Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Use of response surface methodology for optimizing process parameters of thorium adsorption on amino-functionalized titanosilicate nanoparticles

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

P. Manouchehri 1
S. A.Milani 2
H. Abolghasemi 1

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O.Box:11155-4563, Tehran- Iran

2 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O. Box: 14893-836, Tehran – Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2021.1185
Abstract
The ability of amino-functionalized hydrothermally synthesized titanosilicate nanoparticles (TiSiNH2) was investigated for the adsorption of Th(IV) from aqueous solutions in batch mode. The effects of four process independent variables including pH, initial metal concentration, sorbent amount and temperature were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The accuracy of model was verified by coefficient of determination. The results of optimization showed that the sorption capacity of TiSiNH2 for Th(IV) under optimal conditions was 83.04 mg g-1. The results of modeling showed that, experimental data of adsorption capacity of sorbent for Th(IV) were better fitted with double exponential kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm can describe the equilibrium data well. The maximum adsorption capacity of TiSiNH2 for Th(IV)­ was estimated to be 87.71 mg g-1 by Langmuir isotherm.

Highlights

1.      D.K. Hays, A. Mushakov, Nuclear Energy Review, www.Thoriumpower.com, 45 (2006).

 

2.      J. E. Crawford, Thorium mineral facts and problems, U.S Bur. Mines Bull 556 (1956).

 

3.      F. Habashi, Texbook of  Hydrometallurgy, Department of mining and metallurgy. (Laval University, Quebec city, Canada, 1993).

 

4.      H. C. Hahm et al. Predispersed Solvent Extraction of Negatively Complexed Copper from Water Using Colloidal Liquid Aphron Containing a Quaternary Ammonium Salt, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20 ,716  (2003).

 

5.   M. Eskandari Nasab et al. Determination of optimum process conditions for the separation of thorium and rare earth elements by solvent extraction, Hydrometallurgy, 106, 141‌ (2011).

 

6.    M.Soylak and N.D. Erdogan, Copper(II)–rubeanic acid coprecipitation system for separation–preconcentration of trace metal ions in environmental samples for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations, J Hazard Mater., 137, 1035 (2006).

 

7.   M.M. Matlock et al. Chemical precipitation of heavy metals from acid mine drainage, Water Res., 36  4757 (2002).
 
8.     S. Prabhakar et al. Reverse Osmosis Separation of Radiocontaminants from Ammonium Diuranate Effluents, Sep Sci Technol, 29, 1001 (1994).

 

9.   H.­A. Qdais and H. Moussa, Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Membrane Processes: A Comparative Study, Desalination, 164, 105 (2004).

 

10. ‌ P. Rule et al. Uranium(VI) remediation from aqueous environment using impregnated cellulose beads, J Environ Radioact, 136, 22 (2014).

 

11.  P. Cañizares et al. Recovery of heavy metals by means of ultrafiltration with water-soluble polymers: calculation of design parameters, Desalination, 144, 279 (2002).

 

12. A. Tripathi et al. Optimizing Cs-exchange in Titanosilicate with the Mineral Pharmacosiderite Topology: Framework Substitution of Nb and Ge, J. Solid State Chem., 177,  2903 (2004).

 

13.  ‌A.M. Puziy, Cesium and strontium exchange by the framework potassium titanium silicate K3­HTi4­O4­(SiO4­)3­·4H2O,  J. Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 237,  73 (1998).

 

14.  ‌M. D. Kaminski et al. Evaluation of extractant – coated ferromagnetic microparticles for the recovery of hazardous metals from waste solution, Separation Science and Technology, 34, 1103 (1999).

 

15. D. A. Fleming et al. Chemically functional alkanethiol derivatized magnetic nanoparticles Proc. Mater. Res. Soc., 746,  207 (2002).

 

16.   ‌H.A. Tsai  et al. Influence of surface hydrophobic groups on the adsorption of proteins onto nonporous Polymeric particles with immobilized metal ions, J Colloid Interface Sci., 15, 379 (2001).
 
17.  V. Luca et al. Nb-substitution and Cs+ ion-exchange in the titanosilicat sitinakite, Microporous Mesooporous mater., 55, 1 (2002).

 

18.   A. Tripathi et al. Selectivity for Cs and Sr in Nb-substituted titanosilicate with sitinakite topology, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 175 [1], 72  (2003).

 

19.   L. Al-Attar et al. Uptake of uranium on ETS-10 microporous titanosilicate. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 246 [2], 451 (2000).

 

20.    L. Al Attar and  A. Dyer, Sorption of uranium onto titanosilicate materials. Journal of Radioanal-ytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 247 [1], 121 (2001).

 

21.  C. C. Pavel et al. The sorption of some radiocations on microporous titanosilicate ETS-10, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry, 258 [2], 243 (2003).

 

22.  R. Grădinaru1 et al. On the influence of ETS-10 porosity and surface properties in retention of some nanoionsand nanomolecules, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 8 [4], 901 (2009).

 

23.    ‌M.A.Bezerra et al. Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry, Talanta, 76, 965  (2008).

 

24.    ‌A. Altomare et al. Solving crystal structures from powder data. IV. The use of patterson information for estimating the |F|'s , J. Appl. Cryst., 31, 74 (1998).

 

25.    ‌A. Altomare et al. New  techniques for indexing: N-treor in expo­journal of applied crystallography, 33 , 1180 (2000).

 

26.    ‌Y. Guifen et al., in:­­ Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems,(IEEE, Viena,  2006), pp. 649.

 

27.    ‌A.Ahmadpour and D.D.Do, The preparation of activated carbon from coal by chemical and physical  activation, Carbon, 34, 471 (1996).

 

28.           ‌A.M.McDonald et al. a new hydrated sodium calcium titanosilicate from MontSaint-Hilaire, Quebec: description, structure determination and genetic implications. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42 [3],  769 (2004).

 

29.    ‌L.L.F. Su and X. Zhao, Synthesis and characterization of microporous titanosilicate ETS-10 with different titanium precursors. Journal of Porous Materials, 13 [3-4], 263 (2006).

 

30.    ‌A. Bayat et al. A magnetic supported iron complex for selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using 30% hydrogen peroxide at room temperature. RSC Advances, 4 [83], 44274 (2014).

 

31.    G.H. Mirzabe and A.R. Keshtkar, Application of response surface methodology for thorium adsorption on PVA/Fe­3O4/SiO­2 APTES nanohybrid adsorbent, Journal of Industrial and  Engineering Chemistry, 26, 277–285 (2015).

 

32.    ‌O. Corzo et al. Optimization of a thin layer drying process for coroba slices, Journal of Food Engineering, 85, 372 (2008).

 

33.    ‌K. Ravikumar et al. Optimization of process variables by the application of response surface methodology for dye removal using a novel adsorbent, Dyes and Pigments, 72, 66 (2007).

 

34.    D. C. M. R. H. Myers and C. M. Anderson, Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, 3rd Edition. (Wiley Pub Inc, New York., 2009).

 

 

 

35.    ‌M. Algarra et al. Heavy metals removal from electroplating wastewater by aminopropyl-Si MCM-41, Chemosphere, 59 [6], 779 (2005).

 

36.    ‌M. Wazne et al. Carbonate effects on hexavalent uranium removal from water by nanocrystalline titanium dioxide, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 136, 47 (2006).

 

37.    ‌S. Saxena et al. Radionuclide Sorption onto Low-Cost Mineral Adsorbent, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 45, 9122 (2006).

 

38.   X.-p.Liao andB. Shi, Adsorption of Fluoride on Zirconium(IV)-Impregnated Collagen Fiber, Environmental Science & Technology, 39, 4628 (2005).

 

39.  ‌S. Senthilkumaar et al. Kinetic Approach for the Adsorption of Organophosphorous Pesticides from Aqueous Solution Using “Waste” Jute Fiber Carbon, E-Journal of Chemistry, 7[S1], S511 (2010).
 
40.   M. Torab-Mostaedi et al. Biosorption of lanthanum and cerium from aqueous solutions by grapefruit peel: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, Research on Chemical Intermediates, 41 [2], 559 (2015).

 

41.  Y.-Shan Ho and A. E. Ofomaja, Pseudo-second-order model for lead ion sorption from aqueous solutions onto palm kernel fiber, Journal of Hazardous Materials B, 129, 137 (2006).

 

42.  D. Daset al. Recovery of lanthanum(III) from aqueous solution using biosorbents of plant and animal origin: Batch and column studies, Minerals Engineering, 69, 40 (2014).

 

43.   C.-Y. Kuo and H.-Y. Lin, Adsorption of aqueous cadmium­(II) onto modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes following microwave/chemical treatment. Desalination, 249 [2], 792 (2009).

Keywords

Adsorbtion of thorium
Titanosilicate
Functionalized
Response surface methodology (RSM)
Central composite design (CCD)
1.      D.K. Hays, A. Mushakov, Nuclear Energy Review, www.Thoriumpower.com, 45 (2006).
 
2.      J. E. Crawford, Thorium mineral facts and problems, U.S Bur. Mines Bull 556 (1956).
 
3.      F. Habashi, Texbook of  Hydrometallurgy, Department of mining and metallurgy. (Laval University, Quebec city, Canada, 1993).
 
4.      H. C. Hahm et al. Predispersed Solvent Extraction of Negatively Complexed Copper from Water Using Colloidal Liquid Aphron Containing a Quaternary Ammonium Salt, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20 ,716  (2003).
 
5.   M. Eskandari Nasab et al. Determination of optimum process conditions for the separation of thorium and rare earth elements by solvent extraction, Hydrometallurgy, 106, 141‌ (2011).
 
6.    M.Soylak and N.D. Erdogan, Copper(II)–rubeanic acid coprecipitation system for separation–preconcentration of trace metal ions in environmental samples for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations, J Hazard Mater., 137, 1035 (2006).
 
7.   M.M. Matlock et al. Chemical precipitation of heavy metals from acid mine drainage, Water Res., 36  4757 (2002).
 
8.     S. Prabhakar et al. Reverse Osmosis Separation of Radiocontaminants from Ammonium Diuranate Effluents, Sep Sci Technol, 29, 1001 (1994).
 
9.   H.­A. Qdais and H. Moussa, Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Membrane Processes: A Comparative Study, Desalination, 164, 105 (2004).
 
10. ‌ P. Rule et al. Uranium(VI) remediation from aqueous environment using impregnated cellulose beads, J Environ Radioact, 136, 22 (2014).
 
11.  P. Cañizares et al. Recovery of heavy metals by means of ultrafiltration with water-soluble polymers: calculation of design parameters, Desalination, 144, 279 (2002).
 
12. A. Tripathi et al. Optimizing Cs-exchange in Titanosilicate with the Mineral Pharmacosiderite Topology: Framework Substitution of Nb and Ge, J. Solid State Chem., 177,  2903 (2004).
 
13.  ‌A.M. Puziy, Cesium and strontium exchange by the framework potassium titanium silicate K3­HTi4­O4­(SiO4­)3­·4H2O,  J. Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 237,  73 (1998).
 
14.  ‌M. D. Kaminski et al. Evaluation of extractant – coated ferromagnetic microparticles for the recovery of hazardous metals from waste solution, Separation Science and Technology, 34, 1103 (1999).
 
15. D. A. Fleming et al. Chemically functional alkanethiol derivatized magnetic nanoparticles Proc. Mater. Res. Soc., 746,  207 (2002).
 
16.   ‌H.A. Tsai  et al. Influence of surface hydrophobic groups on the adsorption of proteins onto nonporous Polymeric particles with immobilized metal ions, J Colloid Interface Sci., 15, 379 (2001).
 
17.  V. Luca et al. Nb-substitution and Cs+ ion-exchange in the titanosilicat sitinakite, Microporous Mesooporous mater., 55, 1 (2002).
 
18.   A. Tripathi et al. Selectivity for Cs and Sr in Nb-substituted titanosilicate with sitinakite topology, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 175 [1], 72  (2003).
 
19.   L. Al-Attar et al. Uptake of uranium on ETS-10 microporous titanosilicate. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 246 [2], 451 (2000).
 
20.    L. Al Attar and  A. Dyer, Sorption of uranium onto titanosilicate materials. Journal of Radioanal-ytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 247 [1], 121 (2001).
 
21.  C. C. Pavel et al. The sorption of some radiocations on microporous titanosilicate ETS-10, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry, 258 [2], 243 (2003).
 
22.  R. Grădinaru1 et al. On the influence of ETS-10 porosity and surface properties in retention of some nanoionsand nanomolecules, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 8 [4], 901 (2009).
 
23.    ‌M.A.Bezerra et al. Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry, Talanta, 76, 965  (2008).
 
24.    ‌A. Altomare et al. Solving crystal structures from powder data. IV. The use of patterson information for estimating the |F|'s , J. Appl. Cryst., 31, 74 (1998).
 
25.    ‌A. Altomare et al. New  techniques for indexing: N-treor in expo­journal of applied crystallography, 33 , 1180 (2000).
 
26.    ‌Y. Guifen et al., in:­­ Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems,(IEEE, Viena,  2006), pp. 649.
 
27.    ‌A.Ahmadpour and D.D.Do, The preparation of activated carbon from coal by chemical and physical  activation, Carbon, 34, 471 (1996).
 
28.           ‌A.M.McDonald et al. a new hydrated sodium calcium titanosilicate from MontSaint-Hilaire, Quebec: description, structure determination and genetic implications. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42 [3],  769 (2004).
 
29.    ‌L.L.F. Su and X. Zhao, Synthesis and characterization of microporous titanosilicate ETS-10 with different titanium precursors. Journal of Porous Materials, 13 [3-4], 263 (2006).
 
30.    ‌A. Bayat et al. A magnetic supported iron complex for selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using 30% hydrogen peroxide at room temperature. RSC Advances, 4 [83], 44274 (2014).
 
31.    G.H. Mirzabe and A.R. Keshtkar, Application of response surface methodology for thorium adsorption on PVA/Fe­3O4/SiO­2 APTES nanohybrid adsorbent, Journal of Industrial and  Engineering Chemistry, 26, 277–285 (2015).
 
32.    ‌O. Corzo et al. Optimization of a thin layer drying process for coroba slices, Journal of Food Engineering, 85, 372 (2008).
 
33.    ‌K. Ravikumar et al. Optimization of process variables by the application of response surface methodology for dye removal using a novel adsorbent, Dyes and Pigments, 72, 66 (2007).
 
34.    D. C. M. R. H. Myers and C. M. Anderson, Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, 3rd Edition. (Wiley Pub Inc, New York., 2009).

 
 
 
35.    ‌M. Algarra et al. Heavy metals removal from electroplating wastewater by aminopropyl-Si MCM-41, Chemosphere, 59 [6], 779 (2005).
 
36.    ‌M. Wazne et al. Carbonate effects on hexavalent uranium removal from water by nanocrystalline titanium dioxide, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 136, 47 (2006).
 
37.    ‌S. Saxena et al. Radionuclide Sorption onto Low-Cost Mineral Adsorbent, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 45, 9122 (2006).
 
38.   X.-p.Liao andB. Shi, Adsorption of Fluoride on Zirconium(IV)-Impregnated Collagen Fiber, Environmental Science & Technology, 39, 4628 (2005).
 
39.  ‌S. Senthilkumaar et al. Kinetic Approach for the Adsorption of Organophosphorous Pesticides from Aqueous Solution Using “Waste” Jute Fiber Carbon, E-Journal of Chemistry, 7[S1], S511 (2010).
 
40.   M. Torab-Mostaedi et al. Biosorption of lanthanum and cerium from aqueous solutions by grapefruit peel: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, Research on Chemical Intermediates, 41 [2], 559 (2015).
 
41.  Y.-Shan Ho and A. E. Ofomaja, Pseudo-second-order model for lead ion sorption from aqueous solutions onto palm kernel fiber, Journal of Hazardous Materials B, 129, 137 (2006).
 
42.  D. Daset al. Recovery of lanthanum(III) from aqueous solution using biosorbents of plant and animal origin: Batch and column studies, Minerals Engineering, 69, 40 (2014).
 
43.   C.-Y. Kuo and H.-Y. Lin, Adsorption of aqueous cadmium­(II) onto modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes following microwave/chemical treatment. Desalination, 249 [2], 792 (2009).

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