Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Effect of nano-particle coating techniques of SiO2 on improvement of Critical Heat Flux

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

A. Rahimian 1
H. Kazeminejad 2
H. Khalafi 1
A. Akhavan 2
M. Mirvakili 1

1 Reactor and Nuclear Safety Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O.Box: 14155-1339, Tehran – Iran

2 Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 1339-14155, Tehran – Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2021.1171
Abstract
In this study, two methods of nano-particle coating, by boiling and electrophoretic, have been used to investigate the effect of surface modification on the Critical Heat Flux of stainless steel plates. In each of these two methods, the coating was performed for 20, 40, and 60 minutes while other parameters remained constant. The SEM1 and EDS2 images were captured and then the contact angles were measured using the Stadler technique to study the effect of surface properties on Critical Heat Flux.  Finally, the boiling curves of the hydrophilic and superhydrophilic surfaces were obtained and then the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) is determined. The CHF values were compared with the existing experimental data and empirical correlations. It was found that the CHF for nanoparticle coating by pool boiling, is significantly higher than those of electrophoretic coating. Also, a comparison of the present Critical Heat Flux results with those obtained by the empirical correlations that are a function of surface properties showed better agreement

Highlights

1. M. Jakob, W.F. Fritz, Versuche uber den verdampfungsvorgang, Forsch. Ingenieurwes. 2(12), 435-447 (1931).

 

2. V.K. Dhir, Boiling heat transfer, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 30, 365–401 (1998).

 

3. I.L. Pioro, W. Rohsenow, S.S. Doerffer, Nucleate pool-boiling heat transfer. I: review of parametric effects of boiling surface, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 47 (23), 5033-5044 (2004).

 

4. R.L. Webb, The evolution of enhanced surface geometries for nucleate boiling, Heat Transfer Eng, 2 (3–4), 46-69 (1981).

 

5. S.G.K. Yen-Wen Lu, Nanoscale surface modification techniques for pool boiling enhancement–a critical review and future directions, Heat Transfer Eng, 32 (10), 827-842 (2011).

 

6. M. Shojaeian, A. Kosar, Pool boiling and flow boiling on micro- and nanostructured surfaces, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 63, 45–73 (2015).

 

7. S. Bhavnani, et al, Boiling augmentation with micro/nanostructured surfaces: current status and research outlook, Nanoscale Microscale Thermophys. Eng. 18 (3), 197-222 (2014).

 

8. J. Buongiorno, et al, Nanofluids for enhanced economics and safety of nuclear reactors: an evaluation of the potential features, Issues, and Research Gaps, Nucl. Technol. 162, 80–91 (2008).

 

9. A. Charlot, X. Deschanels, G. Toquer, Submicron coating of SiO2 nanoparticles from electrophoretic deposition, Thin Solid Films, 553, 148-152 (2014).

 

10. S.J. Kline, F.A. McClintock, Describing uncertainties in single-sample Experiments, Mech. Eng. P. 3, (January 1953).

 

11. E. Forrest, et al, Augmentation of nucleate boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux using nanoparticle thin-film coatings, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 53, 58-67 (2010).

 

12. M. Tetreault-Friend, et al, Critical heat flux maxima resulting from the controlled morphology of nanoporous hydrophilic surface layers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 (24), 243102 (2016).

 

13. S.M. Kwark, et al, Nanocoating characterization in pool boiling heat transfer of pure water, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 53 (21-22), 4579-4587 (2010).

 

14. H.S. Ahn, J.M. Kim, M.H. Kim, Experimental study of the effect of a reduced graphene oxide coating on critical heat flux enhancement, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 60, 763-771 (2013).

 

15. J.M. Kim, et al, Effect of a graphene oxide coating layer on critical heat flux enhancement under pool boiling, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 77, 919-927 (2014).

 

16. N. Zuber, Hydrodynamic aspects of boiling heat transfer, AECU-4439, Atomic Energy Commission, (1959).

 

17. S.G. Kandlikar, A Theoretical model to predict pool boiling CHF incorporating effects of contact angle and orientation, J. Heat Transfer, 123, 1071-1079 (2001).

 

18. L. Liao, R. Bao, Z.H. Liu, Compositive effects of orientation and contact angle on critical heat flux in pool boiling of water, Heat Mass Transfer, 44, 1447-1453 (2008).

 

19. V.K. Dhir, S.P. Liaw, Framework for a unified model for nucleate and transition pool boiling, J. Heat Transfer, 111, 739–746 (1989).

 

20. C.C. Hsu, P.H. Chen, Surface wettability effects on critical heat flux of boiling heat transfer using nanoparticle coatings, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55, 3713-3719 (2012).

Keywords

Pool boiling coating
Electrophoretic coating
Critical heat flux
1. M. Jakob, W.F. Fritz, Versuche uber den verdampfungsvorgang, Forsch. Ingenieurwes. 2(12), 435-447 (1931).
 
2. V.K. Dhir, Boiling heat transfer, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 30, 365–401 (1998).
 
3. I.L. Pioro, W. Rohsenow, S.S. Doerffer, Nucleate pool-boiling heat transfer. I: review of parametric effects of boiling surface, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 47 (23), 5033-5044 (2004).
 
4. R.L. Webb, The evolution of enhanced surface geometries for nucleate boiling, Heat Transfer Eng, 2 (3–4), 46-69 (1981).
 
5. S.G.K. Yen-Wen Lu, Nanoscale surface modification techniques for pool boiling enhancement–a critical review and future directions, Heat Transfer Eng, 32 (10), 827-842 (2011).
 
6. M. Shojaeian, A. Kosar, Pool boiling and flow boiling on micro- and nanostructured surfaces, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 63, 45–73 (2015).
 
7. S. Bhavnani, et al, Boiling augmentation with micro/nanostructured surfaces: current status and research outlook, Nanoscale Microscale Thermophys. Eng. 18 (3), 197-222 (2014).
 
8. J. Buongiorno, et al, Nanofluids for enhanced economics and safety of nuclear reactors: an evaluation of the potential features, Issues, and Research Gaps, Nucl. Technol. 162, 80–91 (2008).
 
9. A. Charlot, X. Deschanels, G. Toquer, Submicron coating of SiO2 nanoparticles from electrophoretic deposition, Thin Solid Films, 553, 148-152 (2014).
 
10. S.J. Kline, F.A. McClintock, Describing uncertainties in single-sample Experiments, Mech. Eng. P. 3, (January 1953).
 
11. E. Forrest, et al, Augmentation of nucleate boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux using nanoparticle thin-film coatings, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 53, 58-67 (2010).
 
12. M. Tetreault-Friend, et al, Critical heat flux maxima resulting from the controlled morphology of nanoporous hydrophilic surface layers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 (24), 243102 (2016).
 
13. S.M. Kwark, et al, Nanocoating characterization in pool boiling heat transfer of pure water, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 53 (21-22), 4579-4587 (2010).
 
14. H.S. Ahn, J.M. Kim, M.H. Kim, Experimental study of the effect of a reduced graphene oxide coating on critical heat flux enhancement, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 60, 763-771 (2013).
 
15. J.M. Kim, et al, Effect of a graphene oxide coating layer on critical heat flux enhancement under pool boiling, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 77, 919-927 (2014).
 
16. N. Zuber, Hydrodynamic aspects of boiling heat transfer, AECU-4439, Atomic Energy Commission, (1959).
 
17. S.G. Kandlikar, A Theoretical model to predict pool boiling CHF incorporating effects of contact angle and orientation, J. Heat Transfer, 123, 1071-1079 (2001).
 
18. L. Liao, R. Bao, Z.H. Liu, Compositive effects of orientation and contact angle on critical heat flux in pool boiling of water, Heat Mass Transfer, 44, 1447-1453 (2008).
 
19. V.K. Dhir, S.P. Liaw, Framework for a unified model for nucleate and transition pool boiling, J. Heat Transfer, 111, 739–746 (1989).
 
20. C.C. Hsu, P.H. Chen, Surface wettability effects on critical heat flux of boiling heat transfer using nanoparticle coatings, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55, 3713-3719 (2012).

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