سنتز نانوپودر دی‌اکسید اورانیم-توریم به روش هیدروترمال فوق بحرانی

حیدری چناری, علی; احمدی, سید جواد; ضحاکی‌فر, فاضل

doi:10.24200/nst.2021.1204

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ گروه مهندسی مواد و چرخه سوخت هسته‌ای، دانشکده مهندسی انرژی و فیزیک، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، صندوق پستی: 4413-15875‌، تهران-ایران

² پژوهشکده‌ی چرخه سوخت هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران-ایران

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2021.1204

چکیده

با توجه به محدود بودن ذخایر اورانیم و مزایای سوخت‌های توریمی نسبت به سوخت‌های اورانیمی، توسعه چرخه سوخت توریم در کشورهای مختلف ازجمله ایران مورد توجه قرار‌ گرفته است. یکی از انواع سوخت‌های توریمی مورد استفاده در راکتورهای هست‌های، سوخت مخلوط دی‌اکسید اورانیم- توریم است. نوع روش سنتز پودر، نکته‌ای کلیدی در کارایی بهتر و بهینه‌ی این سوخت در راکتور است. هدف اصلی این مطالعه، ساخت مخلوط نانوذرات اکسیدی توریم و اورانیم با ترکیب درصد وزنی 30% تا 70% ₂O‌(Th-U) بود. با استفاده از طراحی آزمایش تاگوچی اثر چهار پارامتر غلظت، زمان، درصد اولیه نیترات اورانیم- توریم در محلول و دما بررسی شد. نانوذرات سنتزشده با آنالیزهای XRD،BET ،EDS و SEM مشخصه‌یابی شدند. در بهترین شرایط نمونه‌ی پودری با خصوصیت (15_/33% تا 85_/66‌% ‌₂O‌(Th-U)) به‌دست آمد. نمونه بهینه دارای ذراتی با اندازه nm 25_/13 و خلوص 100% بود که نشان‌دهنده کارایی بالای سیال فوق‌بحرانی برای تولید نانوذرات است. نتایج نشان داد که روش هیدروترمال فوقبحرانی عملکرد مطلوبی جهت تولید مخلوط نانوذرات اکسیدی توریم و اورانیم دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.17351871.1400.42.2.11.9

عنوان مقاله [English]

Synthesis of Uranium-Thorium dioxide nano powder using supercritical hydrothermal method

نویسندگان [English]

A. H. Chenari ¹
S.J. Ahmadi ²
F. Zahakifar ²

¹ Energy Engineering and Physics Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box: 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

² Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 11365-8486, Tehran-Iran

چکیده [English]

Due to the limited uranium reserves and advantages of thorium fuels over uranium fuels, the development of the thorium fuel cycle in various countries including Iran, has been considered significantly. One type of thorium fuels used in nuclear reactors is a mixture of uranium dioxide and thorium. The type of powder synthesis method is a key point in improving the efficiency of this fuel in the reactor. The main objective of the present study was to achieve mixed nanoparticles of 30-70% (Th-U)O₂. The effect of four parameters including concentration, time, initial percentage of uranium-thorium nitrate in solution, and temperature was studied using Taguchi's experimental design. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, BET, EDS, and SEM analyses. The results showed that at the best conditions, the nanoparticles were synthesized with a weight percentage of 32.28 and 67.72%, a particle size of 13.25 nm, high purity, and high surface area. Also, the results showed that the supercritical hydrothermal method has performed well for mixed nanoparticles of 30-70% (Th-U)O₂ production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Thorium fuel
Supercritical hydrothermal
Homogeneous
Nano powder

مراجع

1. Thorium Fuel Cycle., Potential benefits and challenges (IAEI, Vienna, 2005).

2. Thorium Fuel Utilization: Options and Trends. (IAEI, Vienna, 2002).

3. Fabrication of thorium fuel pellets using nanoparticles and microparticles of thorium dioxide and comparison of their physical properties, Ph.D thesis, Nuclear Science and Technology Institute and Amirkabir University (2016) (in persian).

4. S. Komarneni, Nanophase materials by hydrothermal, microwave-hydrothermal and microwave-solvothermal methods, Cur. Sci. Ban. 85, 1730 (2003).

5. D. W. Matson et al., A flow-through hydrothermal method for the synthesis of active nanocrystalline catalysts, Adv. Tech. Cat. Pre. 259 (1996).

6. H. Hayashi, Y. Hakuta, Hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles in supercritical water, Materials 3, 3794 (2010).

7. M. Outokesh et al., Hydrothermal synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: study on effects of operational conditions on yield, purity, and size of the nanoparticles, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50, 3540 (2011).

8. S. Giri et al., Magnetic properties of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle synthesized by a new hydrothermal method, J. Mag. Mag. Mat. 285 296 (2005).

9. Y. Arai, S. Takeshi, Y. Takebayashi, Reactions in supercritical fluids (Springer, Germany, 2013).

10. Y. Shigeru, Y. Takahashi, Preparation of high density (Th,vhkd,l U)O₂ pellets by sol-gel microsphere pelletization and 1300°C air sintering, J. Nucl. Mat. 217, 127 (1994).

11. T. Pavelková et al., Preparation of UO₂, ThO₂ and (Th, U)O₂ pellets from photochemically-prepared nano-powders, J. Nucl. Mat. 469, 57 (2016).

12. N.Hingant et al., sintering and leaching of optimized uranium thorium dioxides, J. Nucl. Mat. 385 400 (2009).

13. G. Rousseau et al., Synthesis and characterization of nanometric powders of UO_2+x,(Th, U)O_2+x and (La,U)O_{2+ x}, J. Sol. Stat. Chem. 182 2591 (2009).

14. N. Mohseni et al., Characterization of ThO₂ and (Th,U)O₂ pellets consolidated from NSD-sol gel derived nanoparticles, Cer. Inte. 43, 3025 (2017).

15. S. J. Ahmadi et al., Optimization study on formation and decomposition of zinc hydroxynitrates to pure zinc oxide nanoparticles in supercritical water, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52, 1448 (2013).

16. Y. Liu et al., Ostwald ripening of β-carotene nanoparticles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007).

17. Holzwarth et al., The Scherrer equation versus the'Debye-Scherrer equation, Nat. Nano. 6, 534 (2011).

18. Mody et al., Introduction to metallic nanoparticles, J. Phar. Bio. Sci. 2, 282 (2010).

19. Sing, SW Kenneth, Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity, Pur. App. Chem. 57, 603 (1985).

20. TD. Shen et al., Enhanced radiation tolerance in nanocrystalline MgGa₂O₄, App. Phy. Let. 90, 263115 (2007).

21. M. Roshanzamir, R. Khazaneh, Nuclear fuel based on its use in pressurized water reactors (AEOI, Iran, 1996) (in persian).

مجله علوم و فنون هسته ای

سنتز نانوپودر دی‌اکسید اورانیم-توریم به روش هیدروترمال فوق بحرانی

مراجع

مراجع

1. Thorium Fuel Cycle., Potential benefits and challenges (IAEI, Vienna, 2005).

2. Thorium Fuel Utilization: Options and Trends. (IAEI, Vienna, 2002).

3. Fabrication of thorium fuel pellets using nanoparticles and microparticles of thorium dioxide and comparison of their physical properties, Ph.D thesis, Nuclear Science and Technology Institute and Amirkabir University (2016) (in persian).

4. S. Komarneni, Nanophase materials by hydrothermal, microwave-hydrothermal and microwave-solvothermal methods, Cur. Sci. Ban. 85, 1730 (2003).

5. D. W. Matson et al., A flow-through hydrothermal method for the synthesis of active nanocrystalline catalysts, Adv. Tech. Cat. Pre. 259 (1996).

6. H. Hayashi, Y. Hakuta, Hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles in supercritical water, Materials 3, 3794 (2010).

7. M. Outokesh et al., Hydrothermal synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: study on effects of operational conditions on yield, purity, and size of the nanoparticles, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50, 3540 (2011).

8. S. Giri et al., Magnetic properties of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle synthesized by a new hydrothermal method, J. Mag. Mag. Mat. 285 296 (2005).

9. Y. Arai, S. Takeshi, Y. Takebayashi, Reactions in supercritical fluids (Springer, Germany, 2013).

10. Y. Shigeru, Y. Takahashi, Preparation of high density (Th,vhkd,l U)O₂ pellets by sol-gel microsphere pelletization and 1300°C air sintering, J. Nucl. Mat. 217, 127 (1994).

11. T. Pavelková et al., Preparation of UO₂, ThO₂ and (Th, U)O₂ pellets from photochemically-prepared nano-powders, J. Nucl. Mat. 469, 57 (2016).

12. N.Hingant et al., sintering and leaching of optimized uranium thorium dioxides, J. Nucl. Mat. 385 400 (2009).

13. G. Rousseau et al., Synthesis and characterization of nanometric powders of UO_2+x,(Th, U)O_2+x and (La,U)O_{2+ x}, J. Sol. Stat. Chem. 182 2591 (2009).

14. N. Mohseni et al., Characterization of ThO₂ and (Th,U)O₂ pellets consolidated from NSD-sol gel derived nanoparticles, Cer. Inte. 43, 3025 (2017).

15. S. J. Ahmadi et al., Optimization study on formation and decomposition of zinc hydroxynitrates to pure zinc oxide nanoparticles in supercritical water, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52, 1448 (2013).

16. Y. Liu et al., Ostwald ripening of β-carotene nanoparticles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007).

17. Holzwarth et al., The Scherrer equation versus the'Debye-Scherrer equation, Nat. Nano. 6, 534 (2011).

18. Mody et al., Introduction to metallic nanoparticles, J. Phar. Bio. Sci. 2, 282 (2010).

19. Sing, SW Kenneth, Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity, Pur. App. Chem. 57, 603 (1985).

20. TD. Shen et al., Enhanced radiation tolerance in nanocrystalline MgGa₂O₄, App. Phy. Let. 90, 263115 (2007).

دوره 42، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 96
تیر 1400
صفحه 88-94

سنتز نانوپودر دی‌اکسید اورانیم-توریم به روش هیدروترمال فوق بحرانی

مراجع

مراجع

1. Thorium Fuel Cycle., Potential benefits and challenges (IAEI, Vienna, 2005).

2. Thorium Fuel Utilization: Options and Trends. (IAEI, Vienna, 2002).

3. Fabrication of thorium fuel pellets using nanoparticles and microparticles of thorium dioxide and comparison of their physical properties, Ph.D thesis, Nuclear Science and Technology Institute and Amirkabir University (2016) (in persian).

4. S. Komarneni, Nanophase materials by hydrothermal, microwave-hydrothermal and microwave-solvothermal methods, Cur. Sci. Ban. 85, 1730 (2003).

5. D. W. Matson et al., A flow-through hydrothermal method for the synthesis of active nanocrystalline catalysts, Adv. Tech. Cat. Pre. 259 (1996).

6. H. Hayashi, Y. Hakuta, Hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles in supercritical water, Materials 3, 3794 (2010).

7. M. Outokesh et al., Hydrothermal synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: study on effects of operational conditions on yield, purity, and size of the nanoparticles, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50, 3540 (2011).

8. S. Giri et al., Magnetic properties of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle synthesized by a new hydrothermal method, J. Mag. Mag. Mat. 285 296 (2005).

9. Y. Arai, S. Takeshi, Y. Takebayashi, Reactions in supercritical fluids (Springer, Germany, 2013).

10. Y. Shigeru, Y. Takahashi, Preparation of high density (Th,vhkd,l U)O2 pellets by sol-gel microsphere pelletization and 1300°C air sintering, J. Nucl. Mat. 217, 127 (1994).

11. T. Pavelková et al., Preparation of UO2, ThO2 and (Th, U)O2 pellets from photochemically-prepared nano-powders, J. Nucl. Mat. 469, 57 (2016).

12. N.Hingant et al., sintering and leaching of optimized uranium thorium dioxides, J. Nucl. Mat. 385 400 (2009).

13. G. Rousseau et al., Synthesis and characterization of nanometric powders of UO2+x,(Th, U)O2+x and (La,U)O2+ x, J. Sol. Stat. Chem. 182 2591 (2009).

14. N. Mohseni et al., Characterization of ThO2 and (Th,U)O2 pellets consolidated from NSD-sol gel derived nanoparticles, Cer. Inte. 43, 3025 (2017).

15. S. J. Ahmadi et al., Optimization study on formation and decomposition of zinc hydroxynitrates to pure zinc oxide nanoparticles in supercritical water, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52, 1448 (2013).

16. Y. Liu et al., Ostwald ripening of β-carotene nanoparticles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007).

17. Holzwarth et al., The Scherrer equation versus the'Debye-Scherrer equation, Nat. Nano. 6, 534 (2011).

18. Mody et al., Introduction to metallic nanoparticles, J. Phar. Bio. Sci. 2, 282 (2010).

19. Sing, SW Kenneth, Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity, Pur. App. Chem. 57, 603 (1985).

20. TD. Shen et al., Enhanced radiation tolerance in nanocrystalline MgGa2O4, App. Phy. Let. 90, 263115 (2007).

دوره 42، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 96تیر 1400صفحه 88-94

8. S. Giri et al., Magnetic properties of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle synthesized by a new hydrothermal method, J. Mag. Mag. Mat. 285 296 (2005).

10. Y. Shigeru, Y. Takahashi, Preparation of high density (Th,vhkd,l U)O₂ pellets by sol-gel microsphere pelletization and 1300°C air sintering, J. Nucl. Mat. 217, 127 (1994).

11. T. Pavelková et al., Preparation of UO₂, ThO₂ and (Th, U)O₂ pellets from photochemically-prepared nano-powders, J. Nucl. Mat. 469, 57 (2016).

13. G. Rousseau et al., Synthesis and characterization of nanometric powders of UO_2+x,(Th, U)O_2+x and (La,U)O_{2+ x}, J. Sol. Stat. Chem. 182 2591 (2009).

14. N. Mohseni et al., Characterization of ThO₂ and (Th,U)O₂ pellets consolidated from NSD-sol gel derived nanoparticles, Cer. Inte. 43, 3025 (2017).

20. TD. Shen et al., Enhanced radiation tolerance in nanocrystalline MgGa₂O₄, App. Phy. Let. 90, 263115 (2007).

دوره 42، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 96
تیر 1400
صفحه 88-94