOR
H
Kazeminejad
2
Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI
LEAD_AUTHOR
S
Khakshournia
3
Physics and Accelerators Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI
AUTHOR
[1] J. Rest, An alternative explanation for evidence that xenon depletion, pore formation, and grain subdivision begin at different local burnups, J. Nucl. Mater., 277 (2000) 231-238.
1
[2] J. Rest, A model for the effect of the progression of irradiation-induced recrystallization from initiation to completion on swelling of UO2 and U–10Mo nuclear fuels, J. Nucl. Mater., 346 (2005) 226–232.
2
[3] J. Rest, Derivation of analytical expressions for the network dislocation density, change in lattice parameter, and for the recrystallized grain size in nuclear fuels, J. Nucl. Mater., 349 (2006) 150–159.
3
[4] J. Rest, G. Kagana, A Physical description of fission product behavior in fuels for advanced power reactors, ANL-07/24, Argonne National Laboratory, ( 2007) 21-26.
4
[5] J. Rest, editor: Rudy J.M. Konings, Comp. Nucl. Mater., Vol. 3, Elsevier (2012) 579-627.
5
[6] A.L. Loeb, Thermal Conductivity: VIII, A theory of thermal conductivity of porous materials, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc, 37 (1954) 96-99.
6
[7] H. Kampf, G. Karsten, Effects of different types of void volume on the radial temperature distribution of fuel pins, Nucl. Appl. Technol, 9 (1970) 288-300.
7
[8] J. Rest, The DART Dispersion Analysis Research Tool: A Mechanistic Model for Predicting Fission-Product-Induced Swelling of Aluminum Dispersion Fuels, AN L-95/36, (1995).
8
[9] M. Owaki, N. Ikatsu, K. Ohira, N. Itagaki, Development of a fuel rod thermal-mechanical analysis code for high burn up, IAEA-TECDOC-1233, Session 6 (2000) 375-385.
9
[10] B.H. LEE, Y.H. KOO, D.S. SOHN, Rim characteristics and their effects on the thermal conductivity in high burnup UO2 fuel, J. Nucl. Sci. Tech, 38 (2001) 45-52.
10
[11] M. Lemes, A. Soba, A. Denis, An empirical formulation to describe the evolution of the high burnup structure, J. Nucl. Engin. Tech, 456 (2015) 174-181.
11
[12] J. Spino, A.D. Stalios, H. Santa Cruz, D. Baron, Stereological evolution of the rim structure in PWR-fuels at prolonged irradiation: Dependencies with burnup and temperature, J. Nucl. Mater., 354 (2006) 66-84.
12
[13] J. Spino, J. Rest, W. Goll, C.T. Walker, Matrix swelling rate and cavity volume balance of UO2 fuels at high burnup, J. Nucl. Mater., 346 (2005) 131-144.
13
[14] W. Wiesenack, Assessment of UO2 conductivity degradation based on in-pile temperature data, Proc. Int. Topi. Mtg. LWR fuel performance, Portland, Oregon, (1997) 507.
14
[15] D.R. Olander, Fundamental aspects of nuclear fuel elements, Technical Information Center & Energy Research and Development Administration (publisher), USA, (1976) 193-194.
15
[16] J. Rest, A model for the influence of microstructure, precipitate pinning and fission gas behavior on irradiation-induced recrystal-lization of nuclear fuels, J. Nucl. Mater., 346 (2004) 175-184.
16
[17] Y. Cui, S. Ding, Z. Chen, Y. Huo, Modifications and applications of the mechanistic gaseous swelling model for UMo fuel, J. Nucl. Mater., 457 (2015) 157-164.
17
[18] C. Ronchi, M. Sheindlin, D. Staicu, M. Kinoshita, Effect of burn-up on the thermal conductivity of uranium dioxide up to 100.000 MWd/t, J. Nucl. Mater., 327 (2004) 58-76.
18
[19] DL. Hagrman, GA. Reymann, MATPRO version 11-A, Handbook of materials properties for use in the analysis of light water reactor fuel rod behavior, 3rd edn. TREENUREC-1280, Adv. Inorg. Chem, (1979).
19
[20] J. Rest, A microstructurally-based model for the evolution of irradiation-induced recrystallization in U-Mo monolithic and Al-dispersion fuels, RERTR-2004 International Meeting on Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors, USA, Argonne National Laboratory, (2004) 17.
20
[21] C.T. Walker, D. Staicu, M. Sheindlin, D. Papaioannou, W. Goll, F. Sontheimer, On the thermal conductivity of UO2 nuclear fuel at a high burnup of around 100 MWd/kgHM, J. Nucl. Mater., 350 (2006) 19-39.
21
[22] M.L. Bleiberg, R.M. Berman, B. Lustman, Effects of high burn-up on oxide ceramic fuels, in symp. on radiation damage in solid and reactor materials, Proc. Series, IAEA, Venice, (1963) 319.
22
[23] C.B. Lee, J.G. Bang, D.H. Kim, Y.H. Jung, Development of irradiated UO2 thermal conductivity model, IAEA-TECDOC-1233, (2000) 363-371.
23
[24] R. Brandt, J. Neuer, Thermal conductivity and thermal radiation properties of UO2, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn., 1 (1976) 3-23.
24
[25] B. Roostaii, H. Kazeminejad, S.Khakshournia, Influence of porosity formation on irradiated UO2 fuel thermal conductivity at high burnup, J. Nucl. Mater., 479 (2016) 374-381.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Generation of Nonlinear Currents and Helicon Waves in a Semiconductor Quantum Plasma
In this paper, an analytical investigation has been presented on the excitation of nonlinear current densities and helicon waves resulting from the interaction of the electromagnetic pump waves in a semiconductor quantum plasma. For this parpose, a system of modified fluid equations has been used to find the nonlinear response of electrons in the semiconductor in the presence of an external magnetic field. It is shown that due to the interaction of two electromagnetic pump waves in the semiconductor medium, a pondermotive force at the beating frequency becomes finite and generates a helicon wave. Furthermore, the power carried by the excited helicon wave is calculated and evaluated relative to the typical parameters of a solid state plasma medium. The results indicate that the power of the excited wave gradually increases with the external magnetic field, as well as, the equilibrium density of the carriers, and decreases by the electron-phonon collision frequency.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_219_448b9f79fbb1d4c06411dda2e045ce6a.pdf
2018-11-22
21
27
10.24200/nst.2018.219
Nonlinear Currents
Semiconductor Plasma
Helicon Wave
A
Mehramiz
mehramiz@sci.ikiu.ac.ir
1
Physics Department, Factually of Science, Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin – Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
B
Rajabi
behnamrajabi71@gmail.com
2
Physics Department, Factually of Science, Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin – Iran
AUTHOR
[1] P.K. Gupta, P.K. Sen, The role of electrostriction on parametric dispersion and amplification in doped piezoelectric semi-conductors, Nonlinear Optics-Reading, 26, 4 (2001) 361-377.
1
[2] S. Ghosh, G.R. Sharma, P. Khare, M. Salimullah, Modified interactions of longitudinal phonon–plasmon in magnetized piezoelectric semiconductor plasmas, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 351, 1 (2004) 163-170.
2
[3] S. Ghosh, G. Sharma, M. Salimullah, Dispersion and absorption of Alfven wave in ion-implanted group-IV semiconductor, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 355, 1 (2005) 37-43.
3
[4] G. Sharma, S. Ghosh, Optical parameters of a magnetized space-charge neutral group IV semiconductor, Journal of Applied Physics, 91, 8 (2002) 4910-4916.
4
[5] G. Sharma, S. Ghosh, Optical parameters of a magnetized semiconductor plasma with nonparabolic band structure, Journal of Applied Physics, 89, 9 (2001) 4741-4746.
5
[6] R.W. Boswell, Very efficient plasma generation by whistler waves near the lower hybrid frequency, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 26, 10 (1984) 1147.
6
[7] F.F. Chen, Experiments on helicon plasma sources, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 10, 4 (1992) 1389-1401.
7
[8] R.W. Boswell, F.F. Chen, Helicons-the early years, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 25, 6 (1997) 1229-1244.
8
[9] P.A. Markowich, C.A. Ringhofer, C. Schmeiser, Semiconductor Equations, Springer-Verlag Wien New York (1990).
9
[10] Y.D. Jung, Quantum-mechanical effects on electron–electron scattering in dense high-temperature plasmas, Physics of Plasmas, 8, 8 (2001) 3842-3844.
10
[11] G.V. Shpatakovskaya, Semiclassical model of a one-dimensional quantum dot, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 102, 3 (2006) 466-474.
11
[12] L. Wei, Y.N. Wang, Quantum ion-acoustic waves in single-walled carbon nanotubes studied with a quantum hydrodynamic model. Physical Review B., 75, 19 (2007) 193407.
12
[13] K. Becker, A. Koutsospyros, S.M. Yin, C. Christodoulatos, N. Abramzon, J.C. Joaquin, G. Brelles-Marino, Environmental and biological applications of microplasmas, Plasma physics and controlled fusion, 47, 12B (2005) B513.
13
[14] M. Opher, L.O. Silva, D.E. Dauger, V.K Decyk, J.M. Dawson, Nuclear reaction rates and energy in stellar plasmas: The effect of highly damped modes, Physics of Plasmas, 8, 5 (2001) 2454-2460.
14
[15] A. Mehramiz, J. Mahmoodi, S. Sobhanian, Approximation method for a spherical bound system in the quantum plasma, Physics of Plasmas, 17, 8 (2010) 082110.
15
[16] I. Zeba, C. Uzma, M. Jamil, M. Salimullah, P.K. Shukla, Colloidal crystal formation in a semiconductor quantum plasma, Physics of Plasmas, 17, 3 (2010) 032105.
16
[17] A. Muley, S. Ghosh, Effect of quantum parameter–H on longitudinal electro–kinetic wave characteristic in magnetized semi-conductor plasma, International journal of engineering sciences & research., 4, 2 (2015) 88-95.
17
[18] S. Ghosh, A. Muley, Novel modes of longitudinal electrokinetic waves in semi-conductor quantum plasmas, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Materials., (2014) 1-7.
18
[19] K.P. Maheshwari, G. Tarey, Resonant excitation of helicon waves by two microwave beams in a solid state plasma, physica status solidi (b), 133, 1 (1986) 417-423.
19
[20] M.S. Sodha, A.K. Ghatak, V.K. Tripathi, Self Focusing of Laser Beams, New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill Publ. Co. (1974) .
20
[21] A. F. Aleksandrov, L.S. Bogdankevich, A.A. Rukhadze, Principles of plasma electro-dynamics, Moscow Izdatel Vysshaia Shkola. (1978).
21
[22] V.L. Ginzburg, Propagation of Electro-magnetic Waves in Plasma, New York, Gordon & Breach. (1960).
22
[23] A.A. Mamun, M.N. Alam, Excitation of Alfven waves at the difference frequency of two microwave beams in a highly collisional magnetoactive compensated semiconductor, Physical Review B, 45, 11 (1992) 5868.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A System Dynamics Model for Inventory Decisions in Radionuclide Generators
A system dynamics model for simulating radionuclide generators inventory management decisions is presented in this research report. The radiopharmaceutical is generated gradually from another radioactive element, so called mother element in the radionuclide generators, and after each extraction of the produced radioactive material, so called elution, the radiopharmaceutical is produced in the proportion of the residue from the mother element. Based on the remained mother element, production time dependence, mutual interaction of variables, nonlinear distribution function, and reproduction, lead to the incremental complexity of the mathematical model and cause the model making affair harder in common place operation research methods. In the proposed model appeared in this report, the above-mentioned factors are modeled and due to the nature of system dynamics models' development and the possibility of developing the boundary of the model, the feasibility of utilizing the model, as a basic one, in more complex modeling affairs is presented. The model behavior re-production tests and the system dynamics' extreme conditions, illustrate the validity of the proposed model. Ultimately, in this paper, several scenarios for the productivity raise are illustrated and twenty five percent improvement has been shown compared to the conventional models.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_220_390e6e6ac517e75454f9ce602e39affa.pdf
2018-11-22
28
43
10.24200/nst.2018.220
System Dynamics Model
Radiopharmaceutical
Radionuclide Generator
Technetium-99m
M
Ghadimi
mghadimi@ind.iust.ac.ir
1
School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology-Tehran-Iran
AUTHOR
M. A
Shafia
omidshafia@gmail.com
2
School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology-Tehran-Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. S
Pishvaee
pishvaee@iust.ac.ir
3
School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology-Tehran-Iran
AUTHOR
B
Fallahi
bfallahi@sina.tums.ac.ir
4
Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Dr Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran-Iran
AUTHOR
[1] S.G. Johnson, A Patient's Guide to Nuclear Medicine Procedures: English–Spanish, (2008) 169-169.
1
[2] A. Dash, , FFR. Knapp Jr, M.R.A. Pillai, Industrial radionuclide generators: a potential step towards accelerating radiotracer investigations in industry, RSC Advances 3, 35 (2013) 14890-14909.
2
[3] International Atomic Energy Agency, Technetium-99m Radiopharmaceuticals: Manufacture of Kits, Technical Reports Series, 466, IAEA, Vienna (2008).
3
[4] R. Begum, S.K. Sahu, An EOQ model for deteriorating items quadratic demand and shortages, Int. J. Inventory Control Manage, 2, 2 (2012) 257-268.
4
[5] J. Pahl, S. Voß, Integrating deterioration and lifetime constraints in production and supply chain planning: A survey, European Journal of Operational Research, 238, 3 (2014) 654-674.
5
[6] F. Raafat, Survey of literature on continuously deteriorating inventory models, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 42, 1 (1991) 27-37.
6
[7] M. Ghannadi Maraghe, M. Najafi, A. Majdabadi, K. Gharibadi, A. Gharib, Nuclear Energy, Taher, Tehran (2010).
7
[8] S. K. Goyal, B.Ch. Giri, Recent trends in modeling of deteriorating inventory, European Journal of operational research, 134, 1 (2001) 1-16.
8
[9] M. Bakker, J. Riezebos, R.H. Teunter, Review of inventory systems with deterioration since 2001, European Journal of Operational Research, 221, 2 (2012) 275-284.
9
[10] L. Janssen, Th. Claus, J. Sauer, Literature review of deteriorating inventory models by key topics from 2012 to 2015, International Journal of Production Economics, 182 (2016) 86-112.
10
[11] P.M. Ghare, G.F. Schrader, A model for exponentially decaying inventory, Journal of industrial Engineering, 14, 5 (1963) 238-243.
11
[12] R.P. Covert, G.C. Philip, An EOQ model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration, AIIE transactions, 5, 4 (1973) 323-326.
12
[13] G.C. Philip, A generalized EOQ model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration, AIIE Transactions, 6, 2 (1974) 159-162.
13
[14] A.K. Jalan, R.R. Giri, K.S. Chaudhuri, EOQ model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration, shortages and trended demand, International Journal of Systems Science, 27, 9 (1996) 851-855.
14
[15] T. Chakrabarty, B.C. Giri, K.S. Chaudhuri, An EOQ model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration, shortages and trended demand: an extension of Philip's model, Computers & Operations Research, 25, 7 (1998) 649-657.
15
[16] J-W. Wu, Ch. Lin, B. Tan, W-Ch. Lee, An EOQ inventory model with ramp type demand rate for items with Weibull deterioration, International Journal of Information and Management Sciences, 10, 3 (1999) 41-51.
16
[17] J-W. Wu, Ch. Lin, B. Tan, W-Ch. Lee, An EOQ inventory model with time-varying demand and Weibull deterioration with shortages, International Journal of systems science, 31, 6 (2000) 677-683.
17
[18] K-S. Wu, An EOQ inventory model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration, ramp type demand rate and partial backlogging, Production Planning & Control, 12, 8 (2001) 787-793.
18
[19] K.Sh. Wu, EOQ inventory model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration, time-varying demand and partial backlogging, International Journal of Systems Science, 33, 5 (2002) 323-329.
19
[20] K-Sh. Wu, Deterministic inventory model for items with time varying demand, Weibull distribution deterioration and shortages, Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research, 12, 1 (2002) 61-72.
20
[21] B.Ch. Giri, A.K. Jalan, K.S. Chaudhuri, Economic order quantity model with Weibull deterioration distribution, shortage and ramp-type demand, International Journal of Systems Science, 34, 4 (2003) 237-243.
21
[22] K. Skouri, S. Papachristos, Four inventory models for deteriorating items with time varying demand and partial backlogging: A cost comparison, Optimal Control Applications and Methods, 24, 6 (2003) 315-330.
22
[23] S.K. Ghosh, K.S. Chaudhuri, An order-level inventory model for a deteriorating item with Weibull distribution deterioration, time-quadratic demand and shortages, Advanced Modeling and Optimization, 6, 1 (2004) 21-35.
23
[24] S.K. Ghosh, K.S. Chaudhuri, An EOQ model with a quadratic demand, time-proportional deterioration and shortages in all cycles, International Journal of Systems Science, 37, 10 (2006) 663-672.
24
[25] S. Mukhopadhyay, R.N. Mukherjee, K.S. Chaudhuri, An EOQ model with two-parameter Weibull distribution deterioration and price-dependent demand, International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 36, 1 (2005) 25-33.
25
[26] P. Shaohua Deng, Improved inventory models with ramp type demand and Weibull deterioration, International journal of information and management sciences, 16, 4 (2005) 79-86.
26
[27] H.M. Wee, Sh.T. Law, J. Yu, Collaboration inventory system with limited resources and Weibull distribution deterioration, Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, 6,1 (2007) 1-10.
27
[28] A. Al-Khedhairi, L. Tadj, Optimal control of a production inventory system with Weibull distributed deterioration, Applied mathematical sciences, 1, 35 (2007) 1703-1714.
28
[29] S.T. Lo, H.M. Wee, W.Ch. Huang, An integrated production-inventory model with imperfect production processes and Weibull distribution deterioration under inflation, International Journal of Production Economics, 106, 1 (2007) 248-260.
29
[30] K. Skouri, I.K.S. Papachristos, I. Ganas, Inventory models with ramp type demand rate, partial backlogging and Weibull deterioration rate, European Journal of Operational Research, 192, 1 (2009) 79-92.
30
[31] T. Roy, K. S. Chaudhuri, An inventory model for Weibull distribution deterioration under price-dependent demand and partial backlogging with opportunity cost due to lost sales, International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control, 13, 1-2 (2011) 56-66.
31
[32] E.K. Muluneh, K. Srinivasa Rao, Optimal Pricing and Production Scheduling Policies for an Inventory Model with Stock Dependent Production and Weibull Decay, International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology, 17, 1 (2013) 60.
32
[33] A. Bhunia, A. Shaikh, A deterministic inventory model for deteriorating items with selling price dependent demand and three-parameter Weibull distributed deterioration, International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 5, 3 (2014) 497-510.
33
[34] S. Nahmias, Perishable inventory systems, 160, Springer Science & Business Media, (2011).
34
[35] R.C. Baker, T.L. Urban, Deterministic fixed order-level inventory models: An application for replenishment of radioactive source material for irradiation sterilizers, European journal of operational research, 50, 3 (1991) 249-256.
35
[36] C. Als, Optimizing patient throughput in nuclear medicine: a semi-quantitative tool for scheduling bone scintigraphy, European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 34, 12 (2007) 2145-2146.
36
[37] I. Akrotirianakis, A. Chakraborty, An optimization-based approach for delivering radio-pharmaceuticals to medical imaging centers.
37
[38] H. Emmons, A replenishment model for radioactive nuclide generators, Management Science, 14, 5 (1968) 263-274.
38
[39] P. Mella, Systems thinking: intelligence in action, 2, Springer Science & Business Media, (2012).
39
[40] L.M. Filzen, L.R. Ellingson, A.M. Paulsen, J.C. Hung, Potential ways to address shortage situations of 99Mo/99mTc, Journal of nuclear medicine technology, 45, 1 (2017) 1-5.
40
[41] National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Molybdenum-99 for medical imaging, National Academies Press, (2016).
41
[42] D.L. Bailey, J. L. Huum, A. Todd-Pokropek, A.V. Aswegen, Nuclear medicine physics: a handbook for teachers and students. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), (2014).
42
[43] R.G. Bennett, J.D. Christian, D.A. Petti, W.K. Terry, S.B. Grover, A System of 99 m Tc Production Based on Distributed Electron Accelerators and Thermal Separation, Nuclear Technology, 126, 1 (1999) 102-121.
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[44] B.G. Saha, Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine. Springer Science & Business Media, (2010).
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[45] J.D. Sterman, Business dynamics: systems thinking and modeling for a complex world, No. HD30. 2 S7835 2000. 2000.
45
[46] M. Ahmad, Molybdenum-99/technetium-99m management: race against time, Annals of nuclear medicine, 25, 9 (2011) 677-679.
46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Performance of Commercially Available Nanofilter Membranes in Selective Separation of Uranium (VI) Ions from Iron (III)
Performance of Three commercially available nanofilter membranes (PES-2 , NF-1 and NF-2) in terms of rejection, permeate flux, and membrane selectivity under a variety of operational conditions was evaluated for selective separation of uranium (VI) ions from iron (III). The membranes permeate fluxes were decreased with an increase in the pH range of 3-6, while the rejection of ions was increased. Uranium rejection with these membranes was lower than iron rejection and the PES-2 and NF-1 membranes had the maximum membrane selectivity of iron over uranium at pH 4. The maximum membrane selectivity of NF-2, however, was 2.97 at pH 3. The PES-2 membrane had the maximum iron rejection of 72.25% at the pressure 10 bar. For NF-1 the rejection of iron and uranium was found to be relatively constant (about 97% and 84%, respectively) against increasing the pressure. As the pressure increased from 5 to 20 bar, iron rejection by NF-2 was remained constant (about 97%) but uranium rejection by this membrane was decreased from 84.06% to 70.46%. It was found that the effect of increasing the iron concentration from 0.12 to 1mM on the behavior of these membranes is different. The maximum membrane selectivity of uranium over iron by the NF-1 and NF-2 membranes was 43.71 and 13.59, respectively, which showed that NF-1 has a very desirable performance. It seams that the relatively new process of nanofiltration has a good potential for selective separation of uranium from iron.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_221_dbb3a621729a21e528c6bb6a4dd8644d.pdf
2018-11-22
44
56
10.24200/nst.2018.221
Nanofilter Membranes
Separation
Uranium
Iron
M
Ghasemi Torkabad
1
Materials and Nuclear Fuel Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI
AUTHOR
A. R
Keshtkar
akeshtkar@aeoi.org.ir
2
Materials and Nuclear Fuel Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI
LEAD_AUTHOR
J
Safdari
jsafdari@aeoi.org.ir
3
Materials and Nuclear Fuel Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI
AUTHOR
[1] C.R. Edwards, A.J. Oliver, Uranium Processing: A Review of Current Methods and Technology, JOM, 52 (2000) 12-20.
1
[2] E.S.A. Nouh, M. Amin, M. Gouda, A. Abd-Elmagid, Extraction of uranium(VI) from sulfate leach liquor after iron removal using manganese oxide coated zeolite, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 3 (2015) 523–528.
2
[3] Uranium Extraction Technology, IAEA, Vienna, (1993) 380.
3
[4] P.A. Riveros, The extraction of Fe(III) using cation-exchange carboxylic resins, Hydrometallurgy, 72 (2004) 279-290.
4
[5] S. Cheraghpour, S.A. Milani, M. Salari, M. Kiaee, Separation of Fe (III) Ions from Acidic Leach Liquor of Metasummatite Saghand Ore by Anion Exchange Resins, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 45 (2008) 28-32.
5
[6] B.A.M. Al-Rashdi, D.J. Johnson, N. Hilal, Removal of heavy metal ions by nanofiltration, Desalination, 315 (2013) 2-17.
6
[7] J. Tanninen, S. Platt, A. Weis, M. Nyström, Long-term acid resistance and selectivity of NF membranes in very acidic conditions, Journal of Membrane Science., 240 (2004) 11–18.
7
[8] B. Van der Bruggena, M. Manttari, M. Nystrom, Drawbacks of applying nanofiltration and how to avoid them: A review, Separation and Purification Technology, 63 (2008) 251-263.
8
[9] M. Ghasemi Torkabad, A.R. Keshtkar, S.J. Safdari, A. Zaheri, H. Sohbatzadeh, Investigation of Effect of Main Parameter in Nanofiltration Membrane Process for Uranium Ions Separation from Aqueous Solution, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 79 (2017) 75-85.
9
[10] L.F. Greenlee, D.F. Lawler, B.D. Freeman, B. Marrot, P. Moulin, Reverse osmosis desalination: Water sources, technology, and today’s challenges, Water Research, 43 (2009) 2317-2348.
10
[11] A. Favre-Reguillon, G. Lebuzit, D. Murat, J. Foos, C. Mansour, M. Draye, Selective removal of dissolved uranium in drinking water by nanofiltration, Water Research, 42 (2008) 1160-1166.
11
[12] P. Schmidt, T. Köse, P. Lutze, Characterisation of organic solvent nanofiltration membranes in multi-component mixtures: Membrane rejection maps and membrane selectivity maps for conceptual process design, Journal of Membrane Science, 429 (2013) 103-120.
12
[13] F. Chang, W. Liu, X. Wang, Comparison of polyamide nanofiltration and low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes on As(III) rejection under various operational conditions, Desalination, 334 (2014) 10–16.
13
[14] H.M.A. Rossiter, M.C. Graham, A.I. Schäfer, Impact of speciation on behaviour of uranium in a solar powered membrane system for treatment of brackish groundwater, Separation and Purification Technology, 71 (2010) 89-96.
14
[15] A. Favre-Reguillon, G. Lebuzit, J. Foos, A. Guy, A. Sorin, M. Lemaire, M. Draye, Selective Rejection of Dissolved Uranium Carbonate from Seawater Using Cross-Flow Filtration Technology, Separation Science and Technology, 40 (2005) 623-631.
15
[16] G.T. Ballet, L. Gzara, A. Hafiane, M. Dhahbi, Transport coefficients and cadmium salt rejection in nanofiltration membrane, Desalination, 167 (2004) 369-376.
16
[17] J. Fang, B. Deng, Rejection and modeling of arsenate by nanofiltration: Contributions of convection, diffusion and electromigration to arsenic transport, Journal of Membrane Science, 453 (2014) 42–51.
17
[18] C.V. Gherasim, J. Cuhorka, P. Mikulášek, Analysis of lead(II) retention from single salt and binary aqueous solutions by apolyamide nanofiltration membrane: Experimental results and modelling, Journal of Membrane Science, 436 (2013) 132–144.
18
[19] W. Zuo, G. Zhang, Q. Meng, H. Zhang, Characteristics and application of multiple membrane process in plating wastewater reutilization, Desalination, 222 (2008) 187–196.
19
[20] C.V. Gherasim, P. Mikulášek, Influence of operating variables on the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by nanofiltration, Desalination, 343 (2014) 67-74.
20
[21] G. Artug, Modelling and Simulation of Nanofiltration Membranes, Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen, (2007) 248.
21
[22] Treatment of liquid effluent from uranium mines and mills, IAEA, (2004) 27-44.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Extraction and Transport of Thorium(IV) by Polymer Inclusion Membranes Incorporating Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phosporic Acid as the Carrier Extractant
Extraction and transport of thorium (IV) from nitrate solutions was investigated using polymer inclusion membrane (PIM), based on di(-2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). This study investigates the influence of the main system parameters (i.e., pH of donor phase, type and concentration of acid in acceptor phases, percentage of D2EHPA in the membrane, initial Th(IV) concentration) on the extraction and transport process by means of batch method. The transport factor of Th(IV) as high as 94.81% were recorded using a membrane composed of 45% D2EHPA, and 55% PVC (w/w) from a solution containing 112 mg L-1 Th(IV) in 0.0158 mol L-1 HNO3 (pH 1.8) into a solution containing 3 mol L-1 H2SO4.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_222_6d588fb143444d0c05e8897d42613109.pdf
2018-11-22
57
67
10.24200/nst.2018.222
Extraction and Transport of Th(IV)
Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM)
D2EHPA
PVC
H. R
Arabi
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Tehran University-Tehran- Iran
AUTHOR
S
A. Milani
2
پژوهشکدهی مواد و سوخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
H
Abolghasemi
hoab@ut.ac.ir
3
دانشکدهی مهندسی شیمی، پردیس دانشکدههای فنی دانشگاه تهران، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] M. Fujita, Y. Ide, D. Sato, P.S. Kench, Y. Kuwahara, H. Yokoki, Heavy metal contamination of coastal lagoon sediments: Fongafale Islet, Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu, Chemosphere., 95 (2014) 628-634.
1
[2] T.S. Anirudhan, S. Rijith, A. R. Tharun, Adsorptive removal of thorium(IV) from aqueous solutions using poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/bentonite composite matrix: Process design and equi-librium studies, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects., 368 (2010)13-22.
2
[3] S.S. Ahluwalia, D. Goyal, Microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater, Bioresource Technology, 98 (2007) 2243-2257.
3
[4] A. Mellah, S. Chegrouche, M. Barkat, The removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon: Kinetic and thermodynamic investigations, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 296 (2007) 434-441.
4
[5] A.M. St John, R.W. Cattrall, S.D. Kolev, Extraction of uranium(VI) from sulfate solutions using a polymer inclusion membrane containing di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, Journal of Membrane Science, 364 (2010) 354–361.
5
[6] S. Kolev, Y. Baba, R. Cattrall, T. Tasaki,
6
N. Pereira, J. Perera, G. Stevens, Solid phase extraction of zinc(II) using a PVC-based polymer inclusion membrane with di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as the carrier., Talanta, 78, 3 (2009) 795-799.
7
[7] C.V. Gherasim, G. Bourceanu, D. Timpu, Experimental and modeling studies of lead (II) sorption onto a polyvinyl-chloride inclusion membrane, Chem. Eng. Journal, 172 (2011) 817-827.
8
[8] A. St John, R. Cattrall, S. Kolev,Transport and separation of uranium(VI) by a polymer inclusion membrane based on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid. Journal of Membrane Science, 409-410 (2012) 242-250.
9
[9] J. Konczyk, C. Kozlowski, W. Walkowiak, Removal Of Chromium(III) From Acidic Aqueous Solution By Polymer Inclusion Membranes With D2EHPA And Aliquat 336. Desalination, 263(1-3) (2010) 211-216.
10
[10] C.V. Gherasim, G. Bourceanu, R.I. Olariu,
11
C. Arsene, A Novel Polymer Inclusion Membrane Applied In Chromium (VI) Separation From Aqueous Solutions, Journal of Hazardous Materials 197 (2011) 244-253.
12
[11] Ali Tor, Gulsin Arslan, Harun Muslu, Ahmet Celiktas, Yunus Cengeloglu, Mustafa Ersoz, Facilitated Transport Of Cr(III) Through Polymer Inclusion Membrane With Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid (DEHPA), Journal of Membrane Science 329 (1-2) (2009) 169-174.
13
[12] N. Kavitha, K. Palanivelu, Recovery of copper(II) through polymer inclusion membrane with di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid as carrier from E-waste, Journal of membrane science, 415-416 (2012) 663-669.
14
[13] C.A. Kozlowski, T. Girek, W.Walkowiak, J. J. Kozio, Application of hydrophobic β-cyclodextrin polymer in separation of metal ions by plasticized membranes, Separation and Purification Technology, 46 (2005) 136–144.
15
[14] C.A. Kozlowski, J. Kozlowska, W. Pellowski, W. Walkowiak, Separation of cobalt-60, strontium-90, and cesium-137 radioisotopes by competitive transport across polymer inclusion membranes with organophosphorous acids, Desalination,198 ( 2006) 141–148.
16
[15] S. Kolev, Y. Baba, R. Cattrall, T. Tasaki, N. Pereira, J. Perera, G. Stevens, Solid phase extraction of zinc(II) using a PVC-based polymer inclusion membrane with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as the carrier, Talanta, 78, 3 (2009) 795-799.
17
[16] L. Zhang, R. Cattrall, S. Kolev, The use of a polymer inclusion membrane in flow injection analysis for the on-line separation and determination of zinc, Talanta, 84, 5 (2011) 1278-1283.
18
[17] C.V. Gherasim, G. Bourceanu, D. Timpu, Experimental and modeling studies of lead (II) sorption onto a polyvinyl-chloride inclusion membrane, Chem. Eng. Journal, 172 (2011) 817-827.
19
[18] M. Shirzad, S.A. Milani, H. Abolghasemi, Recovery and Transport of Cobalt(II) by a Polymer Inclusion Membrane Based on Dinonylnaphtalenesulfonic Acid, Journal of Separation Science and Engineering, 6, 1 (2014) 57-65.
20
[19] B. Mahanty, P. K. Mohapatra, D. R. Raut, D. K. Das, P. G. Behere, M. Afzal, W. Verboom, Polymer Inclusion Membrane Containing a Tripodal Diglycolamide Ligand: Actinide Ion Uptake and Transport Studies, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 55, 7 (2016) 2202–2209.
21
[20] M. Eskandari Nasab, A. Sam, S.A. Milani, Determination of optimum process conditions for the separation of thorium and rare earth elements by solvent extraction, Hydrometallurgy, 106, 3–4 (2011) 141–147.
22
[21] Y. Yildiz, A. Manzak, B. Aydýn, O. Tutkun, preparation and application of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) including Aamine 336 for extraction of metals from an aqueous solution, Materiali in tehnologije / Materials and technology, 48, 5 (2014) 791–796.
23
[22] M. Xiaorong, W. Conghui, Z. Pan, X. Xiaoqiang, W. Lei, Transport and selectivity of indium through polymer inclusion membrane in hydrochloric acid medium, Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 11(6) (2017).
24
[23] E.L. Zebroski, H.W. Alter, F.K. Heumann; Thorium Complexes with Chloride, Fluoride, Nitrate, Phosphate and Sulfate; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73 (1951) 5646-5650.
25
[24] B. Gupta, P. Malik, A. Deep, Extraction of uranium, thorium and lanthanides using Cyanex-923: Their separations and recovery from monazite, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 252 (2002) 451-456.
26
[25] L. Cromières, V. Moulin, B. Fourest, R. Guillaumont, E. Giffaut, Sorption of Thorium onto Hematite Colloids, Radiochim. Acta., 82(1998) 249-256.
27
[26] S.A. Milani, M. Eskandari Nasab, Thermodynamics and mechanism of Th(IV) extraction from nitrate medium with cyanex 272 in kerosene, J. of Nuclear Sci. and Tech., 74 (2016) 51-62.
28
[27] R.K. Biswas, H.P. Singha, Solvent extraction of Cu(II) by purified Cyanex 272, Indian chem. Technol. (2007) 269-275.
29
[28] N.E. El-Hefny, J.A. Daoud, Extraction and separation of thorium(IV) and praseodymium (III) with Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 from nitrate medium, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 261(2004) 357-363.
30
[29] O.Kebiche-Senhadji, L. Mansouri, S. Tingry, P. Seta, M. Benamor, Facilitated Cd(II) Transport Across CTA Polymer Inclusion Membrane Using Anion (Aliquat 336) And Cation (D2EHPA) Metal Carriers, Journal of Membrane Science, 310, 1-2 (2008) 438-445.
31
[30] C. Kozlowski, W. Walkowiak, W. Pellowski, Sorption and transport of Cs-137, Sr-90 and Co-60 radionuclides by polymer inclusion membranes. Desalination, 242, 1-3 (2009) 29-37.
32
[31] J. A. Riggs, B. D. Smith, Facilitated transport of small carbohydrates through plasticized cellulose triacetate membranes. Evidence for fixed-site jumping transport mechanism, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119 (1997) 2765-2766.
33
[32] S. Kislik, Liquid Membranes. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Print.melson, nathan. Sorption Of Thorium Onto Subsurface Geomedia. (2011): n. pag. Print.
34
[33] E.R.S. Miguel, M. Monroy-Barreto, J.S. Aguilar, A.L. Ocampo, J. Gyves, Structural effects on metal ion migration across polymer inclusion membranes: Dependence of membrane properties and transport profiles on the weight and volume fractions of the components, J. of Mem. Sci., 379 (2011) 416-425.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study and Statistical Analysis of Geochemical Relations Active Elements in Sedimentary Phosphate Layers of Kuh-e- Lar Zagros-Anticline
In this research, the layers of the sedimentary environment of the Pabdeh formation, which have different variation amounts of phosphate minerals (Apatite), were studied. The XRF and XRD analyses were performed for determination of the minerals and the radioactive elements, REEs and compounds for 54 selected samples (with high amounts of P2O5). According to the importance of the geochemical elements relations and their interpretation, the statistical analysis methods cluster analysisand principal component analysis, (PCA) were used. According to the results of the component correlation matrix, after rotation through the direct oblimin method, and normalizing with Kaiser method, the amounts of components and the ratio between them are well illustrated and the XRF results were divided into two principal components.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_224_b4b0c18f0594b0d5b96bdb302241c3da.pdf
2018-11-22
68
78
10.24200/nst.2018.224
Radioactive Elements
Sedimentary Phosphate
XRF
XRD
FARID
BOLOURCHIFARD
fboloorchi@aeoi.org.ir
1
Faculty Member
LEAD_AUTHOR
BEHZAD
MEHRABI
mehrabi44@yahoo.com
2
Faculty Member- Kharazmi University
AUTHOR
Ayyub
Memar
3
پژوهشکدهی مواد و سوخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران
AUTHOR
FARAJOLLAH
FAYAZI
farajollahfayazi@yahoo.co.uk
4
گروه زمینشناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] A.E. Adams, W.S. Mackenzie, C. Guilford, Atlas of sedimentary rocks under the microscope, Staining a thin section of Limestone (Adapted; Dickson, 1965), Apendix 2, (1984) 99.
1
[2] F. Bolourchifard, A. Memar, The Study of Phosphate Rock Forming Minerals (Francolite) of Iran through the EDX-SEM to Assessment of Compositions in Nano-scale, Elsevier- Science Direct Procedia Materials Science, 11 (2015) 108-113.
2
[3] I. Jarvis, W.C. Burnett, Y. Nathan, F.S.M. Almbaydin, A.K.M. Attia, L.N. Castro, R. Flicoteaux, M.E. Hilmy, V. Husain, A.A. Qutawnah, A. Serjani, Y.N. Zanin, Phosphorite geochemistry—State-of-the-art and environ-mental concerns, Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae (Journal of the Swiss Geological Society) 87 (1994) 643-700.
3
[4] H. Schlasinger William, H.D. Holland, K.K. Turekian, Biogeochemistry: Treatise on Geo-chemistry, The Global Phosphorus Cycle, (Ruttenberg, K.C. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA), Vol. 8, Chap., 8, 13 (2004) 603.
4
[5] J. Asfahani, M. Aissa, R. Al-Hent, Uranium migration in a sedimentological phosphatic environment in northern Palmyrides, Al-Awabed area, Syria, Journal of Applied radiation and isotopes, 65 (2007) 1078–1086.
5
[6] A. Asma, Aba-Hussain, S. Khaldoun, Al-Bassam, T. Yehya, Al-Rawi, Rare earth elements geochemistry of some paleocene carbonate fluorapatites in Iraq, Iraqi Bulletin of Geology & Mining, 6, 1 (2010) 81-94.
6
[7] Koch, S. George, J.R. Link, F. Richard, Statistical Analysis of Geological Data, Jone Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-49690-1, Vol. 1 (1970) 265.
7
[8] G. Dehghani, J. Makris, The gravity field and crustal structure of Iran, N. Jb. Geol. Palaeont. Abh 168 (1984) 215-229.
8
[9] J. Makris, C. Stobbe, Physical properties and state of the crust and upper mantle of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea deduced from geophysical data. Mar. Geol. 55 (1984) 347–363.
9
[10] M. Berberian, G.C.P. King, Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18, 2 (1981) 210-265, https://doi.org/10.1139/e81-019.
10
[11] J. Daneshian, Sh. Shariati, A. Salsani, Biostratigraphy and planktonic foraminiferal abundance in the phosphate-bearing Pabdeh Formation of the Lar Mountains (SW Iran), Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie- Abhandlungen, 278, 2 (2015) 175-189(15). https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2015/0522.
11
[12] R.J. Dunham, Classification of Carbonate Rocks According to Depositional Textures, AAPG Special Volumes, Pub. Id: A038 (1962) 108-121.
12
[13] A.S. Kaplunovsky, Factor analysis in environmental studies, HAIT J. Sci. Eng. B2, (2005) 54-94.
13
[14] C. Reimann, P. Filzmoser, R.G. Garrett, Factor analysis applied to regional geochemical data: problems and possibilities, Applied Geo-chemistry, 17 (2002) 185–206.
14
[15] J.A.D. Dickson, A Modified Staining Technique for Carbonates in Thin Section, NATURE, 4971 (1965) 587.
15
[16] M.F. Gazley, K.S. Collins, J. Roberston, B.R. Hines, L.A. Fisher, A. McFarlane, Application of principal component analysis and cluster analysis to mineral exploration and mine geology, Aus IMM New Zealand Branch Annual Conference (2015).
16
[17] J. Marques de Sá, Estimating Data Parameters, Applied Statistics Using SPSS, STATISTICA, MATLAB and R, (2007) 81-109,
17
[18] S.B. Green, N.J. Salkind, Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data, Prentice Hall Press (2010).
18
[19] S. Shrestha, F. Kazama, T. Nakamura, Use of principal component analysis, factor analysis and discriminant analysis to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in water quality of the Mekong River. J. Hydroinformatics, 10 (2008) 43-56.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Introduction of Volcanogenic Uranium Mineralization Using
Geological, Alteration, Mineralization and Geochemical Evidence at East Bam (South - East of Iran)
The studied area is located in the central Iran micro-continent, in the southern part of Lut block, 45 kilometers east of Bam Township. The main units of the area are mostly intercalation of pyroclastic rocks and lava layers in the age of Eocane, with the general trend of southwest- northeast and include high potassium calc- alkaline magma that their formation are related to the tectonic environments of magmatic arc and subduction zone. Argillic, silica, hematite, zeolite and chlorite alteration are observed in the area in relationship with uranium mineralization. The geochemical complexes related to uranium presence were identified in the study area. They are: complexes in relation with acidic and moderate rocks, including U-W-As-Mo-S-Cu-Ag, and complexes related to the basic igneous rocks, including U-Ni-V-Ag-Co-W-Mo-Cr-Cu-S. The main observed structures and textures in this area involve stock work, vein veinlet, corrosion, radial, release and peripheral membrane. The main mineralization in the area includes uranium secondary minerals contains Boltwoodite, Phosphuranylite and carnotite, manganese oxides, iron oxides and hydroxides, a few sulfide, zeolite mineral group and other minerals groups which mostly are formed under the influence of hydrothermal and late supergene processes. Based on a comparison pattern of mineralization in the area and its adjustment with the geological, alteration and geochemical conditions in uranium deposits, the most possible choice for mineralization type in the area has been introduced as volcanogenic uranium mineralization.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_225_2fa16fb26ea61b0ea63447df80e4ba8c.pdf
2018-11-22
79
102
10.24200/nst.2018.225
Uranium Mineralization
Volcanogene
Alteration
Bam
M
Goudarzi
mgoudarzi788@gmail.com
1
گروه زمینشناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه لرستان- لرستان ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
H
Zamanian
hasanzamanian@yahoo.com
2
گروه زمینشناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه لرستان - لرستان ـ ایران
AUTHOR
A
Javanshir
ajavanshir@gmail.com
3
گروه زمینشناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
M.R
Rezvanianzadeh
4
پژوهشکدهی مواد و سوخت هستهی، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران
AUTHOR
M. R
Ghaderi
mghaderi@aeoi.org.ir
5
دانشکده فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] J.T. Nash, H.C. Granger, S.S. Adams, Geology and concepts of genesis of important types of uranium deposits, in Economic Geology Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Volume, (1981) 63-116.
1
[2] J.A. Plant, P.R. Simpson, B. Smith, B.F. Windley, Uranium ore deposits products of the radioactive Echo Bay U-Ni-Ag-Cu deposits, North West Territories, Canada. Economic Geology., 68 (1999) 635–656.
2
[3] S.A. Aghanabati, Geology of Iran. published by Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration Organization of Iran, (2004).
3
[4] J. Eftekharnejad, N. Samimi, S. Ershadi, 1: 250000 Geological Map of Allahabad. Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration Organization of Iran, (1993).
4
[5] M. Goudarzi, A. Javanshir, M. Alikhani, M. Saidian, H. Karimi, 1: 5000 Geology map of Narmashir region. Exploration Deputy Director of Skam company, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, (2014).
5
[6] M. Goudarzi, Genesis of Uranium Mineralization in the East of Bam region, Economic Geological master's thesis, Lorestan University, (2015).
6
[7] J.A. Pearce, N.B.W. Harris, A.G. Tindle, Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of grantitic rocks, Juornal of petrology, 25 (1984) 956-983.
7
[8] G.W. Walker, Host rocks and ther alteration as to uranium-bearing veins in the conterminous United State. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. P 455-C, (1963) 37-53.
8
[9] R.A. Rich, H.D. Holland, U. Petersen, Hydrothermal uranium deposits, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., (1977). Amsterdam, New York, 264 (1977) Dfl. 85.00.
9
[10] L.J. Robb, Introduction to ore forming processes, Blackwell Publishing, (2005) 373.
10
[11] M. Karimpour, A. Malekzadeh, M.R. Heidarian, Exploration of Natural Reserves. published by Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (2005) 636.
11
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30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Study of Scattering and Transport of Electron Beam Into Dense Fuel for Fast-Shock Ignition Approach
The stopping power, penetration and scattering of high energy electrons with different energy distribution functions into dense fuel and hot-spot (fuel core) have been considered for a fast-shock ignition scenario. The analytical calculations indicate that fast electrons with two-temperature energy distribution function penetrate more into the dense fuel, in comparison with the monoenergetic and exponential function, where it is consistent with the MCNPX simulation results. Furthermore, the scattering of energetic electron beams toward the outer surface of the fuel for five various fuel density and two fast ignitor wavelengths of 0.53 and 0.35 micron have been investigated. The results show that for the fuel mass smaller than 2 mg, the scattering of electrons reduce for the electrons with smaller energies and fast ignitor of smaller wavelengths. Meanwhile, for the electrons with energy of the order ~3.5 MeV, two-temperature and monoenergetic energy distribution function deliver the highest and lowest energy to the main fuel and the central hot-spot, respectively.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_226_9d1b8081cfb86c5782271b1e82fbb9d5.pdf
2018-11-22
103
112
10.24200/nst.2018.226
Scattering and Transport
Dense Fuel
Shock ignition
Fast Ignition
S. A
Ghasemi
1
پژوهشکدهی پلاسما و گداخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
A. H
Farahbod
2
پژوهشکدهی پلاسما و گداخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران
AUTHOR
[1] S.A. Ghasemi, A.H. Farahbod, S. Sobhanian, Analytical model for fast-shock ignition, AIP Adv., 4, 077130 (2014).
1
[2] A.H. Farahbod, S.A. Ghasemi, M.J. Jafari, S. Rezaei, S. Sobhanian, Improvement of non-isobaric model for shock ignition, Eur. Phys. J. D., 68, 314 (2014).
2
[3] A.H. Farahbod, S.A. Ghasemi, Fast-Shock Ignition: A new concept to Inertial confinement fusion, Iranian J. Phys. Res., 12, 4 (2013).
3
[4] S.A. Ghasemi, A.H. Farahbod, The Role of fast ignitor in fast-shock ignition concept, Iranian J. Phys. Res., 13, 4 (2013).
4
[5] S.A. Ghasemi, A.H. Farahbod, Fast-Shock Ignition: A New Concept to Inertial Confinement Fusion, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 58, 308 (2013).
5
[6] S.A. Ghasemi, A.H. Farahbod, Electron Energy Deposition in Fast-Shock Ignition, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 59, 1 (2014).
6
[7] S. Atzeni, A. Schiavi, J.R. Davies, Stopping and scattering of relativistic electron beams in dense plasmas and requirements for fast ignition, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 51, 015016 (2009).
7
[8] S. Atzeni, A. Schiavi, J.R. Davies, Stopping and scattering of relativistic electrons in high density plasmas for fast ignition studies, 35th EPS Conference on Plasma Phys. Hersonissos, 9-13 June ECA. 32D, P-5.106 (2018).
8
[9] A.A. Solodov, R. Betti, Stopping power and range of energetic electrons in dense plasmas of fast-ignition fusion targets, Phys. Plasmas 15, 042707 (2008).
9
[10] C. Deutsch, H. Furukava, K. Mima, K. Nishihara, Interaction physics of the fast ignitor concept, Phys. Rev. Lett 77, 2483 (1996).
10
[11] A.A. Solodov, R. Betti, J.A. Delettrez, C. Zhou, Stopping of Fast Electrons in Dense Hydrogenic Plasmas, Phys. Plasmas 14, 062701 (2007).
11
[12] S. Atzeni, M. Tabak, Overview of ignition conditions and gain curves for the fast ignitor, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 47, B769 (2005).
12
[13] C. Bellei, L. Divol, A.J. Kemp, M.H. Key, D.J. Larson, D.J. Strozzi, M.M. Marinak, M. Tabak, P.K. Patel, Phys. Plasmas 20, 052704 (2013).
13
[14] C.K. Li, R.D. Petrasso, Stopping of directed energetic electrons in high-temperature hydro-genic plasmas, Phys. Review E 70, 067401 (2004).
14
[15] C.K. Li, R.D. Petrasso, Energy deposition of MeV electrons in compressed targets of fast-ignition inertial confinement fusiona…C., Phys. Plasmas 13, 056314 (2006).
15
[16] S. Chawla, M.S. Wei, R. Mishra, K.U. Akli, C.D. Chen, H.S. McLean, A. Morace, P.K. Patel, H. Sawada, Y. Sentoku, R.B. Stephens, F.N. Beg, Effect of target material on fast-electron transport and resistive collimation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 025001 (2013).
16
[17] Boyuan Li, Chao Tian, Zhimeng Zhang, Feng Zhang, Lianqiang Shan, Bo Zhang, Weimin Zhou, Baohan Zhang, Yuqiu Gu, Effect of laser wavelength and intensity on the divergence of hot electrons in fast ignition, Phys. Plasmas 23, 093121 (2016).
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spray System Assessment in Steel Containment of VVER-1000 Reactor with Using Probabilistic Methods
One of the most important safety systems is spray system which is located in steel containment and has been designed to limit radioactive materials release, specially iodine, and to reduce the pressure and temperature in steel containment during events. The functions of mentioned system have been evaluated by the NPP designer by using probabilistic methods and the Risk Spectrum code. Some of the equipment, however, have not been simulated in the implemented modeling. In this article, by using the probabilistic analysis and the SAPHIRE code, the importance of the spray system’s elements in steel containment has been analyzed and the probability of system failures in various conditions has been calculated.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_227_18b3499132ff1952c79943740733ae40.pdf
2018-11-22
113
118
10.24200/nst.2018.227
Water Spray System
Safety Steel Containment
Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA)
Fault Tree
D
Masti
1
شرکت بهرهبرداری نیروگاه اتمی بوشهر، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، بوشهر ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
A
Khosroabadi
2
شرکت بهرهبرداری نیروگاه اتمی بوشهر، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، بوشهر ـ ایران
AUTHOR
A
Rahmani Haghighi
3
شرکت بهرهبرداری نیروگاه اتمی بوشهر، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، بوشهر ـ ایران
AUTHOR
[1] V. khorrami, Using PSA method in reliability asseessment of emergency power supply of bushehr nuclear power plant and analyse of staion blackout accident, M.S. thesis, Sharif University, (1389).
1
[2] S. kordalivand, Analyse of inadvertent opening using PSA method and SAPHIRE code, M.S. thesis, Sharif University, (1393).
2
[3] Atomenergoproekt, Final Safety Analysis Report, Chapter 6, FSAR, Moscow, Editor. (2008).
3
[4] Atomenergoproekt, BNPP Probabilistic Safety Assessment, level 1, revision 3, state research, Design and Engineering Survey Institute, (2003).
4
[5] K.J. Kvarfordt, S.T. Wood, C.L. Smith, Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-On Integrated Reliability Evaluations (SAPHIRE) Code Reference Manual, INL/EXT-05-00644 Rev. 1, August (2008).
5