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Statistical analysis of the relation between human age and gender on the risk of death from cancer in head and neck CT-Scan

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Reactor & Safety Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 11365-3486, Tehran - Iran

2 Nuclear Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, P.O.Box: 14676-86831, Tehran - Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of human age and gender on the estimation of the death risk due to cancer in head and neck CT scans. The participants were selected from a representative statistical population of different ages and genders who underwent head and neck CT scans. To determine the radiation dose of the patients, Impact-dose calculation software was installed on the computer of the studied device. Using the report of the Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) Committee, the risk of death due to cancer has been estimated according to the amount of radiation exposure and dose conversion coefficient, according to the patient's age and gender. The relation between human age and gender in estimating cancer death risk was examined using the obtained data and the SPSS statistical analysis program. A significant relationship was found between the estimation of the radiation-related death risk and gender and age in the studies. In other words, the death risk associated with head and neck CT scans is higher among women than men, at 32 and 27 per million, respectively. Moreover, human age plays a significant role in the estimation of the death risk caused by radiation. So, the younger the patient, the greater the risk of death due to radiation.

Highlights

  1. Christensen E.E, Curry T.S, Dowdey J.E. Introduction to the physics of diagnostic radiology. 2nd ed. (Wilkins, New York. 1984).‏

 

  1. Hall E.J, Giaccia A.J. Radiobiology for the Radiologist. 6nd ed. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 2006).

 

  1. Lee D, de Keizer N, Lau F, Cornet R. Literature review of SNOMED CT use. J. American Medical Informatics Association. 2014;20:199.

 

  1. Cohnen M, Poll L.W, Puettmann C, Ewen K, Saleh A, Mödder U. Effective doses in standard protocols for multi-slice CT scanning. Eur Radiol. 2003;13:1148.

 

  1. King M.A, Kanal K.M, Relyea-Chew A, Bittles M, Vavilala M.S, Hollingworth W. Exposure from head CT. Pediatric Radiology. 2009;39:1065.

 

  1. Jaffe T.A, Hoang J.K, Yoshizumi T.T, Toncheva G, Lowry C, Ravin C. Radiation dose for routine clinical adult brain CT: variability on different scanners at one institution. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2010;195:433.‏

 

  1. Braunschweig C.A, Sheean P.M, Peterson S.J, Gomez Perez S, Freels S, Troy K.L, Wang Z. Exploitation of diagnostic computed tomography scans to assess the impact of nutrition support on body composition changes in respiratory failure patients. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2014;38:880.

 

  1. Chaparian A, Zarchi H.K. Assessment of radiation-induced cancer risk to patients undergoing computed tomography angiography scans. International Journal of Radiation Research. 2018;16:107.

 

  1. Liao P.H, Hsu P.T, Chu W, Chu W.C. Applying artificial intelligence technology to support decision-making in nursing: A case study in Taiwan. Health Informatics Journal. 2015;21:137.

 

  1. Al-Imam A. A Gateway Towards Machine Learning, Predictive Analytics and Neural Networks in IBM-SPSS. 2019;3:124.

 

  1. Meyers L.S, Gamst G, Guarino A.J. Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Sage Publications. 2016.‏

 

  1. Shields E, Bushong S.C. Radiologic Science for Technologists E-Book. (Physics, Biology, and Protection Elsevier Health Sciences. 2020).‏

 

  1. Bushberg J.T, Boone J.M. The essential physics of medical imaging. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2011.‏

 

  1. Impactscan.Org | Ctdosimetry.Xls-ImPACT’s Ct Dosimetry Tool.http://www.impactscan.org/ ctdosimetry.htm.

 

  1. Tapiovaara M, Lakkisto M, Servomaa A. PCXMC, A PC-Based Monte Carlo Program for Calculating Patient Doses in Medical x-Ray Examinations. Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety. 1997.

 

  1. National Research Council, Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII phase 2. 2006.‏

 

  1. Feng S.T, Law M.W.M, Huang B, Ng S, Li Z.P, Meng Q.F, Khong P.L. Radiation Dose and Cancer Risk from Pediatric CT Examinations on 64-Slice CT: A Phantom Study. European Journal of Radiology. 2010;76:23.

Keywords

References
  1. Christensen E.E, Curry T.S, Dowdey J.E. Introduction to the physics of diagnostic radiology. 2nd ed. (Wilkins, New York. 1984).‏

 

  1. Hall E.J, Giaccia A.J. Radiobiology for the Radiologist. 6nd ed. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 2006).

 

  1. Lee D, de Keizer N, Lau F, Cornet R. Literature review of SNOMED CT use. J. American Medical Informatics Association. 2014;20:199.

 

  1. Cohnen M, Poll L.W, Puettmann C, Ewen K, Saleh A, Mödder U. Effective doses in standard protocols for multi-slice CT scanning. Eur Radiol. 2003;13:1148.

 

  1. King M.A, Kanal K.M, Relyea-Chew A, Bittles M, Vavilala M.S, Hollingworth W. Exposure from head CT. Pediatric Radiology. 2009;39:1065.

 

  1. Jaffe T.A, Hoang J.K, Yoshizumi T.T, Toncheva G, Lowry C, Ravin C. Radiation dose for routine clinical adult brain CT: variability on different scanners at one institution. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2010;195:433.‏

 

  1. Braunschweig C.A, Sheean P.M, Peterson S.J, Gomez Perez S, Freels S, Troy K.L, Wang Z. Exploitation of diagnostic computed tomography scans to assess the impact of nutrition support on body composition changes in respiratory failure patients. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2014;38:880.

 

  1. Chaparian A, Zarchi H.K. Assessment of radiation-induced cancer risk to patients undergoing computed tomography angiography scans. International Journal of Radiation Research. 2018;16:107.

 

  1. Liao P.H, Hsu P.T, Chu W, Chu W.C. Applying artificial intelligence technology to support decision-making in nursing: A case study in Taiwan. Health Informatics Journal. 2015;21:137.

 

  1. Al-Imam A. A Gateway Towards Machine Learning, Predictive Analytics and Neural Networks in IBM-SPSS. 2019;3:124.

 

  1. Meyers L.S, Gamst G, Guarino A.J. Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Sage Publications. 2016.‏

 

  1. Shields E, Bushong S.C. Radiologic Science for Technologists E-Book. (Physics, Biology, and Protection Elsevier Health Sciences. 2020).‏

 

  1. Bushberg J.T, Boone J.M. The essential physics of medical imaging. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2011.‏

 

  1. Impactscan.Org | Ctdosimetry.Xls-ImPACT’s Ct Dosimetry Tool.http://www.impactscan.org/ ctdosimetry.htm.

 

  1. Tapiovaara M, Lakkisto M, Servomaa A. PCXMC, A PC-Based Monte Carlo Program for Calculating Patient Doses in Medical x-Ray Examinations. Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety. 1997.

 

  1. National Research Council, Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII phase 2. 2006.‏

 

  1. Feng S.T, Law M.W.M, Huang B, Ng S, Li Z.P, Meng Q.F, Khong P.L. Radiation Dose and Cancer Risk from Pediatric CT Examinations on 64-Slice CT: A Phantom Study. European Journal of Radiology. 2010;76:23.
Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
Volume 45, Issue 1 - Serial Number 107
April 2024
Pages 53-60
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