Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Experimental Studies on CHF Characteristics of Nanofluids at Pool Boiling

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

H Kazeminejad
A Akhavan
H Khalafi
E Ataeivarjovi
Abstract
The use of nanofluids to increase the safety margin of high heat flux thermal systems in nuclear power plants through the enhancement of the critical heat flux (CHF) has been considered recently by researchers. To investigate the CHF characteristics of nanofluids, pool boiling experiments of nanofluids with various concentrations of TiO2, Al2O3 and SiO2 nanoparticles were carried out using a 0.2 mm diameter cylindrical Ni–Cr wire under the atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the CHF of SiO2 nanofluid is significantly enhanced by 56% compared with that of pure water by increasing the nanoparticle concentration to 0.05 wt%. Microscopic images, subsequent to the CHF experiment of SiO2 nanofluid, revealed that nanoparticles are deposited on the wire surface during the pool boiling of the nanofluid. The CHF of pure water was measured on a nanoparticle-coated wire which was produced during the pool boiling experiments of SiO2 nanofluids. The results of these experiments showed clearly that the main reason for the CHF enhancement of the nanofluid is the modification of the heating surface by the SiO2 nanoparticle deposition during the pool boiling.

Highlights

[1] M.N. Golubovic, H.D.M. Hettiarachchi, W.M. Worek, W.J. Minkowycz, Nanofluids and critical heat flux, experimental and analytical study, Appl. Therm. Eng. 29 (2009) 1281-1288.

 

[2] S.J. Kim, T. McKrell, J. Buongiorno, L.W. Hu, Alumina nanoparticles enhance the flow boiling critical heat flux of water at low pressure, J. Heat Transfer 130 (2008) 044501.

 

[3] S.J. Kim, T. McKrell, J. Buongiorno, L.W. Hu, Experimental study of flow critical heat flux in alumina-water, zinc-oxide-water, and diamond-water nanofluids, J. Heat Transfer. 131 (2009) 043204, 1-5.

 

[4] S. Kim, I. Bang, J. Buongiorno, L. Hu, Surface wettability change during pool boiling of nanofluids and its effect on critical heat flux, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 50 (2007) 4105-4116.

 

[5] S.M. You, J.H. Kim, K.H. Kim, Effect of nanoparticles on critical heat flux of water in pool boiling heat transfer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003) 3374-3376.

 

[6] P. Vassallo, Pool boiling heat transfer experiments in silica-water nanofluids, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 407-411.

 

 

[7] I. Bang, S. Heungchang, Boiling heat transfer performance and phenomena of Al2O3-water nano-fluids from a plain surface in a pool, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 48 (2005) 2407-2419.

 

[8] D. Milanova, R. Kumar, Heat Transfer Behavior of Silica Nanoparticles in Pool Boiling Experiment, J. Heat Transfer 130 (2008) 042401, 1-6.

 

[9] H. Kim, J. Kim, M.W. Kim, Experimental study on CHF characteristics of water-TiO2 nano-fluids, Nucl. Eng. Technol. 38 (2006) 61-68.

 

[10] H. Kim, M. Kim, Experimental study of the characteristics and mechanism of pool boiling CHF enhancement using nanofluids, Heat Mass Transfer 45 (2009) 991-998.

 

[11] H. Kim, Enhancement of critical heat flux in nucleate boiling of nanofluids: a state-of-art review, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6 (2011) 415, 1-18.

 

[12] H. Kim, J. Kim, M. Kim, Experimental studies on CHF characteristics of nano-fluids at pool boiling. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 33 (2007) 691-706.

 

[13] H. Kim, J. Kim, M.H. Kim, Effect of nanoparticles on CHF enhancement in pool boiling of nano-fluids. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 49 (2006) 5070-5074.

 

[14] S.K. Kwark, G. Moreno, R. Kumar, H. Moon, S.M. You, Nanocoating characterization in pool boiling heat transfer of pure water, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (2010) 4579-4587.

 

[15] S. Kim, I. Bang, J. Buongiorno, L. Hu, Surface wettability change during pool boiling of nanofluids and its effect on critical heat flux. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 50 (2007) 4105-4116.

 

[16] H.T. Phan, N. Caney, M. Philippe, S. Colasson, J. Gavillet, Surface wettability control by nanocoating: The effects on pool boiling heat transfer and nucleation mechanism, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 52 (2009) 5459–5471.

Keywords

Nanofluids
Critical Heat Flux
Pool Boiling
[1] M.N. Golubovic, H.D.M. Hettiarachchi, W.M. Worek, W.J. Minkowycz, Nanofluids and critical heat flux, experimental and analytical study, Appl. Therm. Eng. 29 (2009) 1281-1288.
 
[2] S.J. Kim, T. McKrell, J. Buongiorno, L.W. Hu, Alumina nanoparticles enhance the flow boiling critical heat flux of water at low pressure, J. Heat Transfer 130 (2008) 044501.
 
[3] S.J. Kim, T. McKrell, J. Buongiorno, L.W. Hu, Experimental study of flow critical heat flux in alumina-water, zinc-oxide-water, and diamond-water nanofluids, J. Heat Transfer. 131 (2009) 043204, 1-5.
 
[4] S. Kim, I. Bang, J. Buongiorno, L. Hu, Surface wettability change during pool boiling of nanofluids and its effect on critical heat flux, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 50 (2007) 4105-4116.
 
[5] S.M. You, J.H. Kim, K.H. Kim, Effect of nanoparticles on critical heat flux of water in pool boiling heat transfer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003) 3374-3376.
 
[6] P. Vassallo, Pool boiling heat transfer experiments in silica-water nanofluids, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 407-411.
 
 
[7] I. Bang, S. Heungchang, Boiling heat transfer performance and phenomena of Al2O3-water nano-fluids from a plain surface in a pool, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 48 (2005) 2407-2419.
 
[8] D. Milanova, R. Kumar, Heat Transfer Behavior of Silica Nanoparticles in Pool Boiling Experiment, J. Heat Transfer 130 (2008) 042401, 1-6.
 
[9] H. Kim, J. Kim, M.W. Kim, Experimental study on CHF characteristics of water-TiO2 nano-fluids, Nucl. Eng. Technol. 38 (2006) 61-68.
 
[10] H. Kim, M. Kim, Experimental study of the characteristics and mechanism of pool boiling CHF enhancement using nanofluids, Heat Mass Transfer 45 (2009) 991-998.
 
[11] H. Kim, Enhancement of critical heat flux in nucleate boiling of nanofluids: a state-of-art review, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6 (2011) 415, 1-18.
 
[12] H. Kim, J. Kim, M. Kim, Experimental studies on CHF characteristics of nano-fluids at pool boiling. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 33 (2007) 691-706.
 
[13] H. Kim, J. Kim, M.H. Kim, Effect of nanoparticles on CHF enhancement in pool boiling of nano-fluids. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 49 (2006) 5070-5074.
 
[14] S.K. Kwark, G. Moreno, R. Kumar, H. Moon, S.M. You, Nanocoating characterization in pool boiling heat transfer of pure water, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (2010) 4579-4587.
 
[15] S. Kim, I. Bang, J. Buongiorno, L. Hu, Surface wettability change during pool boiling of nanofluids and its effect on critical heat flux. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 50 (2007) 4105-4116.
 
[16] H.T. Phan, N. Caney, M. Philippe, S. Colasson, J. Gavillet, Surface wettability control by nanocoating: The effects on pool boiling heat transfer and nucleation mechanism, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 52 (2009) 5459–5471.

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