مطالعه‌ نظری و تجربی تولید رادیونوکلئید درمانی-تشخیصی ‌Sc‌47 در سیکلوترون کرج

جعفری, علی; عبودزاده, محمدرضا; شریفیان, مژگان; صادقی, مهدی; رحیمی‌نژاد, علی; علیرضا‌پور, بهروز; رجبی‌فر, سعید

doi:10.24200/nst.2021.1207

نوع مقاله : مقاله فنی

نویسندگان

¹ پژوهشکده کاربرد پرتوها، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 836‌-‌14395‌، تهران – ایران

² گروه فیزیک، دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران شمال، صندوق پستی: : 936- 19585، تهران - ایران

³ گروه فیزیک پزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، صندوق پستی: 6183‌-‌14115، تهران - ایران

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2021.1207

چکیده

اسکاندیم-47 در درمان رادیونوکلئیدی، به‌ویژه در تصویربرداری برش‌نگاری رایانه‌ای تک‌فوتونی (SPECT) قابلیت استفاده دارد. در این پژوهش، به‌‌منظور تولید رادیونوکلئید‌ Sc‌‌⁴⁷، برهمکنش پروتونی تیتانیم طبیعی در سیکلوترون کرج مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در ابتدا، توابع برانگیختگی واکنش‌های منجر به تولید رادیونوکلئید Sc‌‌⁴⁷ به همراه ناخالصی‌های رادیوایزوتوپی همراه آن، با استفاده از کدهای هسته‌‎ای TALYS-1.9، ALICE/ASH و EMPIRE-3.2.2 ارزیابی ‌شده است. ضخامت هدف برای بهترین محدوده‌ی انرژی پیشنهادی با استفاده از توان توقف‌های به‌‌دست‌ آمده از کد SRIM-2013 تخمین زده‌ شده است. بهره‌ی تولید نظری برای هر واکنش با استفاده از انتگرال سیمپسون محاسبه گردیده است. فویل تیتانیم طبیعی توسط باریکه‌ی پروتونی با انرژی MeV 5_/29، در سیکلوترون کرج بمباران گردیده است. شدت‌ جریان کلی پرتودهی‌شده روی هدف در پایان بمباران، μA·h 5 بوده است. از روش استخراج مایع- مایع، برای جداسازی ناخالصی‌های رادیوایزوتوپی استفاده ‌شده است. کنترل کیفی با استفاده از طیف‌نگاری پرتو گاما انجام پذیرفته است. بازده جداسازی اسکاندیم- 47 برابر 95% به‌دست آمده است. نتایج تجربی به‌‌دست‌ آمده، توافق خوبی را با نتایج شبیه‌سازی و داده‌های تجربی منتشر شده نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.17351871.1400.42.2.14.2

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Theoretical and Experimental study of the Theranostic Radionuclide Scandium-47 in Karaj Cyclotron

نویسندگان [English]

A. Jafari ¹
M. R. Aboudzadeh ¹
M. Sharifian ²
M. Sadeghi ³
A. Rahiminezhad ¹
B. Alirezapour ¹
S. Rajabifar ¹

¹ Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O. Box 14395-836, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Physics, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box: 19585-936, Tehran, Iran

³ Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14115-6183, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

the Scandium-47 shows undertaking capability in therapeutic radionuclide, particularly in the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique. In this study, for the production of the ⁴⁷Sc, the proton interaction on natural titanium was investigated by the Karaj cyclotron. At first, the excitation functions for the production of ⁴⁷Sc and accompanying impurities via proton bombardment of titanium targets were evaluated by three nuclear codes, TALYS-1.9, ALICE/ASH, and EMPIRE-3.2.2. The target thickness for the best range of suggested energy estimated through the stopping power using the SRIM-2013 code. The theoretical yields for each reaction were calculated using Simpson's integral. The ^natTi foil was irradiated by a 29.5 MeV incident proton beam in the Karaj Cyclotron. The total current irradiated on the target was 5 μA·h at the end of the bombardment. The liquid-liquid extraction (LLX) method was employed for the separation of radiochemical impurities. Quality control was performed by γ-ray spectrometry. The separation yield of scandium-47 was 95%. The results showed good agreement with simulated and published experimental data.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Scandium-47
Radionuclide
Excitation function
Cyclotron

مراجع

1. ‌M.U. Khandaker, et al., Investigations of the^natTi(p,x)^{43,44m,44g,46,47,48}Sc,⁴⁸V nuclear processes up to 40 MeV, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 67, 1348-1354 (2009).

2. IAEA-TECDOC-1211, Charged Particle Cross-Section Database for Medical Radioisotope Production: Diagnostic Radioisotopes and Monitor Reactions, IAEA Technical Report, Vienna, May (2001). Available, http://www-nds.iaea.org/publications/tecdocs/iaea-tecdoc-1211.pdf.

3. M.U. Khandaker, H. Haba, J. Kanaya, N. Otuka, Excitation functions of (d,x) nuclear reactions on natural titanium up to 24 MeV, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 296, 14-21 (2013).

4. M. Mamtimin, F. Harmon,V.N. Starovoitova, Sc-47 production from titanium targets using electron linacs, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 102, 1-4 (2015).

5. L.‌Deilami-nezhad, et al., Production and purification of Scandium-47: A potential radioisotope for cancer theranostics, Appl. Radiat. Isot. vol. 118, no. September, pp. 124–130 (2016).

6. S.F. Hosseini, M. Sadeghi, M.R. Aboudzadeh, Theoretical assessment and targeted modeling of TiO₂ in a reactor towards the scandium radioisotopes estimation, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 127, 116-121 (2017).

7. B. Bartoś, A. Bilewicz, New method for 47Sc production in nuclear reactor Maria at Świerk, Nuclear Medicine and Biology. 37, 677-726 (2010).

‌8. ‌E. Garrido, et al., New excitation functions for proton-induced reactions on natural titanium, nickel, and copper up to 70 MeV. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 383, 191-212 (2016).

9. K.A. Domnanich, et al., ⁴⁷Sc as useful β^-emitter for the radiotheragnostic paradigm: a comparative study of feasible production routes, EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry. 2(1):5 (2017).

10. ‌R. Misiak, et al., ⁴⁷Sc production development by cyclotron irradiation of ⁴⁸Ca, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 313, 429–434 (2017).

11. A. Jafari, et al., Investigations of proton and deuteron induced nuclear reactions on natural and enriched Titanium, Calcium and Vanadium targets, with special reference to the production of ⁴⁷Sc, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 152, 145-155 (2019).

12. D. Koning, A.J. Rochman, Talys based evaluated nuclear data library (TENDL) data library, Available from https://tendl.web.psi.ch/tendl_ 2019/talys.html.

13. ‌‌C.H.M. Broeders, et al., ALICE/ASH Pre-compound and evaporation model code system for calculation of excitation functions, energy and angular distributions of emitted particles in nuclear reaction at intermediate energies. Available from http://bibliothek.fzk.de/zb/berichte/FZKA7183.pdf (2006).

14. M. Herman, et al., Nuclear reaction model code empire-3.2 (malta) (2012).

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16. M. Sadeghi, N. Zandi, M. Bakhtiari, Nuclear model calculation for cyclotron production of ⁶¹Cu as a PET imaging, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 291(2), 777-783 (2012).

17. S. Lahiri, S. Banerjee, N.R. Das, LLX separation of carrier-free ⁴⁷Sc, ⁴⁸V and ^{48, 49, 51}Cr produced in α-particle activated titanium with HDEHP, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47(1), 1-6 (1996).

18. E. Gadioli, et al., Emission of alpha particles in the interaction of 10–85 MeV protons with ^48,50Ti, Z. Physik A 301, 289-300 (1981).

19. V.N. Levkovskii, The cross-sections of activation of nuclides of middle-range mass (A=40-100) by protons and alpha particles of middle range energies (E=10-50 MeV), Inter-Vesy, Moscow. (1991).

20. K. Zarie, N. Al-Hammad, A. Azzam, Experimental study of excitation functions of some proton induced reactions on ^natTi for beam monitoring purposes, Radiochimica Acta. 94 (12), 795-799 (2006).

21. R. Michel, et al., Proton-induced reactions on titanium with energies between 13 and 45 MeV,. Journal of Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry 40 (11), 1845–1851 (1978).

22. R. Michel, et al., Cross sections for the production of residual nuclides by low- and medium-energy protons from the target elements C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba and Au, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 129, 153-193 (1997).

مجله علوم و فنون هسته ای

مطالعه‌ نظری و تجربی تولید رادیونوکلئید درمانی-تشخیصی ‌Sc‌47 در سیکلوترون کرج

مراجع

مراجع

1. ‌M.U. Khandaker, et al., Investigations of the^natTi(p,x)^{43,44m,44g,46,47,48}Sc,⁴⁸V nuclear processes up to 40 MeV, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 67, 1348-1354 (2009).

2. IAEA-TECDOC-1211, Charged Particle Cross-Section Database for Medical Radioisotope Production: Diagnostic Radioisotopes and Monitor Reactions, IAEA Technical Report, Vienna, May (2001). Available, http://www-nds.iaea.org/publications/tecdocs/iaea-tecdoc-1211.pdf.

3. M.U. Khandaker, H. Haba, J. Kanaya, N. Otuka, Excitation functions of (d,x) nuclear reactions on natural titanium up to 24 MeV, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 296, 14-21 (2013).

4. M. Mamtimin, F. Harmon,V.N. Starovoitova, Sc-47 production from titanium targets using electron linacs, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 102, 1-4 (2015).

5. L.‌Deilami-nezhad, et al., Production and purification of Scandium-47: A potential radioisotope for cancer theranostics, Appl. Radiat. Isot. vol. 118, no. September, pp. 124–130 (2016).

6. S.F. Hosseini, M. Sadeghi, M.R. Aboudzadeh, Theoretical assessment and targeted modeling of TiO₂ in a reactor towards the scandium radioisotopes estimation, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 127, 116-121 (2017).

7. B. Bartoś, A. Bilewicz, New method for 47Sc production in nuclear reactor Maria at Świerk, Nuclear Medicine and Biology. 37, 677-726 (2010).

‌8. ‌E. Garrido, et al., New excitation functions for proton-induced reactions on natural titanium, nickel, and copper up to 70 MeV. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 383, 191-212 (2016).

9. K.A. Domnanich, et al., ⁴⁷Sc as useful β^-emitter for the radiotheragnostic paradigm: a comparative study of feasible production routes, EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry. 2(1):5 (2017).

10. ‌R. Misiak, et al., ⁴⁷Sc production development by cyclotron irradiation of ⁴⁸Ca, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 313, 429–434 (2017).

11. A. Jafari, et al., Investigations of proton and deuteron induced nuclear reactions on natural and enriched Titanium, Calcium and Vanadium targets, with special reference to the production of ⁴⁷Sc, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 152, 145-155 (2019).

12. D. Koning, A.J. Rochman, Talys based evaluated nuclear data library (TENDL) data library, Available from https://tendl.web.psi.ch/tendl_ 2019/talys.html.

14. M. Herman, et al., Nuclear reaction model code empire-3.2 (malta) (2012).

15. J.F. Ziegler, Interactions of ions with matter, Available from: http://www.srim.org/. (2013).

16. M. Sadeghi, N. Zandi, M. Bakhtiari, Nuclear model calculation for cyclotron production of ⁶¹Cu as a PET imaging, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 291(2), 777-783 (2012).

17. S. Lahiri, S. Banerjee, N.R. Das, LLX separation of carrier-free ⁴⁷Sc, ⁴⁸V and ^{48, 49, 51}Cr produced in α-particle activated titanium with HDEHP, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47(1), 1-6 (1996).

18. E. Gadioli, et al., Emission of alpha particles in the interaction of 10–85 MeV protons with ^48,50Ti, Z. Physik A 301, 289-300 (1981).

19. V.N. Levkovskii, The cross-sections of activation of nuclides of middle-range mass (A=40-100) by protons and alpha particles of middle range energies (E=10-50 MeV), Inter-Vesy, Moscow. (1991).

20. K. Zarie, N. Al-Hammad, A. Azzam, Experimental study of excitation functions of some proton induced reactions on ^natTi for beam monitoring purposes, Radiochimica Acta. 94 (12), 795-799 (2006).

21. R. Michel, et al., Proton-induced reactions on titanium with energies between 13 and 45 MeV,. Journal of Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry 40 (11), 1845–1851 (1978).

22. R. Michel, et al., Cross sections for the production of residual nuclides by low- and medium-energy protons from the target elements C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba and Au, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 129, 153-193 (1997).

دوره 42، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 96
تیر 1400
صفحه 113-121

مطالعه‌ نظری و تجربی تولید رادیونوکلئید درمانی-تشخیصی ‌Sc‌47 در سیکلوترون کرج

مراجع

مراجع

1. ‌M.U. Khandaker, et al., Investigations of thenatTi(p,x)43,44m,44g,46,47,48Sc,48V nuclear processes up to 40 MeV, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 67, 1348-1354 (2009).

2. IAEA-TECDOC-1211, Charged Particle Cross-Section Database for Medical Radioisotope Production: Diagnostic Radioisotopes and Monitor Reactions, IAEA Technical Report, Vienna, May (2001). Available, http://www-nds.iaea.org/publications/tecdocs/iaea-tecdoc-1211.pdf.

3. M.U. Khandaker, H. Haba, J. Kanaya, N. Otuka, Excitation functions of (d,x) nuclear reactions on natural titanium up to 24 MeV, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 296, 14-21 (2013).

4. M. Mamtimin, F. Harmon,V.N. Starovoitova, Sc-47 production from titanium targets using electron linacs, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 102, 1-4 (2015).

5. L.‌Deilami-nezhad, et al., Production and purification of Scandium-47: A potential radioisotope for cancer theranostics, Appl. Radiat. Isot. vol. 118, no. September, pp. 124–130 (2016).

6. S.F. Hosseini, M. Sadeghi, M.R. Aboudzadeh, Theoretical assessment and targeted modeling of TiO2 in a reactor towards the scandium radioisotopes estimation, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 127, 116-121 (2017).

7. B. Bartoś, A. Bilewicz, New method for 47Sc production in nuclear reactor Maria at Świerk, Nuclear Medicine and Biology. 37, 677-726 (2010).

‌8. ‌E. Garrido, et al., New excitation functions for proton-induced reactions on natural titanium, nickel, and copper up to 70 MeV. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 383, 191-212 (2016).

9. K.A. Domnanich, et al., 47Sc as useful β- emitter for the radiotheragnostic paradigm: a comparative study of feasible production routes, EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry. 2(1):5 (2017).

10. ‌R. Misiak, et al., 47Sc production development by cyclotron irradiation of 48Ca, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 313, 429–434 (2017).

11. A. Jafari, et al., Investigations of proton and deuteron induced nuclear reactions on natural and enriched Titanium, Calcium and Vanadium targets, with special reference to the production of 47Sc, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 152, 145-155 (2019).

12. D. Koning, A.J. Rochman, Talys based evaluated nuclear data library (TENDL) data library, Available from https://tendl.web.psi.ch/tendl_ 2019/talys.html.

14. M. Herman, et al., Nuclear reaction model code empire-3.2 (malta) (2012).

15. J.F. Ziegler, Interactions of ions with matter, Available from: http://www.srim.org/. (2013).

16. M. Sadeghi, N. Zandi, M. Bakhtiari, Nuclear model calculation for cyclotron production of 61Cu as a PET imaging, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 291(2), 777-783 (2012).

17. S. Lahiri, S. Banerjee, N.R. Das, LLX separation of carrier-free 47Sc, 48V and 48, 49, 51Cr produced in α-particle activated titanium with HDEHP, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47(1), 1-6 (1996).

18. E. Gadioli, et al., Emission of alpha particles in the interaction of 10–85 MeV protons with 48,50Ti, Z. Physik A 301, 289-300 (1981).

19. V.N. Levkovskii, The cross-sections of activation of nuclides of middle-range mass (A=40-100) by protons and alpha particles of middle range energies (E=10-50 MeV), Inter-Vesy, Moscow. (1991).

20. K. Zarie, N. Al-Hammad, A. Azzam, Experimental study of excitation functions of some proton induced reactions on natTi for beam monitoring purposes, Radiochimica Acta. 94 (12), 795-799 (2006).

21. R. Michel, et al., Proton-induced reactions on titanium with energies between 13 and 45 MeV,. Journal of Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry 40 (11), 1845–1851 (1978).

22. R. Michel, et al., Cross sections for the production of residual nuclides by low- and medium-energy protons from the target elements C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba and Au, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 129, 153-193 (1997).

دوره 42، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 96تیر 1400صفحه 113-121

1. ‌M.U. Khandaker, et al., Investigations of the^natTi(p,x)^{43,44m,44g,46,47,48}Sc,⁴⁸V nuclear processes up to 40 MeV, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 67, 1348-1354 (2009).

6. S.F. Hosseini, M. Sadeghi, M.R. Aboudzadeh, Theoretical assessment and targeted modeling of TiO₂ in a reactor towards the scandium radioisotopes estimation, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 127, 116-121 (2017).

9. K.A. Domnanich, et al., ⁴⁷Sc as useful β^-emitter for the radiotheragnostic paradigm: a comparative study of feasible production routes, EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry. 2(1):5 (2017).

10. ‌R. Misiak, et al., ⁴⁷Sc production development by cyclotron irradiation of ⁴⁸Ca, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 313, 429–434 (2017).

11. A. Jafari, et al., Investigations of proton and deuteron induced nuclear reactions on natural and enriched Titanium, Calcium and Vanadium targets, with special reference to the production of ⁴⁷Sc, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 152, 145-155 (2019).

16. M. Sadeghi, N. Zandi, M. Bakhtiari, Nuclear model calculation for cyclotron production of ⁶¹Cu as a PET imaging, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 291(2), 777-783 (2012).

17. S. Lahiri, S. Banerjee, N.R. Das, LLX separation of carrier-free ⁴⁷Sc, ⁴⁸V and ^{48, 49, 51}Cr produced in α-particle activated titanium with HDEHP, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47(1), 1-6 (1996).

18. E. Gadioli, et al., Emission of alpha particles in the interaction of 10–85 MeV protons with ^48,50Ti, Z. Physik A 301, 289-300 (1981).

20. K. Zarie, N. Al-Hammad, A. Azzam, Experimental study of excitation functions of some proton induced reactions on ^natTi for beam monitoring purposes, Radiochimica Acta. 94 (12), 795-799 (2006).

دوره 42، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 96
تیر 1400
صفحه 113-121