Feasibility study of Promethium-147 production as an industrial radionuclide  through neutron irradiation of neodymium in Tehran Research Reactor (TRR)

Hoseini, S.E.; Ghannadi Maragheh, M.; Bahrami Samani, A.; Shirvani, S.; Salehi, H.

doi:10.24200/nst.2020.1092

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Materials and Nuclear Fuel Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 11365-8486, Tehran – Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2020.1092

Abstract

Promethium is one of the rare earth elements of Lanthanides. This element is no found on the earth’s crust. All its isotopes are radioactive. The isotope ¹⁴⁷Pm is a pure beta emitter and very useful in industry because of its radioactive specifications. To name its applications one can point to usage as beta source in nuclear gauges, self-luminary lamps and nuclear batteries. This radioisotope produces via two methods, one from extraction of fission products waste and the second from thermal neutron irradiation of ¹⁴⁶Nd. In this research, natural neodymium was irradiated in Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) and the gamma and beta spectrums were obtained. In addition, theoretical calculations were done. In this way, acceptable consistency in the results was obtained and the activity and radioactivity of the products were compared

Highlights

1. World nuclear association, Radioisotope in industry, U.S atomic energy commission, Division of technical information. http://www.world-nuclear.org.

2. R.S. Copper, R.A. Andelin, R.K. Robinson, Development of high-temperature isotope ¹⁴⁷Pm heat source, Trans. Amer. Nucl. Soc., 10, 453 (1969).

3. L.C. Olsen, Betavoltaic energy conversation, Donald W. Douglas Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352, U.S.A. Energy Conversion 13, 117–127 (1973).

4. R.A. English, et al., Apollo experience report-protection against radiation, NASA Technical note No. TN D-7080 (March 1973).

5. IAEA, Manual On Nuclear Gauges, (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, 1996).

6. Jr. Knapp, et al., U.S. Patent No: US 7435399 B2 (14 October, 2008).

7. J.H. Hinderer, M.Sc. thesis, University of Tennessee, (2010).

8. Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF), https://www-nds.iaea.org.

9. R.B. Firestone, V.S. Shirley, Table of Isotopes, (U. S. Department of energy, 1996).

10. S. Heinitz, et al. Production, separation and target preparation of ¹⁷¹Tm and ¹⁴⁷Pm for neutron cross section measurements. Radiochim. Acta. 105(10), 801-811(2017).

Keywords

20.1001.1.17351871.1399.41.1.3.2

References

1. World nuclear association, Radioisotope in industry, U.S atomic energy commission, Division of technical information. http://www.world-nuclear.org.

2. R.S. Copper, R.A. Andelin, R.K. Robinson, Development of high-temperature isotope ¹⁴⁷Pm heat source, Trans. Amer. Nucl. Soc., 10, 453 (1969).

3. L.C. Olsen, Betavoltaic energy conversation, Donald W. Douglas Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352, U.S.A. Energy Conversion 13, 117–127 (1973).

4. R.A. English, et al., Apollo experience report-protection against radiation, NASA Technical note No. TN D-7080 (March 1973).

5. IAEA, Manual On Nuclear Gauges, (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, 1996).

6. Jr. Knapp, et al., U.S. Patent No: US 7435399 B2 (14 October, 2008).

7. J.H. Hinderer, M.Sc. thesis, University of Tennessee, (2010).

8. Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF), https://www-nds.iaea.org.

9. R.B. Firestone, V.S. Shirley, Table of Isotopes, (U. S. Department of energy, 1996).

10. S. Heinitz, et al. Production, separation and target preparation of ¹⁷¹Tm and ¹⁴⁷Pm for neutron cross section measurements. Radiochim. Acta. 105(10), 801-811(2017).

Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)

Feasibility study of Promethium-147 production as an industrial radionuclide through neutron irradiation of neodymium in Tehran Research Reactor (TRR)

1. World nuclear association, Radioisotope in industry, U.S atomic energy commission, Division of technical information. http://www.world-nuclear.org.

2. R.S. Copper, R.A. Andelin, R.K. Robinson, Development of high-temperature isotope ¹⁴⁷Pm heat source, Trans. Amer. Nucl. Soc., 10, 453 (1969).

3. L.C. Olsen, Betavoltaic energy conversation, Donald W. Douglas Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352, U.S.A. Energy Conversion 13, 117–127 (1973).

4. R.A. English, et al., Apollo experience report-protection against radiation, NASA Technical note No. TN D-7080 (March 1973).

5. IAEA, Manual On Nuclear Gauges, (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, 1996).

6. Jr. Knapp, et al., U.S. Patent No: US 7435399 B2 (14 October, 2008).

7. J.H. Hinderer, M.Sc. thesis, University of Tennessee, (2010).

8. Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF), https://www-nds.iaea.org.

9. R.B. Firestone, V.S. Shirley, Table of Isotopes, (U. S. Department of energy, 1996).

10. S. Heinitz, et al. Production, separation and target preparation of ¹⁷¹Tm and ¹⁴⁷Pm for neutron cross section measurements. Radiochim. Acta. 105(10), 801-811(2017).

References

References

1. World nuclear association, Radioisotope in industry, U.S atomic energy commission, Division of technical information. http://www.world-nuclear.org.

2. R.S. Copper, R.A. Andelin, R.K. Robinson, Development of high-temperature isotope ¹⁴⁷Pm heat source, Trans. Amer. Nucl. Soc., 10, 453 (1969).

3. L.C. Olsen, Betavoltaic energy conversation, Donald W. Douglas Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352, U.S.A. Energy Conversion 13, 117–127 (1973).

4. R.A. English, et al., Apollo experience report-protection against radiation, NASA Technical note No. TN D-7080 (March 1973).

5. IAEA, Manual On Nuclear Gauges, (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, 1996).

6. Jr. Knapp, et al., U.S. Patent No: US 7435399 B2 (14 October, 2008).

7. J.H. Hinderer, M.Sc. thesis, University of Tennessee, (2010).

8. Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF), https://www-nds.iaea.org.

9. R.B. Firestone, V.S. Shirley, Table of Isotopes, (U. S. Department of energy, 1996).

10. S. Heinitz, et al. Production, separation and target preparation of ¹⁷¹Tm and ¹⁴⁷Pm for neutron cross section measurements. Radiochim. Acta. 105(10), 801-811(2017).

Volume 41, Issue 1 - Serial Number 91
June 2020
Pages 25-31

Feasibility study of Promethium-147 production as an industrial radionuclide through neutron irradiation of neodymium in Tehran Research Reactor (TRR)

1. World nuclear association, Radioisotope in industry, U.S atomic energy commission, Division of technical information. http://www.world-nuclear.org.

2. R.S. Copper, R.A. Andelin, R.K. Robinson, Development of high-temperature isotope 147Pm heat source, Trans. Amer. Nucl. Soc., 10, 453 (1969).

3. L.C. Olsen, Betavoltaic energy conversation, Donald W. Douglas Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352, U.S.A. Energy Conversion 13, 117–127 (1973).

4. R.A. English, et al., Apollo experience report-protection against radiation, NASA Technical note No. TN D-7080 (March 1973).

5. IAEA, Manual On Nuclear Gauges, (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, 1996).

6. Jr. Knapp, et al., U.S. Patent No: US 7435399 B2 (14 October, 2008).

7. J.H. Hinderer, M.Sc. thesis, University of Tennessee, (2010).

8. Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF), https://www-nds.iaea.org.

9. R.B. Firestone, V.S. Shirley, Table of Isotopes, (U. S. Department of energy, 1996).

10. S. Heinitz, et al. Production, separation and target preparation of 171Tm and 147Pm for neutron cross section measurements. Radiochim. Acta. 105(10), 801-811(2017).

References

References

1. World nuclear association, Radioisotope in industry, U.S atomic energy commission, Division of technical information. http://www.world-nuclear.org.

2. R.S. Copper, R.A. Andelin, R.K. Robinson, Development of high-temperature isotope 147Pm heat source, Trans. Amer. Nucl. Soc., 10, 453 (1969).

3. L.C. Olsen, Betavoltaic energy conversation, Donald W. Douglas Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352, U.S.A. Energy Conversion 13, 117–127 (1973).

4. R.A. English, et al., Apollo experience report-protection against radiation, NASA Technical note No. TN D-7080 (March 1973).

5. IAEA, Manual On Nuclear Gauges, (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, 1996).

6. Jr. Knapp, et al., U.S. Patent No: US 7435399 B2 (14 October, 2008).

7. J.H. Hinderer, M.Sc. thesis, University of Tennessee, (2010).

8. Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF), https://www-nds.iaea.org.

9. R.B. Firestone, V.S. Shirley, Table of Isotopes, (U. S. Department of energy, 1996).

10. S. Heinitz, et al. Production, separation and target preparation of 171Tm and 147Pm for neutron cross section measurements. Radiochim. Acta. 105(10), 801-811(2017).

Volume 41, Issue 1 - Serial Number 91June 2020Pages 25-31

2. R.S. Copper, R.A. Andelin, R.K. Robinson, Development of high-temperature isotope ¹⁴⁷Pm heat source, Trans. Amer. Nucl. Soc., 10, 453 (1969).

10. S. Heinitz, et al. Production, separation and target preparation of ¹⁷¹Tm and ¹⁴⁷Pm for neutron cross section measurements. Radiochim. Acta. 105(10), 801-811(2017).

2. R.S. Copper, R.A. Andelin, R.K. Robinson, Development of high-temperature isotope ¹⁴⁷Pm heat source, Trans. Amer. Nucl. Soc., 10, 453 (1969).

10. S. Heinitz, et al. Production, separation and target preparation of ¹⁷¹Tm and ¹⁴⁷Pm for neutron cross section measurements. Radiochim. Acta. 105(10), 801-811(2017).

Volume 41, Issue 1 - Serial Number 91
June 2020
Pages 25-31