Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

10 a beam current electron gun design for a high-power electron linac

Document Type : Scientific Note

Authors

P. Yousefpour Lalemi 1
Sh. Sanaye Hajari 2
S. Zarei 2
F. Ghasemi 2
F. Abbasi Davani 1

1 Radiation Application Department, Nuclear Engineering Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box: 1983963113, Tehran – Iran

2 Physics and Accelerators Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box:11365-8486, Tehran-Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2023.1264.1823
Abstract
The development of electron beam applications motivates electron gun research. In addition to the beam energy and current, its quality also plays a significant role in the spread of electron guns. Herein, we present the design of an electron gun for use as an electron source in a linear accelerator with high beam current and quality. In this design, starting with the Pierce geometry, a stay-by-stay optimization based on the physics governed by the beam behavior has been carried out to control the emittance growth and get a beam of outstanding quality. In particular, non-linear transverse force, space charge effect, and spherical aberration are considered. This resulted in a threefold improvement in the beam quality as measured by the beam emittance.

Highlights

  1. Yousefpour Lalami P. Simulation and optimization of thermionic electron gun with high current and quality. Iran Physics Conference. Isfahan University of Technology. 2021 [In Persian].

 

  1. https://www.hzdr.de/db/Cms?pOid=56940.

 

  1. Reiser M. Theory and Design of Charge Particle Beams. 2nd edition. Wiley-VCH. 2008.

 

  1. Wangler T.P, Crandall K.R, Mills R.S, Reiser M. Relation between Field Energy and RMS Emittance in Intense Particle Beams. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 1985;NS-32(5):2196.

 

  1. Pierce J.R. Theory and design of Electron Guns. 2nd ed. New York. Van Nostrand. 1954.

 

  1. Vaughan J.R.M. Synthesis of the Pierce gun. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 1981 January; 28(1).

 

  1. Tiwary U, Basu B.N. Noniterative method for the synthesis of convergent pierce electron guns. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 1987 May; 34(5).

 

  1. Dayyani Kelisani M, Doebert S, Aslaninejad M. Low emittance design of the electron gun and the focusing channel of the Compact Linear Collider drive beam. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams. 2017;20:043403.

 

  1. Togawa K, Shintake T, Inagaki T, Onoe K, Tanaka T, Baba H, Matsumoto H. CeB6 electron gun for low-emittance injector. Physical Review Special Topics- Accelerators and Beams. 2007;10:020703.

 

  1. Döbert S, Cassany B, Chritin N, Pepitone K, Cadilhon B, Gardelle J. Design of a High Average Current Electron Source for the CLIC Drive Beam Injector. Proceedings of LINAC. Geneva, Switzerland. 2014.

 

  1. Ribton C.N. Development of an Electron Gun Design Optimisation Methodology. PhD thesis. Bronel University. London. 2017.

 

  1. Gilmour Jr.A.S. Klystrons, Traveling Wave Tubes, Magnetrons, Crossed-Field Amplifiers, and Gyrotrons. Artech House. 2011.

 

  1. Carter R.G. Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources. Cambridge University Press. 2018.

 

  1. Crowell C.R. The Richardson constant for thermionic emission in Schottky barrier diodes. Solid-State Electronics. 1965;8(4):395–399.

 

  1. Humphries S. Charged Particle Beams. John Wiley and Sons. 2002.

 

  1. Zou Y, Li H, Reiser M, O'Shea P.G. Theoretical study of transverse emittance growth in a gridded electron gun. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. 2004 21 February;519(1–2):432-441.

 

  1. https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/ products/cst-studio-suite/.

 

  1. Sanaye Sh, Shaker H, Doebert S. Beam dynamics design of the Compact Linear Collider Drive Beam injector. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. 2015 November;799(1):172-186.

 

  1. Pepitone K, Cassany B, Doebert S, Gardelle J, Garolfi L. Operation of a high-current drive beam electron gun prototype for the Compact Linear Collider. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2020;91:093302.

Keywords

High current e-Gun
Beam quality
Emittance growth
High power electron linear accelerator
  1. Yousefpour Lalami P. Simulation and optimization of thermionic electron gun with high current and quality. Iran Physics Conference. Isfahan University of Technology. 2021 [In Persian].

 

  1. https://www.hzdr.de/db/Cms?pOid=56940.

 

  1. Reiser M. Theory and Design of Charge Particle Beams. 2nd edition. Wiley-VCH. 2008.

 

  1. Wangler T.P, Crandall K.R, Mills R.S, Reiser M. Relation between Field Energy and RMS Emittance in Intense Particle Beams. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 1985;NS-32(5):2196.

 

  1. Pierce J.R. Theory and design of Electron Guns. 2nd ed. New York. Van Nostrand. 1954.

 

  1. Vaughan J.R.M. Synthesis of the Pierce gun. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 1981 January; 28(1).

 

  1. Tiwary U, Basu B.N. Noniterative method for the synthesis of convergent pierce electron guns. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 1987 May; 34(5).

 

  1. Dayyani Kelisani M, Doebert S, Aslaninejad M. Low emittance design of the electron gun and the focusing channel of the Compact Linear Collider drive beam. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams. 2017;20:043403.

 

  1. Togawa K, Shintake T, Inagaki T, Onoe K, Tanaka T, Baba H, Matsumoto H. CeB6 electron gun for low-emittance injector. Physical Review Special Topics- Accelerators and Beams. 2007;10:020703.

 

  1. Döbert S, Cassany B, Chritin N, Pepitone K, Cadilhon B, Gardelle J. Design of a High Average Current Electron Source for the CLIC Drive Beam Injector. Proceedings of LINAC. Geneva, Switzerland. 2014.

 

  1. Ribton C.N. Development of an Electron Gun Design Optimisation Methodology. PhD thesis. Bronel University. London. 2017.

 

  1. Gilmour Jr.A.S. Klystrons, Traveling Wave Tubes, Magnetrons, Crossed-Field Amplifiers, and Gyrotrons. Artech House. 2011.

 

  1. Carter R.G. Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources. Cambridge University Press. 2018.

 

  1. Crowell C.R. The Richardson constant for thermionic emission in Schottky barrier diodes. Solid-State Electronics. 1965;8(4):395–399.

 

  1. Humphries S. Charged Particle Beams. John Wiley and Sons. 2002.

 

  1. Zou Y, Li H, Reiser M, O'Shea P.G. Theoretical study of transverse emittance growth in a gridded electron gun. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. 2004 21 February;519(1–2):432-441.

 

  1. https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/ products/cst-studio-suite/.

 

  1. Sanaye Sh, Shaker H, Doebert S. Beam dynamics design of the Compact Linear Collider Drive Beam injector. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. 2015 November;799(1):172-186.

 

  1. Pepitone K, Cassany B, Doebert S, Gardelle J, Garolfi L. Operation of a high-current drive beam electron gun prototype for the Compact Linear Collider. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2020;91:093302.

Home