Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Investigation of the nonlinear optical coefficients of gold nanoparticles by Z-scan method using the femtosecond laser pulses

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi
A.S. Motamedi
E.S. Bostandoost
R. Goodarzi

Photonics and Quantum Technologies Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.BOX: 143995-13, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2021.1290
Abstract
The present work measured the sign and the amount of nonlinear optical absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index of gold nanoparticles by Z-scan method. The Ti: sapphire laser is used in two modes: continuous wave and pulsed with 60 fs duration and a repetition rate of 80 MHz at the wavelength of 800 nm, with an average power of 28 mW. Gold nanoparticles were obtained by the laser ablation method with 20 ns pulses and a repetition rate of 10 Hz in SDS solution. Due to using femtosecond laser pulses with a high repetition rate, thermal and electronic nonlinear effects appeared. The results were compared with a continuous wave Z-scan at the same wavelength and exposure power to eliminate the cumulative thermal effect and separate the electronic and thermal nonlinear coefficients. The electronic and thermal nonlinear absorption coefficients were obtained 15×10-5 and 125×10-5cm.W-1, respectively. Kerr de-focusing effect occurred in both electronic and thermal nonlinearity, and the nonlinear electronic and the thermal refractions were calculated -41×10-9 and -34×10-9cm2W-1, respectively. The experiments show that the nonlinear coefficients of the sample prepared in this research are larger than the values obtained for the samples made by the chemical method.

Highlights

1. F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi, A. Motamedi, Synthesis of Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles by Nd:YAG laser irradiation, Laser Phys. Lett., 4, 133–137 (2007).

 

2. G. Schmid, Nanoparticles: From Theory to Application, New York: Wiley (2011).

 

3. F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi, et al, Preparation of silver nanoparticles by laser ablation and fragmentation in pure water, Laser Phys. Lett., 3, 252–256 (2006).

 

4. M. Gonli, L. Razzari, M. Righini, Z-scan measurements using high repetition rate lasers: how to manage thermal effects, Opt. A Pure Appl. Opt. 1, 662-667 (1999).

 

5. M. Sheik-bahae, et al, Sensetive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam, IEEE Leos News, February, 17–26 (2007).

 

6. M. Sheik-Bahae, A.L.I.A. Said, T. Wei, High sensitivity single beam n2 measurement, Opt. Lett. 14, 955-959 (1989).

 

7. R. de Nalda, et al, Limits to the determination of the nonlinear refractive index by the Z-scan method, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 19, (2002).

 

8. M. Falconieri, Thermo-optical effects in Z-scan measurements using high-repetition-rate lasers, J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 1, 662-667 (1999).

 

9. M. Falconieri, G. Salvetti, Simultaneous measurement of pure-optical and thermo-optical nonlinearities induced by high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser pulses application to CS2, Appl. Phys. B. 69, 133-136 (1999).

 

10. N. Wickremasinghe, et al, Eliminating thermal effects in z-scan measurements of thin PTCDA films, Opt. Express, 22, 23955 (2014).

 

11. P. Qi, et al, Optical nonlinearities of alcoholic liquids under high-repetition-rate femtosecond lasers by single beam time-resolved eclipsed Z-scan, Opt. Laser Technol, 109, 643–647 (2019).

 

12. Yue Fu, Rashid A. Ganeev, P.S. Krishnendu, et.al., Size dependent off resonant nonlinear optical properties of gold nanoparticles and demonstration of efficient optical limiting, Optical Materials Express, 9 (3), 976( 2019).

 

13. M. Taheri, et al, Nonlinear optical response of gold/silicon nanocomposite prepared by consecutive laser ablation, Laser Phys., 25. 65901 (2015).

 

14. H. Nadjari, F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi, A. Motamedi, Thermo optical response and optical limiting in Ag and Au nanocolloid prepared by laser ablation, Laser Phys., 20, 859–864 (2010).

 

15. M.R.J. Milani, F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi, A.S. Motamedi, Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of Gold colloidal nanoparticles, Prepared by laser ablation, 13th ICOP (2007).

Keywords

Z-scan
Femtosecond laser
Optical nonlinearity
Gold nanoparticles
1. F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi, A. Motamedi, Synthesis of Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles by Nd:YAG laser irradiation, Laser Phys. Lett., 4, 133–137 (2007).
 
2. G. Schmid, Nanoparticles: From Theory to Application, New York: Wiley (2011).
 
3. F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi, et al, Preparation of silver nanoparticles by laser ablation and fragmentation in pure water, Laser Phys. Lett., 3, 252–256 (2006).
 
4. M. Gonli, L. Razzari, M. Righini, Z-scan measurements using high repetition rate lasers: how to manage thermal effects, Opt. A Pure Appl. Opt. 1, 662-667 (1999).
 
5. M. Sheik-bahae, et al, Sensetive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam, IEEE Leos News, February, 17–26 (2007).
 
6. M. Sheik-Bahae, A.L.I.A. Said, T. Wei, High sensitivity single beam n2 measurement, Opt. Lett. 14, 955-959 (1989).
 
7. R. de Nalda, et al, Limits to the determination of the nonlinear refractive index by the Z-scan method, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 19, (2002).
 
8. M. Falconieri, Thermo-optical effects in Z-scan measurements using high-repetition-rate lasers, J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 1, 662-667 (1999).
 
9. M. Falconieri, G. Salvetti, Simultaneous measurement of pure-optical and thermo-optical nonlinearities induced by high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser pulses application to CS2, Appl. Phys. B. 69, 133-136 (1999).
 
10. N. Wickremasinghe, et al, Eliminating thermal effects in z-scan measurements of thin PTCDA films, Opt. Express, 22, 23955 (2014).
 
11. P. Qi, et al, Optical nonlinearities of alcoholic liquids under high-repetition-rate femtosecond lasers by single beam time-resolved eclipsed Z-scan, Opt. Laser Technol, 109, 643–647 (2019).
 
12. Yue Fu, Rashid A. Ganeev, P.S. Krishnendu, et.al., Size dependent off resonant nonlinear optical properties of gold nanoparticles and demonstration of efficient optical limiting, Optical Materials Express, 9 (3), 976( 2019).
 
13. M. Taheri, et al, Nonlinear optical response of gold/silicon nanocomposite prepared by consecutive laser ablation, Laser Phys., 25. 65901 (2015).
 
14. H. Nadjari, F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi, A. Motamedi, Thermo optical response and optical limiting in Ag and Au nanocolloid prepared by laser ablation, Laser Phys., 20, 859–864 (2010).
 
15. M.R.J. Milani, F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi, A.S. Motamedi, Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of Gold colloidal nanoparticles, Prepared by laser ablation, 13th ICOP (2007).

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