ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Atmospheric Dispersion Unknown Source Parameters Determination Using AERMOD and Bayesian Inference Along Markov Chain Monte Carlo
Occurance of hazarious accident in nuclear power plants and industrial units usually lead to release of radioactive materials and pollutants in environment. These materials and pollutants can be transported to a far downstream by the wind flow. In this paper, we implemented an atmospheric dispersion code to solve the inverse problem. Having received and detected the pollutants in one region, we may estimate the rate and location of the unknown source. For the modeling, one needs a model with ability of atmospheric dispersion calculation. Furthermore, it is required to implement a mathematical approach to infer the source location and the related rates. In this paper the AERMOD software and Bayesian inference along the Markov Chain Monte Carlo have been applied. Implementing, Bayesian approach and Markov Chain Monte Carlo for the aforementioned subject is not a new approach, but the AERMOD model coupled with the said methods is a new and well known regulatory software, and enhances the reliability of outcomes. To evaluate the method, an example is considered by defining pollutants concentration in a specific region and then obtaining the source location and intensity by a direct calculation. The result of the caluclation estimates the average source location at a distance of 7km with an accuracy of 5m which is good enough to support the ability of the proposed algorithm.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_362_53ceeb6b0a9e5e58f457a51dcaadb631.pdf
2012-11-21
1
9
AERMOD Software
Bayesian Inference
Morkov Chain Monte Carlo
Atmospheric Dispersion
Unknown Source
A
Haghighattalab
1
دانشکده مهندسی هستهای، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی: 1983963113، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
A.R
Zolfaghari
2
دانشکده مهندسی هستهای، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی: 1983963113، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.H
Minouchehr
a.minuchehr@sbu.ac.ir
3
دانشکده مهندسی هستهای، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی: 1983963113، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
H.A
Kiya
4
دانشکده مهندسی هستهای، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی: 1983963113، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
1. S. Guo, R. Yang, H. Zhang, W. Weng, W. Fan, Source identification for unsteady atmospheric dispersion of hazardous materials using Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52 (2009) 3955–3962.
1
2. B. Kosovic, R. Belles, F.K. Chow, L.D. Monache, K. Dyer, L. Glascoe, W. Hanley, G. Johannesson, S. Larsen, G. Loosmore, J.K. Lvndqvist, A. Mirin, S. Nevman, J. Nitao, R. Serban, G. Sugiyama, R. Aines, Dynamic data-driven event reconstruction for atmospheric releases, UCRL-TR-229417 (2007).
2
3. K. Shankar Rao, Source estimation methods for atmospheric dispersion, Atmospheric Environ-ment, 41 (2007) 6964-6973.
3
4. Joo Yeon Kim, Han-Ki Jang, Jai Ki Lee, Source reconstruction of uknown model parameters in atmospheric dispersion using dynamic bayesian inference, Progres in Nuclear Science and Technology, 1 (2011) 460-463.
4
5. C.T. Allen, S.E. Haupt, G.S. Young, Source characterization with a genetic algorithm coupled dispersion backward model in corporating SCIPUFF, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 41 (2007) 465-479.
5
6. C.T. Allen, G.S. Young, S.E. Haupt, Improving pollutant source characterization by better estimating wind direction with a genetic algorithm, Atmospheric Environment, 41 (2007) 2283-2289.
6
7. G. Johannesson, B. Hanley, J. Nitao, Dynamic Bayesian models via Monte Carlo-an introduction with examples, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, UCRL-TR-207173 (2004).
7
F.K. Chow, B. Kosovic, S.T. Chan, Source inversion for contaminant plume dispersion in urban environments using building-resolving simulations, Int. 6th Symposium on the Urban Environment, American Meteorological Society (2006).
8
S. Neumann, L. Glascoe, B. Kosovic, K. Dyer, W. Hanley, J. Nitao, Event reconstruction for atmospheric releases employing urban puff model UDM with stochastic inversion methodology, 6th Symposium on the Urban Environment, American Meteorological Society, GA (2006).
9
A. Keats, E. Yee, F. Lien, Bayesian inference for source determination with applications to a complex urban environment, Atmospheric Environment, 41 (2007) 465-479.
10
G. Cervone, P. Franzese, Monte Carlo source detection of atmospheric emissions and error functions analysis, Computers & Geosciences, 36 (2010) 902-909.
11
A.J. Cimorelli, S.G. Perry1, A. Venkatram, J.C. Weil, R.J.R.B. Wilson, R.F. Lee, Warren D. Peters, W. Brode, J.O. Pauimer, AERMOD: Description of model formulation, EPA 454/R-02-002d, (2002).
12
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, User's guide for the AERMOD meteorological preprocessor (AERMET), EPA-454/B-03-002 (2004).
13
J.M. Bernardo, A.F.M. Smith, Bayesian Theory, Wiley (1994).
14
A. Gelman, J.B. Carlin, H.S. Stern, D.B. Rubin, Bayesian data analysis (second edition), Boca Raton, Florida: Chapman and Hall/CRC (2004).
15
N. Metropolis, A.W. Rosenbluth, M.N. Rosenbluth, E. Teller, Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines, J. Chem. Phys, 21 (1953) 1087-1092.
16
C. Andrieu, N. De Freitas, A. Doucent, M.I. Jordan, An introduction to MCMC for machine learning, Machine Learning, 50 (2003) 5-43.
17
W.R. Gilks, S. Richardson, D.G. Spiegelhalter, Markov chain Monte Carlo in practice, Chapman and Hall, London, UK (1996).
18
W.K. Hastings, Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications, Biometrika, 57(1) (1970) 97-109.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Optimum Conditions for the Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium
Zirconium and hafnium are the two most important elements in the nuclear industries. Zirconium is used in fuel rods due to its low neutron absorption cross section. On the contrary, hafnium has a very high neutron absorption cross section, therefore it must be separated from zirconium. The extractive separation of zirconium and hafnium have been investigated using Taguchi method. The separartion parameters were acid type (Sulfuric, Nitric, Hydrochloric) and their concentrations (10-2, 1, 5M) and extractant type (D2EHPA, Cyanex 301, Cyanex 302). The optimum conditions were determined as 5M nitric acid in addition with 5×10-3 M Cyanex 302 in the kerosene. Under these conditions, the zirconium the extraction percent and the separation factor were 99.5% and 8.7, respectively. For detailed investigation from the achieved results by Taguchi method, the effects of different parameters such as agitation time, nitric acid concentration, extractant concentration, sodium nitrate concentration and diluent type were considered.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_366_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
2012-11-21
10
17
Zirconium
Hafnium
Cyanex 302
Cyanex 301
D2EHPA
Solvent extraction
S
Nabardi
1
بخش مهندسی معدن، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، صندوق پستی: 7616914111، کرمان ـ ایران
AUTHOR
M
Eskandari Nasab
2
بخش مهندسی معدن، مجتمع آموزش عالی زرند، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، صندوق پستی: 7761156391، کرمان ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
A
Nozad
3
پژوهشکده مواد، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-14395، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
A
Sam
4
بخش مهندسی معدن، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، صندوق پستی: 7616914111، کرمان ـ ایران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and Optimization of Polyethylene Glycol Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles Used as D2EHPA Carriers
Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation of FeCl3.6H2O and FeCl2.4H2O with addition of sodium hydroxide. The conditions for the preparation of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were optimized, and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles obtained were characterized systematically by means oftransmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that the magnetic nanoparticles were semispherical with the average diameter of 8-25nm. XRD results did not show any phase variation due to PEG coating. It was found that the variation of acid and sodium hydroxide concentrations and quantity of the Polyethylene glycol (PEG) played a critical role in size and structure of nanoparticles. Finally, the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles was cooted with D2EHPA.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_367_7dfe0d6ee53d38d3fbd1f6486d1ff58a.pdf
2012-11-21
18
25
Magnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles
Chemical Co-Precipitation
Polyethylene Glycol
D2EHPA
K
Saberyan
kmlsern@yahoo.com
1
پژوهشکده چرخه سوخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
M
Maghsudi
2
دانشکده مهندسی مواد و متالورژی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، صندوق پستی: 16846، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
R
Ghasemzadeh
3
دانشکده مهندسی مواد و متالورژی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، صندوق پستی: 16846، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
M
Rahiminezhad Soltani
4
باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ساوه، صندوق پستی: 366-39187، ساوه ـ ایران
AUTHOR
1. S.H. Huang, D.H. Chen, Rapid removal of heavy metal cations and anions from aqueous solutions by an amino-functionalized magnetic nano-adsorbent, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2009) 174-179.
1
2. L. NuFiez, M. Kaminski, C. Bradley, B.A. Buchholz, S. Landsberger, S.B. Aase, H.E. Tuazon, G.F. Vandegrift, Magnetically assisted chemical separation (MACS) process: preparation and optimization of particles for removal of transuranic element, in: A.N. laboratory (Ed.), Chemical Technology Division, Argonne (1995).
2
3. P.A. Dresco, V.S. Zaitsev, R.J. Gambino, B. Chu, Preparation and properties of magnetite and polymer magnetite nanoparticles, Langmuir 15 (1999) 1945-1951.
3
4. P.C. Morais, B.M. Lacava, A.F. Bakuzis, L.M. Lacava, L.P. Silva, R.B. Azevedo, Z.G.M. Lacava, N. Buske, W.C. Nunes, M.A. Novak, Atomic force microscopy and magnetization investigation of a water-based magnetic fluid, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 226-230 (2001) 1899-1900.
4
5. D. Bahadur, J. Giri, B. Nayak, T. Sriharsha, P. Pradhan, N. Prasad, K. Barick, R. Ambashta, Processing, properties and some novel applications of magnetic nanoparticles, Pramana, 65 (2005) 663-679.
5
6. L. Zeng, R. Hu, Z. Wu, Q. He, Preparation and characterization of amino-coated maghemite nanoparticles, 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, ICBBE (2010).
6
7. Q. Hongzhang, Y. Biao, L. Chengkui, Preparation and magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles by sol-gel method, Nanoelectronics Conference (INEC), 3rd International, (2010) 888-889.
7
8. R.Y. Hong, J.H. Li, H.Z. Li, J. Ding, Y. Zheng, D.G. Wei, Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles without inert gas protection used as precursors of magnetic fluids, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320 (2008) 1605-1614.
8
9. Y. Zhao, Z. Qiu, J. Huang, Preparation and analysis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles used as targeted-drug carriers supported by the technology project of jiangxi provincial education department and jiangxi provincial science department, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 16 (2008) 451-45.
9
M. Chastellain, A. Petri, H. Hofmann, Particle size investigations of a multistep synthesis of PVA coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 278 (2004) 353-360.
10
A.F. Ngomsik, A. Bee, M. Draye, G. Cote, V. Cabuil, Magnetic nano- and microparticles for metal removal and environmental applications: A review, Comptes Rendus Chimie, 8 (2005) 963-970.
11
A. Navrotsky, Nanomaterials in the environment, agriculture, and technology (NEAT), Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2 (2000) 321-323.
12
P. Fulmer, M. Manivel Raja, A. Manthiram, Chemical synthesis, processing, and characterization of nanostructured Fe-B for the magnetically assisted chemical separation of hazardous waste, Chemistry of Materials, 13 (2001) 2160-2168.
13
M.H. Liao, D.H. Chen, Preparation and characterization of a novel magnetic nano-adsorbent, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 12 (2002) 3654-3659.
14
M. Faraji, Y. Yamini, M. Rezaee, Extraction of trace amounts of mercury with sodium dodecyle sulphate-coated magnetite nanoparticles and its determination by flow injection inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, Talanta, 81 (2010) 831-836.
15
M.D. Kaminski, L. Nunez, A.E. Visser, Evaluation of extractant-coated ferromagnetic microparticles for the recovery of hazardous metals from waste solution, Separation Science and Technology, 34 (1999) 1103-1120.
16
D.A. Fleming, M. Napolitano, M.E. Williams, Chemically functional alkanethiol derivitized magnetic nanoparticles, Materials Research Society Symposium-Proceedings, (2002) 207-212.
17
H.A. Tsai, C.H. Chen, W.C. Lee, Influence of surface hydrophobic groups on the adsorption of proteins onto nonporous polymeric particles with immobilized metal ions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 240 (2001) 379-383.
18
C.B. Bauer, R.D. Rogers, L. Nunez, M.D. Ziemer, T.T. Pleune, G.V. Vandegrift, Review and evaluation of extractants for strontium removal using magnetically assisted chemical separation, Report ANL-95/26, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (1995).
19
C. Bergemann, D. Muller-Schulte, J. Oster, L. a Brassard, A.S. Lubbe, Magnetic ion-exchange nano- and microparticles for medical, biochemical and molecular biological applications, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 194 (1999) 45-52.
20
J.Y. Tseng, C.Y. Chang, Y.H. Chen, C.F. Chang, P.C. Chiang, Synthesis of micro-size magnetic polymer adsorbent and its application for the removal of Cu(II) ion, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 295 (2007) 209-216.
21
G.D. Moeser, K.A. Roach, W.H. Green, P.E. Laibinis, T.A. Hatton, Water-based magnetic fluids as extractants for synthetic organic compounds, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 41 (2002) 4739-4749.
22
S. Nath, C. Kaittanis, V. Ramachandran, N.S. Dalal, J.M. Perez, Synthesis, magnetic characterization, and sensing applications of novel dextran-coated iron oxide nanorods, Chemistry of Materials, 21 (2009) 1761-1767.
23
L.T. Lee, P. Somasundaran, Adsorption of polyacrylamide on oxide minerals, Langmuir, 5 (1989) 854-860.
24
R.D. Ambashta, S. Mohammad Yusuf, M.D. Mukadam, S. Singh, P. Kishan Wattal, D. Bahadur, Physical and chemical properties of nanoscale magnetite-based solvent extractant, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 293 (2005) 8-14.
25
M.P. Morales, A.G. Roca, C.J. Serna, Synthesis of monodispersed magnetite particles from different organometallic precursors, INTERMAG 2006-IEEE International Magnetics Conference, 555 (2006).
26
M. Mahmoudi, A. Simchi, M. Imani, U.O. Hafeli, Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with rigid cross-linked polyethylene glycol fumarate coating for application in imaging and drug delivery, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113 (2009) 8124-8131.
27
G. Yi, X. Zhang, F. Liu, J. Cheng, Y. Mi, H. Zhang, Preparation of CNTs-supported Fe3O4 and Fe 3C nano-particles and the investigation on their magnetic properties, Proceedings of 1st IEEE International Conference on Nano Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, 1st IEEE-NEMS, (2006) 649-652.
28
R.Y. Hong, T.T. Pan, H.Z. Li, Microwave synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles used as a precursor of nanocomposites and ferrofluids, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 303 (2006) 60-68.
29
H. Zhang, Preparation and applications of catalytic magnetic nanoparticles, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2009).
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of Caesium-137 Intake in Dicentrarchus Labrax by Using Compartmental Model and Neural Network
Cs-137 is one of the fission products that is usually released in environment after nuclear accidents. This contamination remains in environment for a long time due to long half life of Cs-137 (30 years) and can enter easily into the human food chain. A two-compartmental model was implemented to describe caesium intake and its distribution in Dicentrarchus Labrax, using a proposed differential equation model. The model included two compartments, the first compartment was the blood and the second one was the tissue. The activity of Cs-137 was undertaken in each compartment by means of a numerical method and the activity of Cs-137 was considered as an input of compartmental equations. We obtained the transfer coefficients between fish tissues by comparing the radiation curves with the actual data. In the light of the differences with the transfer coefficients, the calculation by the COMKAT software was found to be about 2%. Then, we provided the activity curves of Cs-137 and their charactristics (feature extractions) by changing the transfer coefficients and they were utilized to train the neural network. The network was trained for six data groups, and the results of the network testing had about 99% correct response, therefore it can be employed to estimate the transfer coefficients in fish tissue, the salinity range, and the activity of Cs-137 in water.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_368_ae762e59c0fd2e95266ea19356eb09cf.pdf
2012-11-21
26
33
Caesium-137
Two-Compartmental Model
Dicentrarchus Labrax
Transfer Factors
Neural Network
E
Yahaghi
1
گروه فیزیک، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی، صندوق پستی: 5599-34149، قزوین ـ ایران
AUTHOR
A
Movafeghi
amovafeghi@aeoi.org.ir
2
پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-14395، تهران ـ ایران 3. مرکز نظام ایمنی هستهای کشور، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1339-14155، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.A
Askari
3
گروه فیزیک، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی، صندوق پستی: 5599-34149، قزوین ـ ایران
AUTHOR
G
Karimi Diba
4
مرکز نظام ایمنی هستهای کشور، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1339-14155، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
N
Mohammadzadeh
5
پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-14395، تهران ـ ایران 3. مرکز نظام ایمنی هستهای کشور، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1339-14155، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
G.Y. Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska, P.Ł. Urban, Accumulation of cesiumin leaves of lepidums sativam and its influence on photo synthetics and transpiration, ACTA Biological Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 45(2) (2003) 131–137.
1
NCRP Report No. 154, Cesium-137 in the Environment: Radioecology and Approaches to Assessment and Management Radiation Protection: A Memoir of the National Radiological Protection Board, J. Radiol. Prot., 27 (2007) 375.
2
M. Kaikkonen, A novel assay method for measuring addedplasma caesium and its application in themeasurement of short-term kinetics, ACADEMIC DISSERTATION, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Helsinki, in Walter Auditorium, Agnes Sjoberginkatu, 2 (2006) 27.
3
Y.G. Zhu, E. Smolders, Plant uptake radiocesium: arewiew of mechanism, regulation and application, Journal of Experimental Botany, 51 (351) (2000) 1653-1654.
4
R. Handley, R. Overstree, Uptake of Carrier-free 137-Cs by Ramalina reticulata'-t Plant, Physiol., 43 (1968) 1401-1405.
5
J. Hattink, N. Celis, G. De Boeck, C. KrijgeG, R. Blust, Accumulation of 137-Cs in the European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus Labrax (L.) in a salinity gradient: Importance of uptake via gills, diet and ingested water Radioprotection, C- EDP Sciences, 44(5) (2009) 665–670.
6
K.N. Ishikawa, K. Tagami, S. Uchida, Estimation of 137-Cs Plant Root Uptake Using Naturally Existing 133Cs, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, Supplement, 6 (2008) 146–151.
7
S.W. Paine, A. Parker, J.P. Gardiner, P.J.H. Webborn, R.J. Riley, Prediction of the Pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin, Cerivastatin, and Indomethacin Using Kinetic Models Appliedto Isolated Rat Hepatocytes Drug Mmetabolism and Disposition, D.M.D., 36 (2008) 1365–1374.
8
M. Steiner, I. Linkov, S. Yoshida, The role of fungi in the transfer and cycling of radionuclides in forest ecosystems, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 58 (2002) 217–241.
9
V. Leland Miller, F. Nancy Krebs, K. Michael Hambidge, A Mathematical Model of Zinc Absorptionin Humans As a Function of Dietary Zinc and Phytate, The Journal of Nutrition Methodology and Mathematical Modeling, 19 (2010) 135-141.
10
P.K.N. Yu, P.K.S. Lam, B.K.P. Ng, A.M.Y. Li, Biokinetic of Cesium in Perna Viridis, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 19(2) (2000) 271–275.
11
J. Dighton, T. Tugay, N. Zhdanova, Fungi and ionizing radiationfromradionuclides, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 281 (2008) 109–120.
12
CH.A.N Prause, External Detection and Measurment of Inhaled Radionuclides Using Thermoluminencent Dosimeters, the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A and M Universityin partial fullfillment to the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, December, (2006).
13
G. Sanchez, J. Lopez-Fidalgo, Mathematical Techniques For Solving Analitically Large Compartmental Systems, Health Physics Society, (2003) 184-193.
14
W.R. Parks, D.S. Levine, D.L. Long, Fundamentals of Neural Network Modeling: Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuro. science, The MIT Press (1998).
15
L.J. Pez-fidalgo, J.M. Rodri´guez-di´az, G.SA´ Nchez, M.T. Santos-marti´n, Optimal Designs for Compartmental Models with Correlated Observations, Journal of Applied Statistics, 32(10) (2005) 1075–1088.
16
R.W. Leggetta, L.R. Williamsb, D.R. Meloc, J.L. Lipszteinc, A physiologically based biokinetic model for cesium in the humanbody, The Science of the Total Environment, 317 (2003) 235–255.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study on the Role of Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria in Continuance Cultivation of Wheat and Corn by Using 65Zn
Some microorganisms can increase the solublity of relatively insoluble forms of zinc(Zn) in soils and fulfil the requirements of plants. As evidance for this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted in 2009-10 in a sand culture whitout zinc. In this experiment, factors included two kinds of inoculants with microorganisms and three kinds of zinc sources. Inoculants included pseudomonas fluorescent strain 187 and pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MPFM1; factors of zinc sources included zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), zinc oxid (ZnO) and zinc carbonate (ZnCO3). For detection of Zinc element in plants, (n,γ) reaction was used to convert 64Zn to 65Zn in reactor of Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) were planted and after growth seasons, 65Zn was computed in all members of plants and all kinds of treatments with the use of High Resolution Germanium Spectrometry (HRGS). The results revealed that: a) in inoculation treatments, the mean of 65Zn activity was more than the treatments whithout inoculation, b) inoculation by zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZnSB) increased the amount of Zn uptake from relatively insoluble Zn and sources, and c) the abilities of these microorganisms to release Zn from relatively insoluble Zn compounds were found to be different.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_369_541543d4d162871fdf201551d478f46f.pdf
2012-11-21
34
39
65Zn
Zinc Solubilizing Microorganisms
Wheat
Corn
GE Semiconductor Detectors
Gamma Spectroscopy
M
Ansari
1
گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، صندوق پستی: 336-14115، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.J
Malakouti
2
گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، صندوق پستی: 336-14115، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
K
Khavazi
3
مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، صندوق پستی: 311-31785، کرج ـ ایران
AUTHOR
A
Bahrami Samani
asamani@aeoi.org.ir
4
پژوهشکده چرخه سوخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
1. م.ج. ملکوتی، پ. کشاورز، ن. کریمیان، روش جامع تشخیص و توصیه بهینه کود برای کشاورزی پایدار، چاپ هفتم با بازنگری کامل، انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 764، تهران- ایران (1387).
1
2. ن. کریمیان، م. مفتون، ع. ابطحی، ج. یثربی، اثر باقیمانده سولفات روی بر فرمهای شیمیایی روی در خاک و رابطه این فرمها با جذب روی توسط گیاه، معاونت پژوهشی دانشگاه شیراز، انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز، 81، شیراز- ایران (1373).
2
3. A. Kulkarni, Biozink solubilizing microbes, Available on the WWW.biomax.traeindia.com (2009).
3
4. A.C. Intorne, M.V.V. De Olierira, M.L. Lima, J.F. Da Silva, G.A. De Souza Filho, Identification and Characterization of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Mutants Defective in the Solubilization of Phosphrous and Zinc, Arch, Microbiol, 191 (2009) 477-483.
4
5. G. Sarathambal, M. Thangaraju, J.C. Paulra, M. Gomathy, Assesing the Zinc Solubilization Ability of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in Maize Rhizosphere Using Labelled 65Zn Compounds, Indian J, Microbiol, 50 (2010) 103-109.
5
6. S.E. Natheer and S. Muthukkaruppan, Assessing the in Vitro Zinc Solubilization Potential and Improving Sugarcane Growth by Inoculating Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Ann, Microbiol, DOI 10, 1007/s, 13213-011-0259-9 (2011).
6
7. س. حامدی، بررسی تأثیر سودوموناسهای فلوئورسان بر رشد و عملکرد ارقام مختلف گندم، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس (1384).
7
8. م.ح. رسولی صدقیانی، بررسی نقش فیتوسیدروفورها و سودوموناسهای تولید کننده سیدروفور در تأمین آهن و روی موردنیاز ارقام گندم، پایاننامه دکتری، گروه خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران- ایران (1384).
8
9. آ. باپیری، ارزیابی کارایی سویههای مختلف سودوموناسهای فلوئورسان در افزایش حلالیت منابع کم محلول روی، پایاننامه دکتری، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی (واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران)، تهران- ایران (1387).
9
10. N. Ighbal, N. Jamil, I. Ali, S. Hasnain, Effect of zinc-phosphate solubilizing bacterial isolates on growth of vigna radiata, Ann, Microbiol, 60 (2010) 243-248.
10
11. V.S. Saravanan, M. Madhaiyan, M. Thangaraju, Solubilization of zinc compounds by the diazotrophic plant growth promoting bacteria Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Chemosphere, 66 (2007) 1794-1798.
11
12. O. Devevre, J. Garbaye, B. Botton, Release of complexing organic acids by rhizosphere fungi as a factor in norway spruce yellowing in acidic soil, Mycol, Res, 100 (1996) 1367-1374.
12
13. W.L. Lindsy, Chemical equilibria in soils, Jhon Wiley and Sons, New York (1979).
13
14. W.C. Li, Z.H. Ye, Wong M.H. metal mobilization and production of short-chain organic acids by rhizosphere bacteria associated with a Cd/Zn hyperaccumulating plant, sedum alfredii, Plant Soil, 326 (2010) 453-467.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Effective Parameters on Labeling of Hydroxyapatite Compound with 90Y and Introducing the Best Method to Produce 90Y-HAp Radiopharmaceutical for Radiosynovectomy
Radiosynovectomy is a local intra-articular injection of radionuclides in colloidal form for treatment of articular inflammatory in rheumatoid arthritis, hemophilia or orthopedic troubles. β-emitting radionuclides can be used for various joints based on radiation energy. 90Y is a pure β-emitter with a half-life of 64.1 hours that is used for treatment of the knee joint. β-radiation of this radionuclide possesses maximum energy of 2.281 MeV (99.98%), mean pathway of 3.6 mm in the soft tissue and maximum 11 mm. In this project, hydroxyapatite (HAp) is applied as a colloid maker agent that interacts with 90Y3+ ions via ion-dipole bonds and produces 90Y-HAp. The colloidal pharmaceutical is produced by adding an acidic solution of 90YCl3 to an HAp suspension in saline. Effective parameters within which the colloid is applied, such as the volume of diluent, HAp particle size and sonication effect were evaluated and tested. First, these determinative parameters were optimized in the simulated conditions and then examined in the active phase. Finally, the best procedure was determined for the production of the radiopharmaceutical. Radionuclide purity of the radiopharmaceutical according to the primary 90YCl3 solution was over 99.9%. Labeling yield and radiochemical purity were obtained over 99% using TLC method in saline solvent up to three days after production of radiopharmaceutical. Radiochemical purity of 90Y-HAp colloid was also evaluated in human serum albumin solution for three days at room temperature. The amount of released activity was between 0.3 to 2%.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_373_1c79533bbe23dd9e87374bdd31725277.pdf
2012-11-21
40
48
Yttrium-90
Hydroxyapatite
Colloidal Radiopharmaceutical
90Y-HAp
Radiosynovectomy
M.R
Davarpanah
1
پژوهشکدهی چرخه ی سوخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
H.A
Khoshhosn
2
پژوهشکدهی چرخه ی سوخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
S
Attar Nosrati
3
پژوهشکدهی چرخه ی سوخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
S.M
Harati
4
پژوهشکدهی چرخه ی سوخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
S.M
Aghamiri
5
پژوهشکدهی چرخه ی سوخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
M
Ghannadi Maragheh
mghanadi@aeoi.org.ir
6
پژوهشکدهی چرخه ی سوخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
G. Modder, Radiosynoviorthesis-involvement of nuclear medicine in rheumatology and orthopaedics, Germany: Warlich Druck und Verlagsges (1995).
1
B.K. DAS, P.K. Pradhan, A.K. Shukla, R. Misra, Role of radiosynovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis, J. Indian Rheumatol Assoc, 12 (2004) 98-103.
2
O.T. Makela, M.J. Lammi, H. Usitalo, P. Penttila, E. Kolehmainen, A. Sukura, S. Sankari, R.M. Tulamo, Experimental radiation synovectomy in rabbit knee with holmium-166 ferric hydroxide macro aggregate, Nucl. Med. Biol, 29 (2002) 593-598.
3
S. Ofluoglu, E. Schwameis, H. Zehetgruber, E. Havlik, A. Wanivenhaus, I. Schweeger, K. Weiss, H. Sinzinger, C. Pirich, Radiation synovectomy with (166) Ho-ferric hydroxide: a first experience, J. Nucl. Med, 43 (2002) 1489-1494.
4
H.J. Siegel, J.V. Jr Lock, M.E. Siegel, C. Quinones, Phosphate-32 colloid radiosynovectomy in hemophilia: outcome of 125 procedures, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res, 392 (2001) 409-417.
5
K. Kothari, S. Suresh, H.D. Sarma, V. Meera, M.R.A. Pillai, 188Re-labeled hydroxyapatite particles for radiation synovectomy, Appl. Radiat. Isot, 58 (2003) 463-468.
6
C.Y. Shin, M. Son, J.I. Ko, M.Y. Jung, I.K. Lee, S.H. Kim, W.B. Kim, J.M. Jeong, Y.W. Song, DA-7911, 188-Rheniumtin colloid, as a new therapeutic agent of rheumatoid arthritis, Arch. Pharm. Res, 26 (2003) 168-172.
7
B.C. Shin, K.B. Park, B.S. Jang, S.M. Lim, C.K. Shim, Preparation of 153Sm-chitosan complex for radiation synovectomy, Nucl. Med. Biol, 28 (2001) 719-725.
8
S. Srivastava, E. Dadachova, Recent advances in radionuclide therapy, Semin. Nucl. Med, 31 (2001) 330-341.
9
C. Lueders, M. Kopec, K. Morstin, T. Schmitz, L.E. Feinendegen, Die radiosynoviorthese anwendung und durchfuhrung unter Besonderer Berucksitigung dosimetrischer aspekte, Akt. Rheumatol, 17 (1992) 74-81.
10
W.M. Baker, The formation of abnormal synovial cysts in connection with the joints, St Bartholomew’s Hosp. Rep, 21 (1885) 177-190.
11
U. Pandey, K. Bapat, H. Dev Sarma, P.S. Dhami, P.W. Naik, G. Samuel, M. Venkatesh, Bioevaluation of 90Y-labeled particles in animal model of arthritis, Ann. Nucl. Med, 23 (2009) 333-339.
12
P. Schneider, J. Farahati, C. Reiners, Radiosynovectomy in rheumatology, orthopedics, and hemophilia, J. Nucl. Med, 46 (2005) 48S-54S.
13
F.W.S. Webb, J. Lowe, R. Bluestone, Uptake of colloidal radioactive yttrium by synovial membrane, Ann. Rheum. Dis., 28 (1969) 300-302.
14
A.M. Isomaki, H. Inouhe, M. Oka, Uptake of 90-Yttrium resin colloid by synovial cells and synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis, Scand. J. Rheum, 1 (1972) 53-60.
15
M. Khalid, A. Mushtaq, Preparation and in vitro stability of (n,γ) Yttrium-90 hydrony apatite, Appl. Radiat. Isot, 62 (2005) 587-590.
16
J.M. Hughes, M. Cameron, K.D. Crowley, Structural variations in natural F, OH, and Cl apatites, American Mineralogist, 74 (1989) 870-876.
17
Gopal B. Saha, Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy, 5th Ed., Springer-Verlag NY, Translated by: M. Ghannadi Maragheh, R. Gholipour Peyvandi and A. Bahrami Samani (2003).
18
R. LeGeros, Biologically relevant calcium phosphates: preparation and characterization, calcium phosphates in oral biology and medicine, Basel: Karger, 31 (1991).
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Optimum Process Conditions for Sulfuric Acid Dissolution of Zarigan Thorium-Uranium Ore Using Taguchi Method
This paper deals with the study of digestion and leaching process effectiveness in thorium minerals processing, and determining the optimum process conditions for acidic leaching of thorium- uranium ores in Zarigan region to dissolve thorium. To do this, some samples from Zarygan region were studied mineralogically in laboratory. The sample containing minerals such as Anorthite, Quartz, Sanidine, Vermiculite, Albite, Gypsum, Muscovite, Anatase and Magnetite were ground in specified dimensions and then mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid. Then the mixture was heated to a high temperature. After diluting the mixture with water, it was dissolved by means of agitation leaching. The effects of different parameters such as particle size, temperature and time of digestion, concentration of sulfuric acid, and acid to ore ratio, with the aim of determining their optimum value, were studied which resulted in the following optimum values for the above-mentioned parameters: particle size of 250 μm, temperature of 180 °C, time of 5h, concentration of sulfuric acid of 10.8 mol/lit, and acid to ore ratio of 3. Under these conditions, maximum recovery of thorium was 92%. Nitric acid (oxidant) concentration effect on the recovery of thorium in the optimum conditions was studied, and for the 2M of nitric acid concentration, thorium recovery of 97% was obtained.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_374_c244872131d00cd103c69db800eb7747.pdf
2012-11-21
49
57
Acid Digestion
Leaching
Thorium- Uranium Ore
Zarighan
Optimization
Taguchi Method
S
A. Milani
salamdar@aeoi.org.ir
1
پژوهشکدهی چرخهی سوخت هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
B
Rezai
2
گروه مهندسی معدن، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات، صندوق پستی: 143-14115، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
A
Emami
3
گروه مهندسی معدن، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات، صندوق پستی: 143-14115، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
R. Meera, Synergistic solvent extraction of thorium(IV) and uranium(VI) with R-Diketones in presence of oxo-donors, Ph.D. thesis, India (2004) 1-5.
1
International Atomic Energy Agency, Thorium fuel cycles: potential benefits and challenges, IAEA Report, Vienna (2005).
2
S. Holden Charles, Thorium's Promise, Speech given before the american nuclear society eastern Washington Chapter, September 20 (2005).
3
J.E. Crawford, Thorium mineral facts and problems, U.S dept., Bureau of Mines Bull. 556 (1956).
4
F. Habashi, Handbook of extractive hydrometallurgy, Vol. III, New York (1997) 1650-1665.
5
M. Abdel-Rehim Aly, An innovative method for processing Ejyptian monazite, Hydrometalurgy, 67 (2002) 9-17.
6
A.E.M. Hussein, Successive uranium and thorium adsorption from Egyptian monazite by solvent impregnated foam, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 289 (2) (2011) 321-329.
7
Exploration Geophysics Group (EGG), Evaluation of radioactive elements in Zrigan district, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Tehran (1379).
8
F.L. Cathbert, Thorium production technology, National Lead Compony of Ohio, United State of Amearica (1958) 104-120.
9
D. Li, Y. Zuo, S. Meng, Separation of thorium (IV) and extracting rare earths from sulfuric and phosphoric acid solutions by solvent extraction method, J. Alloys and Compounds, 374 (2004) 431-433.
10
B. Gupta, P. Malik, A. Deep, Extraction of uranium, thorium and lanthanides using cyanex-923: Their separations and recovery from monazite, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 252 (2002) 451-456.
11
M. Eskandari Nasab, A. Sam, S.A. Milani, Determination of optimum process conditions for the separation of thorium and rare earth elements by solvent extraction, Hydrometallurgy, 106 (3–4) (2011) 141–147.
12
S.M. Wang, Taguchi’s method in optimizing the experimental conditions of simultaneous supercritical fluid extraction and chemical derivatization for the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in aqueous matrix, J. Solution Chem., 29 (2000) 63-86.
13
K. Ranjit, Design of experiments using the Taguchi approach: 16 steps to product and process improvement, A Wiley–Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons Inc., U.S.A. (2001).
14
M. Akbari, Investigation of the factors affectingSaghand-anomaly 5 uranium ore digestion, Master degree thesis, Bahonar uni., Kerman (2004) 69-84.
15
M. El-Hussaini, M. Omneya, Mohamed A. Mahdy,Sulfuric acid leaching of Kab Amiri niobium-tantalum bearing minerals, Central Eastern Desert, Egy, Hydrometallurgy, 64 (3) (2002) 219-229.
16
M. Gafari, M. Eskandari, Determination of optimum process of ball mill variables, Bachelor,s degree thesis, Bahonar Uni., Zarand Faculty (2008) 42-50.
17
R. Vijayalakshmi, S.L. Mishra, H. Singh, C.K. Gupta, Processing of xenotime concentrate by sulphuric acid digestion and selective thorium precipitation for separation of rare earths, India, Hydrometallurgy, 61 (2001) 75-80.
18
M. Kiaie, Uranium and thorium processing investigation in Saghand-anomaly 5, Master degree thesis, Bahonar Uni. (2000) 45-70.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Single Crystal Growth of BaCl2 & BaCl2:Eu2+ and Their Optical Characterisation for Ionizante Gamma Radiation Detection
Single Crystals of Orthorhombic BaCl2 and BaCl2:Eu2+ were grown using a home-made Czochralski system by extracting from the melt in a carbon crucible, and argon atmospheric pressure upon using BaCl2 and EuCl2 powders of 99.995% and 99.99% purity, respectively. The results corresponding to XRD analysis for the grown crystals confirm the phase purity and the orthorhombic structural phuse of the grown BaCl2 and BaCl2:Eu2+ crystals. The ICP model Optima-2100 was also used to measure Eu2+ ion concentration. The fluorescence emission, excitation and absorption spectra were obtained using a Cary-Eclipse WinFLR fluorometer and a Cary17D spectrophotometer. The prepared crystaling samples found to be colorless and transparent with no observed cleavage. Therefore, excluding OH-, oxygen and carbon contaminations from the growth system was to some extent a successful result, which is indicating that a transmittance coefficient of about 80% is considered as a suitable optical feature of the BaCl2 single crystal. The study of photoluminescence spectroscopy of BaCl2 single crystals, with and without Eu2+ ion impurity, showed that the occurrence of the high intensity and low band width (FWHM~30nm) PL-band of BaCl2:Eu2+ sample at 400nm are indicating an increase of the optical efficiency compared with and without applying the impurity. As a result, it could be observed that the doped crystals with europium can be served as a luminescence material for radiation detectors.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_375_59f980bc0757140b77a9b58ca1c00256.pdf
2012-11-21
58
64
Crystal Growth
Optical Properties
Ionizing Radiation
Barium Chloride
Z
Dorriz
zdorriz@yahoo.com
1
پژوهشکده مواد، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-11365، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
E
Jangjoo
ejangjoo@aeoi.org.ir
2
پژوهشکده مواد، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
H
Kalbasi
hkalbasi@aeoi.org.ir
3
پژوهشکده مواد، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
M
Esmaeilnia
4
پژوهشکده مواد، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
H
Faripour
5
پژوهشکده مواد، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
R
Khatiri
6
پژوهشکده مواد، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
N
A. Akbari
7
پژوهشکده مواد، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
1. S. Schweizer, J.-M. Spaeth, M. Secu, A. Edgar, G.V.M. Williams, Photostimulable defects in nano-crystallites in fluorozirconate glasses, Phys. Stat. Sol(a), 202(2) (2005) 243-249.
1
2. Jeremy Robinson, A photo and thermally stimulated luminescence study of BaCl2:Eu2+ with application to neutron imaging, Victoria University of Wellington (2008).
2
3. G.A. Appleby, A. Edgar, G.V.M. Williams, A.J.J. Bos, Photostimulated luminescence from BaCl2:Eu2+ nanocrystals in lithium borate glasses following neutron irradiation, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 (2006) 101902/1-101902/3.
3
4. J.M. Spaeth, Recent developments in X-ray storage phosphor materials, Rad. Meas. 33(5) (2001) 527-532.
4
5. L. Bottler-Jensen, S.W.S. Mckeever, A.G. Wintle, Optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry, Amesterdam:Elsevier Science B.V. (2003).
5
6. J. Selling, M.D. Birowosuto, P. Dorenbos, S. Schweizer, Europium-doped barium halide X-ray scintillators, Phys. Stat. Sol.(c) 4(3) (2007) 976-979.
6
E.B. Brackett, T.E. Brackett, R.L. Sass, The crystal structures of Barium Chloride, Barium Bromide, and Barium Iodide, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 67 (1963) 2132-2135.
7
B. Tanguy, P. Merle, M. Pezat, C. Fouassier, Emission f-f de l'europium divalent dans les phases MFCl (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) et BaLiF3, Mater. Res. Bull. 9 (1974) 831-836.
8
G. Blasse, On the nature of the Eu2+ luminescence, Phys. Status. Solidi (b) 55 (1973) k131-k134.
9
H.G. Lipson, J.J. Larkin, B. Bendow, S.S. Mitra, Molecular-impurity absorption in KC1 for infrared laser windows, J. Electron, Mater. 4(1) (1975) 1-24.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Rhodotron Accelerator Cavity
Electron accelerators use electric and magnetic fields to accelerate and control charged particles to the close proximity of the speed of light. The results of the experimental test performed on the Yazd Rhodotron cavity cooling system as well as the relevant numerical analysis carried out by the ANSYS 12 code are presented. It was found that the numerical prediction for the cavity wall temperature under normal operating condition was in reasonable agreement with the corresponding experimental result. In addition, due to the blockage effect of the cooling channels, the cavity wall temperature was higher than normal operating conditions.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_376_dccbc43ac5a48fabcf0ef352bf5c15b9.pdf
2012-11-21
65
72
Electron Accelerator
Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis
Blockage Effect of Cooling Channels
E
Dehghan
1
پژوهشکده کاربرد پرتوها، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 3486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
H
Kazeminejad
2
پژوهشکده کاربرد پرتوها، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 3486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.M
Poursaleh
3
پژوهشکده کاربرد پرتوها، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 3486-11365، تهران ـ ایران
AUTHOR
J. Pottier, A new type of RF electron accelerator: the Rhodotron, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 40/41 (1989) 943-945.
1
J.M. Bassaler, J.M. Capdevila, O. Gal, F. Laine, A. Nguyen, J.P. Nicolaj, K. Umiastowski, Rhodotron an accelerator for industrial irradiation, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B68 (1992) 92-95.
2
Y. Jongen, M. Abs, J.M. Capdevila, D. Defries, F. Genin, A. Nguyen, The Rhodotron, a 10 MeV, 100Kw beam power metric waves, CW electron accelerator, presented at the 7th All-Union Conference on applied accelerators, June 16-18, St Petersburg (CIS) (1992).
3
Y. Jongen, M. Abs, F. Genin, A. Nguyen, J.M. Capdevila, D. Defries, The Rhodotron, a new 10MeV, 100Kw, CW metric wave electron accelerator, presented at the International conference on the application of accelerators in research and industry, November 2-5 (1992) Denton (USA).
4
S. Humphries, Principles of charged particle accelerator, John Wiley and Sons (1986).
5
S. Humphries, Charged particle beams, John Wiley and Sons (2002).
6
J.P. Holman, Heat transfer, Tenth Edition, McGraw-Hill (2009).
7
S.W. Churchill and S.W.H. Ozee, Correlation for laminar forced convection in flow over an isothermal flat plate and in developing and fully developed flow in an isothermal tube, Journal of Heat Transfer (95) (1973).
8
ASTM A 516/A 516M-04, Standard specification for pressure vessel plates, Carbon steel, for moderate- and lower-temperature service, American society for testing and materials standards (2004).
9
ASTM A 666–03, Standard specification for annealed or cold-worked austenitic stainless steel sheet, strip, plate, and flat bar, American Society for Testing and Materials Standards (2004).
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development of Radiolabeled Recombinant Erythropoietin for Receptor Studies
The study of human erythropoietin receptor is of great importance in evolution, carcinogenesis as well as endocrine research. In this study the production and quality control of human recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) has been reported. EPO was successively labeled with [67Ga]-gallium chloride after conjugation with freshly prepared cyclic DTPA-dianhydride (ccDTPA). The best results of the conjugation were obtained by the addition of 0.5 ml of a EPO pharmaceutical solution (in phosphate buffer, pH=8) to a glass tube pre-coated with DTPA-dianhydride (0.01 mg) at 25°C with continuous mild stirring for 30 min followed by HPLC/RTLC control and biological biodistribution in normal rats. Under optimized conditions, radio-thin layer chromatography (RTLC), instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed overall radiochemical purity of higher than 96% (specific activity=300-500 MBq/mg, labeling efficiency 77%). Preliminary in vivo studies in normal rat specimen demonstrated a high liver, lung spleen, kidney as well as long bones uptake of the tracer; the fact which is consistent with the reported EPO receptor sites. This tracer can be used in nuclear medicine and biological studies for evaluation of EPO in vitro and/or in vivo.
https://jonsat.nstri.ir/article_377_38ef010059f60464a3447580eb807f37.pdf
2012-11-21
73
79
Radiogallium
EPO
Radiolabeling
Biodistribution
Radiotracer
A.R.
Jalilian
1
1. Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 14155-1339, Tehran-Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
H. Sadeghpour
2
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 158371345, Shiraz - Iran
AUTHOR
M
Akhlaghi
3
3. Research Institute for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 1411713137, Tehran - Iran
AUTHOR
E
Gholami
4
1. Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 14155-1339, Tehran-Iran
AUTHOR
M.J. Koury, S.T. Sawyer, S. Brandt, New insights into erythropoiesis, Curr Opinion Hematol (2002) 9: 93-100.
1
D. Wen, J. Boissel, T. Tracy, R. Gruninger, L. Mulcahy, J. Czelusniak, M. Goodman, H. Bunn, Erythropoietin structure-function relationships: high degree of sequence homology among mammals, Blood (1993) 82: 1507-1516.
2
H. Wu, X. Liu, R. Jaenisch, H.F. Lodish, Generation of committed erythroid BFU-E and CFU-E pro-genitors does not require erythropoietin or the erythropoietin receptor, Cell (1995) 83:59-67.
3
C.S. Lin, S.K. Lim, V. D’Agati, F. Costantini, Differential effects of an erythropoietin receptor gene dis-ruption on primitive and definitive erythropoiesis, Genes Dev (1996) 10:154-164.
4
H. Wu, S.H. Lee, J. Gao, X. Liu, M.L. Iruela-Arispe, Inactivation of erythropoietin leads to defects in cardiac morphogenesis, Development (1999) 126: 3597-3605.
5
M.L. Brines, P. Ghezzi, S. Keenan, D. Agnello, N.C. De Lanerolle, C. Cerami, L.M. Itri, A. Cerami, Erythropoietin crosses the blood-brain barrier to protect against experimental brain injury, Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. (2000) 12; 97(19): 10526-31.
6
A. Gorio, N. Gokmen, S. Erbayraktar, O. Yilmaz, L. Madaschi, C. Cichetti, A.M. Di Giulio, E. Vardar, A. Cerami, M. Brines, Recombinant human erythropoietin counteracts secondary injury and markedly enhances neurological recovery from experimental spinal cord trauma, Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. (2002) 9; 99(14): 9450-5.
7
M. Celik, N. Gökmen, S. Erbayraktar, M. Akhisaroglu, S. Konakc, C. Ulukus, S. Genc, K. Genc, E. Sagiroglu, A. Cerami, M. Brines, Erythropoietin prevents motor neuron apoptosis and neurologic disability in experimental spinal cord ischemic injury, Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. (2002) 19; 99(4): 2258-63.
8
D. Agnello, P. Bigini, P. Villa, T. Mennini, A. Cerami, M.L. Brines, P. Ghezzi, Erythropoietin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on the CNS in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Brain Res (2002) 11; 952(1): 128-34.
9
R. Bianchi, B. Buyukakilli, M. Brines, C. Savino, G. Cavaletti, N. Oggioni, G. Lauria, M. Borgna, R. Lombardi, B. Cimen, U. Comelekoglu, A. Kanik, C. Tataroglu, A. Cerami, P. Ghezzi, Erythropoietin both protects from and reverses experimental diabetic neuropathy, Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. (2004) 20;101(3): 823-8.
10
A.L. Sirén, M. Fratelli, M. Brines, C. Goemans, S. Casagrande, P. Lewczuk, S. Keenan, C. Gleiter, C. Pasquali, A. Capobianco, T. Mennini, R. Heumann, A. Cerami, H. Ehrenreich, P. Ghezzi, Erythropoietin prevents neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia and metabolic stress, Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. (2001) 27; 98(7):4044-9.
11
S. Masuda, E. Kada, M. Nagao, R. Sasaki, In vitro neuroprotective action of recombinant rat erythropoietin produced by astrocyte cell lines and comparative studies with erythropoietin produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells, Cytotechnology (1999) 29: 207-213.
12
S.E. Juul, D.J. Ledbetter, A.E. Joyce, C. Dame, R.D. Christensen, Y. Zhao, V. DeMarco, Erythropoietin acts as a trophic factor in neonatal rat intestine, Gut (2001) 49: 182-189.
13
A.L. Miller-Gilbert, S.H. Dubuque, B. Dvorak, C.S. Williams, J.G. Grille, S.S. Woodward, O. Koldovsky, P.J. Kling, Enteral absorption of erythropoietin in the suckling rat, Pediatr Res (2001) 50(2): 261-267.
14
J.A. Widness, R.L. Schmidt, P. Veng-Pedersen, N.B. Modi, S.T. Sawyer, A sensitive and specific erythropoietin immunoprecipitation assay: application to pharmacokinetic studies, J Lab Clin Med (1992) 119(3): 285-94.
15
A. Anagnostou, E.S. Lee, N. Kessimian, R. Levinson, M. Steiner, Erythropoietin has a mitogenic and positive chemotactic effect on endothelial cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 87(15): 5978-5982.
16
A. Tojo, H. Fukamachi, T. Saito, M. Kasuga, A. Urabe, F. Takaku, Induction of the receptor for erythropoietin in murine erythroleukemia cells after dimethyl sulfoxide treatment, Cancer Res (1988) 48: 1818-22.
17
Y. Yasuda, Y. Fujita, T. Matsuo, S. Koinuma, S. Hara, A. Tazaki, M. Onozaki, M. Hashimoto, T. Musha, K. Ogawa, H. Fujita, Y. Nakamura, H. Shiozaki, H. Utsumi, Erythropoietin regulates tumour growth of human malignancies, Carcinogenesis (2003) 24(6): 1021-19.
18
S. Elliott, A.M. Sinclair, The effect of erythropoietin on normal and neoplastic cells, Biologics (2012) 6: 163-89, Epub 2012 Jun 27.
19
P. Wu, N. Zhang, X. Wang, C. Zhang, T. Li, X. Ning, K. Gong, The erythropoietin/ erythropoietin receptor signaling pathway promotes growth and invasion abilities in human renal carcinoma cells, PLoS One (2012) 7(9): e45122.
20
V. Stefanovic, P. Pakarinen, H. Alfthan, U.H. Stenman, A. Leminen, J. Pociuviene, A. Riska, M. Loukovaara, Erythropoietin is detectable in the ascitic fluid in patients with ovarian tumors, Int J Gynecol Cancer, (28 Sep, 2012) [Epub ahead of print].
21
R.B. Firestone, V.S. Shirley, C.M. Baglin, J. Zipkin, In: Table of isotopes, 8th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1996) 1447.
22
H. Sadeghpour, A.R. Jalilian, M. Akhlaghi, M. Kamali-Dehghan, M. Mirzaii, Preparation and biodistribution of [111In]-rHuEpo for erythropoietin receptor imaging, DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-7212-1. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 278, 1 (2008) 117-112.
23
D.J. Hnatowich, W.W. Layne, R.L. Child. Radioactive labeling of antibody: a simple and efficient method, Science (1983) 220: 613-619.
24
W.C. Eckelman, S.M. Karesh, R.C. Reba, New compounds: fatty acid and long chain hydrocarbon derivatives containing a strong chelating agent, J Pharm Sci (1975) 64: 704-706.
25
M.A. Green, M.J. Welch, Gallium radiopharmaceutical chemistry, Nucl Med Biol (1989) 16: 435-448.
26
T. Ng, G. Marx, T. Littlewood, I. Macdougall, Recombinant erythropoietin in clinical practice, Postgrad Med J (2003) 79: 367-376 doi:10.1136/pmj.79.933.367 (Review).
27