Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

The effects of gamma irradiation on germination and morphological traits of some cereals, legumes and vegetables plantlets

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Z. Rezaloo 1
S. Shahbazi 2
H. Fathollahi 2
H. Askari 2

1 Seed Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box: 31485-313, Karaj - Iran

2 Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 31485-1498, Karaj - Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2020.1107
Abstract
One of priming methods to increase seed germination and seedling growth is gamma irradiation. In the present research, effects of various doses of gamma ray on germination and vegetative traits of cereals, legumes and vegetables were investigated. Irradiation was carried out using gamma cell with 60Co source of 7.8×102 Ci, with irradiation velocity of 0.087 g.s-1 in four levels (10, 20, 30 and 40 Gy) in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The results showed that germination in wheat, corn, chickpea, and tomato seeds had positive reaction to low doses of gamma radiation; However, bean and onion seed germination decreased with increasing germination dose. In mungbean, cucumber, and lettuce seeds, germination percentage increased for higher doses. The response of different seeds to gamma radiation levels is different, and for some seeds such as wheat, corn, mungbean, chickpeas, tomatoes, and cucumbers, priming with gamma irradiation can be used to increase the percentage of germination and seedling growth. In other vegetative traits no increment was observed in beans, onions, and mungbean, compared to control but the seeds of chickpeas, wheat, corn, cucumber, lettuce, and tomato increased compared to control and showed a positive reaction to priming with gamma irradiation.

Highlights

1.             T. Charbaji, I. Nabulsi, Effect of low doses of gamma irradiation on in vitro growth of grapevine, Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture,  57, 129–132 (1999).

 

2.             C.B. Thapa, Effect of acute exposure of gamma rays on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus kesiya Gord and P. wallichiana, Our Nature, 2, 13-17 (2004).

 

3.             V. Micco, et al. Effects of sparsely and densely ionizing radiation on plants, Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 50, 1–19 (2011).

 

4.             Kranner, et al., Extracellular production of reactive oxygen species during seed germination and early seedling growth in Pisum sativum, Journal of Plant Physiology, 167, 805-811 (2010).

 

5.             O. Blokhina, E. Virolainen, K.V. Fagerstedt, Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review, Annals of Botany, 91, 179-194 (2002).

 

6.             T. Maruta, et al. Arabidopsis NADPH oxidases, AtrbohD and AtrbohF, are essential for jasmonic acid-induced expression of genes regulated by MYC2 transcription factor, Plant Science, 180, 655-660 (2011).

 

7.             A.G. Taylor, et al. Seed enhancements, Seed Science Research, 8, 245-256 (1998).

 

8.             A.A. Khan, A. Anwar, Preplant physiological seed conditioning, Horticultural reviews, 13 (1), 131-181 (1992).

 

9.             J.O. Rawling, D.D.G. Hanway, C.O. Gardner, Variation in quantitative characters of soy bean after seed irradiation, Agr. J., 50, 524-528 (1958).

 

10.          ISTA. International rules for seed testing, The International seed testing Association (2010).

 

11.          H.R. Moussa, Role of gamma irradiation in regulation of NO3 level in rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa) plants. Russ J Plant Physiol, 53, 193–197 (2006).

 

12.          M. Melki, T.H. Dahmani, Gamma irradiation effects on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under various conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 12, 23 (2009).

 

13.          M. Samadi, et al. Evaluation of agronomic traits of mutants induced by gamma irradiation in PF and RGS003 varieties of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), Crop Plants Breeding, 15, 135-144 (2015) (In Persian).

 

14.          J.L. Molina-Cano, et al. Fast-germinating low β-glucan mutants induced in barley with improved malting quality and yield. Theoret. Appl. Genetics, 78, 748–754 (1989).

 

15.          Q. Alizadeh, et al., The effect of seed irradiation with low doses of gamma rays on some parameters of greenery and seedling growth of two species of Bromus tomentellus and Agropyron elongatum, Journal of Watershed Management Research, 106 (2), 147-137 (2015) (In Persian). 

 

16.          M. Bahmani, S. Yousefi, D. Kartolinezhad. The Effects of Gamma Radiation on Seed Germination and Vigour of Caper (Capparis spinosa var. parviflora), Medicinal Plant. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 3 (1), 15-26 (2016) (In Persian).

Keywords

Priming with gamma irradiation
Germination
Cereals
Legumes and Vegetables
1.             T. Charbaji, I. Nabulsi, Effect of low doses of gamma irradiation on in vitro growth of grapevine, Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture,  57, 129–132 (1999).
 
2.             C.B. Thapa, Effect of acute exposure of gamma rays on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus kesiya Gord and P. wallichiana, Our Nature, 2, 13-17 (2004).
 
3.             V. Micco, et al. Effects of sparsely and densely ionizing radiation on plants, Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 50, 1–19 (2011).
 
4.             Kranner, et al., Extracellular production of reactive oxygen species during seed germination and early seedling growth in Pisum sativum, Journal of Plant Physiology, 167, 805-811 (2010).
 
5.             O. Blokhina, E. Virolainen, K.V. Fagerstedt, Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review, Annals of Botany, 91, 179-194 (2002).
 
6.             T. Maruta, et al. Arabidopsis NADPH oxidases, AtrbohD and AtrbohF, are essential for jasmonic acid-induced expression of genes regulated by MYC2 transcription factor, Plant Science, 180, 655-660 (2011).
 
7.             A.G. Taylor, et al. Seed enhancements, Seed Science Research, 8, 245-256 (1998).
 
8.             A.A. Khan, A. Anwar, Preplant physiological seed conditioning, Horticultural reviews, 13 (1), 131-181 (1992).
 
9.             J.O. Rawling, D.D.G. Hanway, C.O. Gardner, Variation in quantitative characters of soy bean after seed irradiation, Agr. J., 50, 524-528 (1958).
 
10.          ISTA. International rules for seed testing, The International seed testing Association (2010).
 
11.          H.R. Moussa, Role of gamma irradiation in regulation of NO3 level in rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa) plants. Russ J Plant Physiol, 53, 193–197 (2006).
 
12.          M. Melki, T.H. Dahmani, Gamma irradiation effects on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under various conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 12, 23 (2009).
 
13.          M. Samadi, et al. Evaluation of agronomic traits of mutants induced by gamma irradiation in PF and RGS003 varieties of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), Crop Plants Breeding, 15, 135-144 (2015) (In Persian).
 
14.          J.L. Molina-Cano, et al. Fast-germinating low β-glucan mutants induced in barley with improved malting quality and yield. Theoret. Appl. Genetics, 78, 748–754 (1989).
 
15.          Q. Alizadeh, et al., The effect of seed irradiation with low doses of gamma rays on some parameters of greenery and seedling growth of two species of Bromus tomentellus and Agropyron elongatum, Journal of Watershed Management Research, 106 (2), 147-137 (2015) (In Persian). 
 
16.          M. Bahmani, S. Yousefi, D. Kartolinezhad. The Effects of Gamma Radiation on Seed Germination and Vigour of Caper (Capparis spinosa var. parviflora), Medicinal Plant. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 3 (1), 15-26 (2016) (In Persian).

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