نوع مقاله : مقاله فنی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران

2 پژوهشکده‌ بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر پرتوتابی لیزر در تحمل به شوری گیاه جو در مرحله­ی ­­جوانه­‌زنی، در گذشته در کشور به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شده است. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل چهار ژنوتیپ جو (ریحان، افضل، فجر 30 و نصرت) دو سطح پرتوتابی لیزر (بدون تابش و با تابش لیزر به طول موج nm 780 به مدتmin 15) و 5 سطح شوری (°، 80، 160، 240 و
mM 320 از کلرید سدیم) بودند. در این آزمایش در صفات جوانه­‌زنی (طول ساقه‌­چه، طول ریشه­‌چه، طول کلئوپتیل، تعداد ریشه­‌های بذری، درصد جوانه‌­زنی، سرعت جوانه‌­زنی، میانگین مدت جوانه‌­زنی، وزن خشک گیاه‌چه و بنیه‌­ی بذر)، در سطوح شوری و پرتوتابی در بین ارقام مورد بررسی تفاوت معنی­‌داری مشاهده شد. با افزایش سطح شوری، از میزان مهم‌­ترین صفت جوانه‌­زنی که شاخص بنیه­‌ی بذر بود، در ارقام مورد مطالعه کم شد. پرتوتابی لیزر در این صفت به ترتیب باعث افزایش 39، 63 و 46% در ارقام افضل، ریحان و فجر 30 شد. به طور کلی، با توجه به تأثیرات مثبت لیزر بر فاکتورهای مورد بررسی چنین به نظر می­‌آید که پرتوتابی لیزر می‌­تواند تیماری مؤثر برای بالا بردن میزان تحمل گیاه نسبت به تنش شوری باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Effect of Laser Irradiation on Germination of Barley in Saline Condition at the Germination Stage

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. A sadat Noori 1
  • F Amini 1
  • B Foghi 1
  • Z Hamidi 1
  • N. A Khoshkhalgh Sima 2

چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effect of laser irradiation on the salinity tolerance in barley (hordeum vulgare L.) in the germination phase and seedling, a three- replicate experiment with CRD in a factorial arrangement experimental type has been previously conducted in Iran. Experimental factors were four barley genotypes (Reihan, Afzal, Fajr30 and Nosrat), two radiation levels (no laser and laser irradiation at 780 nm wavelength for 15 minutes) and five levels of salinity (0, 80, 160, 240 and 320 mM of sodium chloride). In this research, in the germination parameters (root length, shoot length, coleoptile length, root number, germination percentage, mean germination time, dry weight of seedling, seed vigor, and germination rate), all genotypes were significantly affected by increasing the salinity and laser irradiation (P<0.01). There was a reduction in the seed vigor (the most important germination parameter) by increasing the salinity level. The laser pre-treatment caused an increase of 39, 63, 46 and 100 percent in Afzal, Reihan, fajr 30 and Nosrat genotypes, respectively. The overall result showed a positive effect of the laser irradiation on the investigated traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley
  • Germination
  • Laser Irradiation
  • Salinity Stress
[1] M. Afuni, R. Mojtaba, F. Nourbakhsh, Saline and sodic soils and amendments books-Publication of Ardakan (1997) 48-62.
 
[2] H.X. Zhang, J.N. Hodson, J.W. Williams, E. Blumwald, Engineering salt tolerant Brassica plants: Characterization of yield and seed oil quality in transgenic plants with increased vacuolar sodium accumulation, PNAS. 98 (2001) 12832–12836.
 
[3] M. Rauf, M. Munir, M. Hassan, M. Ahmad, M. Afzal, Performance of wheat genotypes under osmotic stress at germination and early seedling growth stage, Afr. J. Agric. Res. 6 (2007) 971-975.
 
[4] A. Farokhi, S. Galeshi, Evaluation of effect of salinity and seed size on germination, conversation of seed reserves and seedling growth soybean (Glycin max L.). Iran J. Agric. Sci. 36 (2005) 1233-1241.
 
[5] H. Irannejad, Z. Javanmardi, M. Golbashy, M. Zarabi, Effect of drought stress on germination and early seedling growth in flax cultivars (Linum usitatissimum L). 1st congress of oil crops. University of Isfahan, (2009) 154-156.
 
[6] S.A.M.A. Abro, R. Abdul Razak, A.A. Mirbaha, Improving yield performance of landrace wheat under salinity stress using on farm seed priming, Pak. J. Bot. 41 (2009) 2209-2216.
 
[7] A.C. Hernandez, P.A. Dominguez, O.A. Cruz, R. Ivanov, C.A. Carballo, B.R. Zepeda, Laser in agriculture, Int. Agrophys. 24 (2010) 407-422.
 
[8] N. Zare, S.A. Sadat Noori, N.A. Khosh kholgh Sima, S.M.M. Mortazavian, Effect of Laser Priming on accumulation of Free Proline in Spring Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) Under Salinity Stress, International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, and Applied Sciences and Technologies. 5 (2014) 119-130.
 
[9] W. Rybinski, M. Surma, T. Adamski, The use of laser light for obtaining barley haploids by Hordeum bulbosum method (in Polish). Biotechnologia 1(52) (2001) 143-147.
 
[10] S. Lipski, R. Koper, Emergence, early growth and development of Maize under optimal and chilling conditions as affected by pre-sowing laser irradiation of seeds. IHAR Radzikow, Proceedings Intermational Symposium, (1997) 22.
[11] S. Plesnik, The evaluation of some quantitative traits in M1 generation in soybean after laser emission and ethyleneimine. Genetically et Biologically Molecular, 24 (1993) 105-113.
 
[12] M. Ashrafijou, S.A. Sadat Noori, A. Izadi darbandi, S. Saghafi, Effect of salinity and radiation on proline accumulation in seeds of canola (Brassica napus L). Plant Soil Environ. 56 (2010) 312-317.
 
[13] B. Gladyszewska, B. Kornas-Czuczwar, R. Koper, S. Lipski, Theoretical and practical aspects of pre-sowing laser bio-stimulation of the seeds. Inzynieria Rolnicza 2(3) (1998) 21-29.
 
[14] D. Drozd, H. Szajsner, E. Laszkiewicz, The utilization of laser bio-stimulation in cultivation of spring Wheat (in Polish). Biul. IHAR 211 (1999) 85-90.
 
[15] W. Rybinski, Influence of laser baems on the variability of traits in spring barley. Int. Agrophys. 14 (2000) 227-232.
 
[16] J. Podleoeny, Effect of laser irradiation on the biochemical changes in seeds and the accumulation of dry matter in the Faba Bean. Int. Agrophys. 16 (2002) 146-151.
 
[17] S. Dinoev, Laser a Controlled Assistant in Agriculture. Acad. Bulg. Sc. 56 (2006).
 
[18] M.A. Al-Mudaris, Notes on various parameters recording the speed of seed germination. Der Tropenlandwirt 99 (1998) 147-154.
 
[19] S.S. Dhanda, G.S. Sethi, R.K. Behl, Indices of drought tolerance in wheat genotypes at early stages of plant growth. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 190 (2004) 6-12.
 
[20] S.A. Sadat Noori, T. McNeilly, Assessment of variability in salt tolerance based on seedling growth in Triticum durum. Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 47 (2000) 285–291.
 
[21] N.A. Khosh Kholgh Sima, S. Tale Ahmad, R.A. Alitabar, A. Mottaghi, M. Pessarakli, Interactive effects of salinity and phosphorous nutrition on physiological responses of two barley speceis, Journal of Plant Nutrition. 35 (2012) 9, 1411-1428.
[22] R.W. Kingsbury, E. Epstein, R.W. Pearey, Physiological responses to salinity in selected lines of wheat, Plant Physiol. 74 (1984) 417-423.
 
[23] Y.P. Chen, M. Yue, X.L. Wang, Influence of He–Ne laser irradiation on seeds thermodynamic parameters and seedlings growth of Isatis indogotica, Plant Sci. 168 (2005) 601-606.
 
[24] S. Kromer, H.W. Heldt, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1057 (1991) 42-50.
 
[25] D. Drozd, H. Szajsner, Laboratory evaluation of early development phases of spring heat after application of laser radiation. Biul. IHAR 204 (1997) 187-190.
 
[26] G. Vasilevski, By laser to healthier and cheaper food. Raport of Faculty of Agiculture, Skopje (1991) 1-2.
 
[27] A.M. Abu-Elsaoude, S.T. Tuleukhanov, D.Z. Abdel-Kader, Effect of Infra-red laser on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germination. Int. J. Agric. Res. 3 (2008) 433-438.
 
[28] A.C. Hernandez, M. Mezzalama, N. Lozano, O.A. Cruz, E. Martinez, R. Ivanov, A.P. Domínguez, Optical absorption coefficient of laser irradiated wheat seeds determined by photoacoustic spectroscopy. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 153 (2008) 519-522.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[29] M. Al-mansouri, J.M. Kinet, S. Lutts, Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf). Plant Soil Envir. 231 (2001) 243-254.
 
[30] J. Podleoeny, Influence of the pre-sowing seed irradiation with laser light on the formation of morphological features and Faba Bean yields. J. Prog. in Agric. 446 (1997) 435-440.
 
[31] A. Michtchenko, M. Hernández, Photobiostimulation of germination and early growth of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) by a 980nm semiconductor laser, Rev. Cub. Fis. 27(2) (2010) 271-274.
 
[32] P. Rashida, A. Qasim, M. Ashraf, F. Al-Qurainy, Y. Jamil, M.R. Ahmad, Effects of Different Doses of Low Power Continuous Wave He–Ne Laser Radiation on Some Seed Thermodynamic and Germination Parameters, and Potential Enzymes Involved in Seed Germination of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J. Photochem. 86 (2010) 1050–1055.
 
[33] J. Lin, X. Li, Z. Zhang, X. Yu, Z. Gao, Y. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Li, C. Mu, Salinity alkalinity tolerance in wheat: Seed germination, early seedling growth, ion relations and solute accumulation. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 7 (2012) 467-474.
 
[34] W.U. Junlin, G. Xuehong, Z. Sheqi, Effect of laser pretreatment on germination and membrane lipid peroxidation of Chinese Pine seeds under drought stress. Biol. China 2 (2007) 314-317.