Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Extraction and determination of trace amounts of cadmium in aqueous solutions using organic gas steam liquid extraction method

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

S. Rasouli Garmarodi 1, 2
A. Nilchi 1
M.R. Yaftian 2
J. Rafiei 1

1 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box:11365-8486, Tehran-Iran

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zanjan University, P.O.BOX: 45371-38791, Zanjan - Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2022.1474
Abstract
In this study, organic gas steam liquid extraction (OGS-LE) by using a particular homemade extraction cell was proposed to extract and determine cadmium in aqueous solutions. The variables of interest in the OGS-LE method in this research are extraction solvent volume, pH of the aqueous solution, the molar ratio of extractant agent, and heated chamber temperature, which were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method were found to be 0.03 μg L−1 and 0.09 μg L−1 for Cd2+ ions. The linear concentration range was 0.1-1 μg L−1 , and the percent relative standard deviation (RSD %) was 3.7%.

Highlights

1. A. Rohanifar, Solid-Phase Micro Extraction of Heavy Metals in Natural Water with a Polypyrrole/Carbon Nanotube/1, 10–Phenanthroline Composite Sorbent Material, Talanta, 188, 570-577 (2018).
 
2. H. Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, A. Pasdaran, R. Rezaei Bezenjanic, Determination of Toxic Heavy Metals in Rice samples using Ultrasound Assisted Emulsification Micro Extraction Combined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Food Chemistry, 289, 26-32 (2019).
 
3. M. Ghorbani, S. Akbarzade, M. Aghamohammad-hasan, Pre-Concentration and Determination of Cadmium and Lead Ions in Real Water, Soil and Food Samples Using a Simple and Sensitive Green Solvent-based Ultrasonic Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Micro Extraction and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Analytical Methods, 52, 47-53 (2018).
 
4. K. Vijay, et al, Assessment of Heavy Metal Ions, Essential Metal Ions, and Antioxidant Properties of the Most Common Herbal Drugs in Indian Ayurvedic Hospital: For Ensuring Quality Assurance of Certain Ayurvedic Drugs, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 18, 1-7 (2019).
 
5. W. Xiaojun, et al, Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro Extraction and Micro-Solid Phase Extraction for the Rapid Determination of Metals in Food and Environmental Waters, Analytical Letters, 7-43 (2015).
 
6. M. Jaishnkar, T. Tseten, Toxicity, Mechanism and Health Effects of Some Heavy Metals, Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7(2), 60-72 (2014).
 
7. J. Wochele, Heavy metal partitioning in a nuclear waste treatment plant, China Particuology, 4(2), 86-89 (2006).
 
8. B. Ataollah, et al, Selective separation of nickel and cadmium from sulfate solutions of spent nickel cadmium batteries using mixtures of D2EHPA and Cyanex 302, Journal of Power Sources, 247, 127-133 (2014).

 

9. K. Aoshima, Itai-itai disease: Renal Tubular Osteomalacia Induced by Environmental Exposure to Cadmium-Historical Review and Perspectives, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 62(4), 319-326 (2016).
 
10. B.A. Fowler, Monitoring of Human Populations for Early Markers of Cadmium Toxicity: A review, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 238, 294-300 (2009).
 
11.Y. Tharakeswar, et al, Optical Chemical Sensor for Screening Cadmium(II) in Natural Waters, Journal of Sensor Technology, 2, 68-74 (2012).
 
12. S. Li, et al, A novel method 323 applied in determination and assessment of trace amount of lead and cadmium in rice from four provinces, China. PLoS One, 9(9), 1–9 (2014).
 
13. X. Wang, et al, Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and micro-solid phase extraction for the rapid determination of metals in food and environmental waters, Analytical Letters, 48(11), 1787–1801(2015).
 
14. S.M. Sorouraddin, M.A. Farajzadeh, H. Dastoori, Development of a Dispersive Liquid˗liquid Microextraction Method Based on a Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent as Chelating Agent and Extraction Solvent for Preconcentration of Heavy Metals from Milk Samples, Talanta., 208, 12048 (2020).
 
15. H. Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, et al, Determination of Toxic Heavy Metals in Rice Samples Using Ultrasound Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Combined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Food Chemistry, 289, 26-32 (2019).
 
16. M. Tuzen, S. Sahiner, B. Hazer, Solid Phase Extraction of Lead, Cadmium and Zinc on Biodegradable Polyhydroxybutyrate Diethanol Amine (PHB-DEA) Polymer and Their Determination in Water and Food Samples, Food Chemistry, 210, 115-122 (2016).

Keywords

Cadmium determination
Organic gas steam-liquid extraction
Aqueous solutions
1. A. Rohanifar, Solid-Phase Micro Extraction of Heavy Metals in Natural Water with a Polypyrrole/Carbon Nanotube/1, 10–Phenanthroline Composite Sorbent Material, Talanta, 188, 570-577 (2018).
 
2. H. Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, A. Pasdaran, R. Rezaei Bezenjanic, Determination of Toxic Heavy Metals in Rice samples using Ultrasound Assisted Emulsification Micro Extraction Combined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Food Chemistry, 289, 26-32 (2019).
 
3. M. Ghorbani, S. Akbarzade, M. Aghamohammad-hasan, Pre-Concentration and Determination of Cadmium and Lead Ions in Real Water, Soil and Food Samples Using a Simple and Sensitive Green Solvent-based Ultrasonic Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Micro Extraction and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Analytical Methods, 52, 47-53 (2018).
 
4. K. Vijay, et al, Assessment of Heavy Metal Ions, Essential Metal Ions, and Antioxidant Properties of the Most Common Herbal Drugs in Indian Ayurvedic Hospital: For Ensuring Quality Assurance of Certain Ayurvedic Drugs, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 18, 1-7 (2019).
 
5. W. Xiaojun, et al, Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro Extraction and Micro-Solid Phase Extraction for the Rapid Determination of Metals in Food and Environmental Waters, Analytical Letters, 7-43 (2015).
 
6. M. Jaishnkar, T. Tseten, Toxicity, Mechanism and Health Effects of Some Heavy Metals, Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7(2), 60-72 (2014).
 
7. J. Wochele, Heavy metal partitioning in a nuclear waste treatment plant, China Particuology, 4(2), 86-89 (2006).
 
8. B. Ataollah, et al, Selective separation of nickel and cadmium from sulfate solutions of spent nickel cadmium batteries using mixtures of D2EHPA and Cyanex 302, Journal of Power Sources, 247, 127-133 (2014).
 
9. K. Aoshima, Itai-itai disease: Renal Tubular Osteomalacia Induced by Environmental Exposure to Cadmium-Historical Review and Perspectives, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 62(4), 319-326 (2016).
 
10. B.A. Fowler, Monitoring of Human Populations for Early Markers of Cadmium Toxicity: A review, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 238, 294-300 (2009).
 
11.Y. Tharakeswar, et al, Optical Chemical Sensor for Screening Cadmium(II) in Natural Waters, Journal of Sensor Technology, 2, 68-74 (2012).
 
12. S. Li, et al, A novel method 323 applied in determination and assessment of trace amount of lead and cadmium in rice from four provinces, China. PLoS One, 9(9), 1–9 (2014).
 
13. X. Wang, et al, Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and micro-solid phase extraction for the rapid determination of metals in food and environmental waters, Analytical Letters, 48(11), 1787–1801(2015).
 
14. S.M. Sorouraddin, M.A. Farajzadeh, H. Dastoori, Development of a Dispersive Liquid˗liquid Microextraction Method Based on a Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent as Chelating Agent and Extraction Solvent for Preconcentration of Heavy Metals from Milk Samples, Talanta., 208, 12048 (2020).
 
15. H. Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, et al, Determination of Toxic Heavy Metals in Rice Samples Using Ultrasound Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Combined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Food Chemistry, 289, 26-32 (2019).
 
16. M. Tuzen, S. Sahiner, B. Hazer, Solid Phase Extraction of Lead, Cadmium and Zinc on Biodegradable Polyhydroxybutyrate Diethanol Amine (PHB-DEA) Polymer and Their Determination in Water and Food Samples, Food Chemistry, 210, 115-122 (2016).
Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
Volume 43, Issue 4 - Serial Number 102
December 2022
Pages 118-124

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