Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Strontium isotope effect on Solid-Liquid extraction system using a polymer resin with 2.2.2-Cryptand anchor groups

Document Type : Scientific Note

Author

E. Zolfonoun

Materials and Nuclear Fuel Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 11365-8486, Tehran - Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2020.1134
Abstract
The chemical isotope exchange with macrocyclic polyethers is one of the relatively new methods for isotope separation. These separations are based on the phenomenon of isotope effect, in which the kinetic and the stability of the complex formation between the ligand and the isotopes of an element are different. In particular, crown ethers and cryptands, with high affinity and size selectivity for some metal ions, have been investigated for isotope separation in various extraction processes. In the present study, the isotope effect in a solid-liquid extraction of strontium with Merrifield resin having 2.2.2-Cryptand anchor groups was investigated. The effects of various experimental parameters such as pH, concentration of strontium, type of anion, equilibrium time, and temperature on the separation factor of strontium isotopes were studied and discussed. The results showed that the separation factor had an inverse correlation with the isotope mass and for the lighter isotopes this factor was greater. Under the optimum conditions, the separation factors for 84Sr/88Sr, 86Sr/88Sr, and 87Sr/88Sr were 1.028, 1.017, and 1.014, respectively.

Highlights

1.             P. Desmoulins, Stable Isotopes, Application-Production, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France, (1994).

 

2.             J. Míková, P. DENKOVá, Modified chromatographic separation scheme for Sr and Nd isotope analysis in geological silicate samples, J. Geosci. 52, 221–226 (2007).

 

3.             I.A. Semiokhin, Chemical methods of stable isotope separation, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 205, 201–213 (1996).

 

4.             C.J. Pedersen, Cyclic polyethers and their complexes with metal salts, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 7017–7036 (1967).

 

5.             C.J. Pedersen, The discovery of crown ethers, Science, 241, 536–540 (1988).

 

6.             J.M. Lehn, Supramolecular chemistry: Concepts and perspectives, Wiley-VCH Weinheim, (1995).

 

7.             B. Dietrich, Cryptands. In Gokel, G. W. Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry 1, Oxford, Elsevier. 153–211 (1996).

 

8.             D. Landini, et al., Lipophilic [2.2.2] cryptands as phase-transfer catalysts. Activation and nucleophilicity of anions in aqueous-organic thirteen-phase systems and in organic solvents of low polarity, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 2526-2530 (1979).

 

9.             P. Krurnbiegel, Isotopie effekte, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, (1970).

10.          H. Simon, D. Palm, Isotopeneffekte in der organischen Chemie und Biochemie, Angew. Chem. 78, 993–1007 (1966).

 

11.          B.E. Jepson, R.J. DeWitt, Separation of calcium isotopes with macrocyclic polyether calcium complexes,  Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 38, 1175-1177 (1976).

 

12.          H. Yande, L. Wenzong, G. Shuqin, Study of the isotope separation of uranium by extraction method with crown ether, Chin. J. Nucl. Sci. Eng., 13, 58–66 (1993).

 

13.          W. Xiaoning, L. Wenzong, W. Dexi, Isotope separation of cerium and uranium with crown ethers, J. Nucl. Radiochem., 8, 118-122 (1986). 

 

14.          A. Knochet, R.D. Wilken, Isotopie effekte bei der Bildung von Natrium kryptaten, J. Radioanal. Chem., 32, 345–356 (1976). 

 

15.          S. Kopolow, T.E. Hogen Esch, J. Smid, Poly (vinyl macrocyclic polyethers). Synthesis and cation binding properties, Macromolecules, 6, 133–142 (1973).

 

16.          M.G. Djamali, P. Burba, K.H. Lieser, Synthesis und Eigenschaften eines Cellulose uastauschers mit Diaminodibenzo-18-Krone-6 als Ankergruppe, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 92, 145-154 (1980).

 

17.          K. Nishizawa, et al., Strontium isotope effect in liquid-liquid extraction of strontium chloride using a crown ether, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 32, 1230–1235 (1995).

 

18.          T. Oi, et al., Fractionation of strontium isotopes in cation exchange chromatography, Sep. Sci. Technol., 27, 631–643 (1992).

 

19.          Y. Ban, M. Nomura, Y. Fujii, Isotope effects of strontium in crown ether chromatography, Sep. Sci. Technol., 36, 2165 –2180 (2001).

Keywords

Strontium
Isotope effect
2.2.2-Cryptand
Polymer resins
1.             P. Desmoulins, Stable Isotopes, Application-Production, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France, (1994).
 
2.             J. Míková, P. DENKOVá, Modified chromatographic separation scheme for Sr and Nd isotope analysis in geological silicate samples, J. Geosci. 52, 221–226 (2007).
 
3.             I.A. Semiokhin, Chemical methods of stable isotope separation, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 205, 201–213 (1996).
 
4.             C.J. Pedersen, Cyclic polyethers and their complexes with metal salts, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 7017–7036 (1967).
 
5.             C.J. Pedersen, The discovery of crown ethers, Science, 241, 536–540 (1988).
 
6.             J.M. Lehn, Supramolecular chemistry: Concepts and perspectives, Wiley-VCH Weinheim, (1995).
 
7.             B. Dietrich, Cryptands. In Gokel, G. W. Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry 1, Oxford, Elsevier. 153–211 (1996).
 
8.             D. Landini, et al., Lipophilic [2.2.2] cryptands as phase-transfer catalysts. Activation and nucleophilicity of anions in aqueous-organic thirteen-phase systems and in organic solvents of low polarity, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 2526-2530 (1979).
 
9.             P. Krurnbiegel, Isotopie effekte, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, (1970).
10.          H. Simon, D. Palm, Isotopeneffekte in der organischen Chemie und Biochemie, Angew. Chem. 78, 993–1007 (1966).
 
11.          B.E. Jepson, R.J. DeWitt, Separation of calcium isotopes with macrocyclic polyether calcium complexes,  Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 38, 1175-1177 (1976).
 
12.          H. Yande, L. Wenzong, G. Shuqin, Study of the isotope separation of uranium by extraction method with crown ether, Chin. J. Nucl. Sci. Eng., 13, 58–66 (1993).
 
13.          W. Xiaoning, L. Wenzong, W. Dexi, Isotope separation of cerium and uranium with crown ethers, J. Nucl. Radiochem., 8, 118-122 (1986). 
 
14.          A. Knochet, R.D. Wilken, Isotopie effekte bei der Bildung von Natrium kryptaten, J. Radioanal. Chem., 32, 345–356 (1976). 
 
15.          S. Kopolow, T.E. Hogen Esch, J. Smid, Poly (vinyl macrocyclic polyethers). Synthesis and cation binding properties, Macromolecules, 6, 133–142 (1973).
 
16.          M.G. Djamali, P. Burba, K.H. Lieser, Synthesis und Eigenschaften eines Cellulose uastauschers mit Diaminodibenzo-18-Krone-6 als Ankergruppe, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 92, 145-154 (1980).
 
17.          K. Nishizawa, et al., Strontium isotope effect in liquid-liquid extraction of strontium chloride using a crown ether, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 32, 1230–1235 (1995).
 
18.          T. Oi, et al., Fractionation of strontium isotopes in cation exchange chromatography, Sep. Sci. Technol., 27, 631–643 (1992).
 
19.          Y. Ban, M. Nomura, Y. Fujii, Isotope effects of strontium in crown ether chromatography, Sep. Sci. Technol., 36, 2165 –2180 (2001).

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