Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Production of African violet mutants (Saintpaulia ionantha) using gamma radiation

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

A. Sharifi 1
Z. Sargazi Moghaddam 2
M. Kharrazi 1
A. Khadem 1
M. Moradian 1

1 Horticultural Plants Biotechnology Department, Industrial Biotechnology Institute, ACECR- Mashhad Branch, P.O.BOX: 917751376, Mashhad - Iran

2 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O.BOX: 9177948974, Mashhad – Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2024.1603
Abstract
Saintpaulia ionantha is an attractive ornamental plant. To induce diversity by creating distinct genotypes of African violet in vitro Gamma rays were applied as physical and chemical mutagens. Explants were cultured in MS medium containing 2 mg L-1 BA, 1 mg L-1 NAA, 30g L-1 sucrose, and 7g L-1 agar. After two days they were treated with radiation (0, 20, and 40Gy). The dose of 40Gy reduced explant regeneration and the number of regenerated plantlets and leaves. This caused enhanced variation and morphological changes. The leaves' color, shape, and size were modified. Afterward, the genetic diversity of the mutant plants was investigated with an ISSR marker. Eight primer pairs in PCR amplified different fragments of genomic DNA. Overall, 71 bands were scored. The dendrogram of cluster analysis using the Jaccard coefficient and UPGMA algorithm showed high variability. The mutants were divided into 4 groups with a similarity of 0.51%. The genetic similarity coefficient varied between 0.45-0.98 and 6 mutants were introduced based on morphological and molecular variations. The results showed that in vitro mutagenesis of African violets by gamma radiation is a suitable strategy to increase diversity.

Highlights

  1. Manzoor A, Ahmad T, Bashir M.A, Hafiz I.A, Silvestri C. Studies on colchicine induced chromosome doubling for enhancement of quality traits in ornamental plants. Plants. 2019;8:194-197.

 

  1. Ahn C.H, Ramya M, An H.R, Park P.M, Kim Y.-J, Lee S.Y, Jang S. Progress and Challenges in the Improvement of Ornamental Plants by Genome Editing. Plants. 2020;9:687-693.

 

  1. Datta S.K, Chakrabarty D, Mandal A.K.A. Gamma ray-induced genetic manipulations in flower colour and shape in Dendranthema grandiflorum and their management through tissue culture. Plant Breeding. 2001;120:91-92.

 

  1. Matsumura A, Nomizu T, Furutani N, Hayashi K, Minamiyama Y, Hase Y. Ray florets color and shape mutants induced by 12C5+ ion beam irradiation in chrysanthemum. Scientia Horticulturae. 2010;123:558-561.

 

  1. Mandal A.K.A, Chakrabarty D, Datta S.K. Application of in vitro techniques in mutation breeding of chrysanthemum. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.2000;60:33-38.

 

  1. Xi M, Sun L, Qiu S, Liu J, Xu J, Shi J. In vitro mutagenesis and identification of mutants via ISSR in lily (Lilium longiflorum). Plant Cell Reports. 2012;31:1043-1051.

 

  1. Suwanseree V.W, Teerakathiti T, Wongchaochant S, Taychasinpitak T. Petal colour and petal form mutations observed in Torenia hybrida following gamma irradiation in vitro. Kasetsart Journal of Natural Science. 2011;45:656-665.

 

  1. Dita M.A, Rispail N, Prats E, Rubiales D, Singh K.B. Biotechnology approaches to overcome biotic and abiotic stress constraints in legumes. Euphytica. 2006;147:1-24.

 

  1. Kumar P, Gupta V.K, Misra A.K, Modi D.R, Pandey B.K. Potential of Molecular Markers in Plant Biotechnology. Plant Omics Journal. 2009;2:141-162.

 

  1. Palai S.k, Rout G.R. Characterization of new variety of Chrysanthemum by using ISSR markers. Horticultura Brasileira. 2011;29:613-617.

 

  1. Chang Q.S, Zhang L.X, Hou X.G, Wang Z, Wang N, Gong M.G, Zhang Q.M, Chen H, Shi Z.Q, Deng C.C. The anatomical, physiological, and molecular analysis of a chlorophyll-deficient mutant in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa). Photosynthetica. 2019;57:724-730.

 

  1. Lichtenthaler H.K, Buschmann C. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Measurement and characterization by UV‐VIS spectroscopy. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry, unit F4.3.1-F4.3.8. Available at. 2001.https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142913.faf0403s01.

 

  1. Oñate-Sánchez L, Vicente-Carbajosa J. DNA-free RNA isolation protocols for Arabidopsis thaliana, including seeds and siliques. BMC research notes. 2008. Available at https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-1-93.

 

  1. Farjadi-shakib M, Naderi R, Mousavi A. Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on African Violet in vitro adventitious shoots. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS). 2012;937:923-927.

 

  1. Yamaguchi H. Mutation breeding of ornamental plants using ion beams. Breeding Science. 2018;17086.

 

  1. Nazir M.B, Mohammad O, Affida A.A, Sakinah A. Research highlights on the use of induced mutations for plant improvement in Malaysia. Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT). Bangi. 1998;5:29-35.

 

  1. Wongpiyasatid A, Jompuk P, Chusreeaeom K, Taychasinpitak T. Effects of Acute gamma irradiation on adventitious plantlet formation of Saintpaulia ionantha (African violet) detached leaves. Kasetsart Journal. 2007;41:414-419.

 

  1. Zhou L.B, Li W.J, Ma S, Dong X.C, Yu L.X, Li Q, Zhou G.M, Gao Q.X. Effects of ion beam irradiation on adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro leaf explants of Saintpaulia ionantha. Nucl. Instrum. Methods. 2006;244:349-353.

 

  1. Hasbullah N.A, Taha R.M, Saleh A, Mahmad N. Irradiation effect on in vitro organogenesis, callus growth and plantlet development of Gerbera jamesonii. Horticultura Brasileira. 2012;30:252-257.

 

  1. Jala A. Morphological Change Due to Effects of Acute Gamma Ray on Wishbone Flower (Torenia fourmieri) In Vitro. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. 2011;375-363.

 

  1. Maluszynski M, Ahloowalia S, Shgurbjornsson B.J. Application of in vivo and in vitro mutation techniques for crop improvement. Euphytica. 2004;85:303-315.

 

  1. Barakat M.N, El-Sammak H. In vitro mutagenesis, plant regeneration and characterization of mutants via RAPD analysis in Baby's breath Gypsophila paniculata L. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 2011;5:214-222.

Keywords

Diversity
Mutagenesis
Tissue culture
ISSR
  1. Manzoor A, Ahmad T, Bashir M.A, Hafiz I.A, Silvestri C. Studies on colchicine induced chromosome doubling for enhancement of quality traits in ornamental plants. Plants. 2019;8:194-197.

 

  1. Ahn C.H, Ramya M, An H.R, Park P.M, Kim Y.-J, Lee S.Y, Jang S. Progress and Challenges in the Improvement of Ornamental Plants by Genome Editing. Plants. 2020;9:687-693.

 

  1. Datta S.K, Chakrabarty D, Mandal A.K.A. Gamma ray-induced genetic manipulations in flower colour and shape in Dendranthema grandiflorum and their management through tissue culture. Plant Breeding. 2001;120:91-92.

 

  1. Matsumura A, Nomizu T, Furutani N, Hayashi K, Minamiyama Y, Hase Y. Ray florets color and shape mutants induced by 12C5+ ion beam irradiation in chrysanthemum. Scientia Horticulturae. 2010;123:558-561.

 

  1. Mandal A.K.A, Chakrabarty D, Datta S.K. Application of in vitro techniques in mutation breeding of chrysanthemum. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.2000;60:33-38.

 

  1. Xi M, Sun L, Qiu S, Liu J, Xu J, Shi J. In vitro mutagenesis and identification of mutants via ISSR in lily (Lilium longiflorum). Plant Cell Reports. 2012;31:1043-1051.

 

  1. Suwanseree V.W, Teerakathiti T, Wongchaochant S, Taychasinpitak T. Petal colour and petal form mutations observed in Torenia hybrida following gamma irradiation in vitro. Kasetsart Journal of Natural Science. 2011;45:656-665.

 

  1. Dita M.A, Rispail N, Prats E, Rubiales D, Singh K.B. Biotechnology approaches to overcome biotic and abiotic stress constraints in legumes. Euphytica. 2006;147:1-24.

 

  1. Kumar P, Gupta V.K, Misra A.K, Modi D.R, Pandey B.K. Potential of Molecular Markers in Plant Biotechnology. Plant Omics Journal. 2009;2:141-162.

 

  1. Palai S.k, Rout G.R. Characterization of new variety of Chrysanthemum by using ISSR markers. Horticultura Brasileira. 2011;29:613-617.

 

  1. Chang Q.S, Zhang L.X, Hou X.G, Wang Z, Wang N, Gong M.G, Zhang Q.M, Chen H, Shi Z.Q, Deng C.C. The anatomical, physiological, and molecular analysis of a chlorophyll-deficient mutant in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa). Photosynthetica. 2019;57:724-730.

 

  1. Lichtenthaler H.K, Buschmann C. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Measurement and characterization by UV‐VIS spectroscopy. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry, unit F4.3.1-F4.3.8. Available at. 2001.https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142913.faf0403s01.

 

  1. Oñate-Sánchez L, Vicente-Carbajosa J. DNA-free RNA isolation protocols for Arabidopsis thaliana, including seeds and siliques. BMC research notes. 2008. Available at https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-1-93.

 

  1. Farjadi-shakib M, Naderi R, Mousavi A. Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on African Violet in vitro adventitious shoots. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS). 2012;937:923-927.

 

  1. Yamaguchi H. Mutation breeding of ornamental plants using ion beams. Breeding Science. 2018;17086.

 

  1. Nazir M.B, Mohammad O, Affida A.A, Sakinah A. Research highlights on the use of induced mutations for plant improvement in Malaysia. Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT). Bangi. 1998;5:29-35.

 

  1. Wongpiyasatid A, Jompuk P, Chusreeaeom K, Taychasinpitak T. Effects of Acute gamma irradiation on adventitious plantlet formation of Saintpaulia ionantha (African violet) detached leaves. Kasetsart Journal. 2007;41:414-419.

 

  1. Zhou L.B, Li W.J, Ma S, Dong X.C, Yu L.X, Li Q, Zhou G.M, Gao Q.X. Effects of ion beam irradiation on adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro leaf explants of Saintpaulia ionantha. Nucl. Instrum. Methods. 2006;244:349-353.

 

  1. Hasbullah N.A, Taha R.M, Saleh A, Mahmad N. Irradiation effect on in vitro organogenesis, callus growth and plantlet development of Gerbera jamesonii. Horticultura Brasileira. 2012;30:252-257.

 

  1. Jala A. Morphological Change Due to Effects of Acute Gamma Ray on Wishbone Flower (Torenia fourmieri) In Vitro. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. 2011;375-363.

 

  1. Maluszynski M, Ahloowalia S, Shgurbjornsson B.J. Application of in vivo and in vitro mutation techniques for crop improvement. Euphytica. 2004;85:303-315.

 

  1. Barakat M.N, El-Sammak H. In vitro mutagenesis, plant regeneration and characterization of mutants via RAPD analysis in Baby's breath Gypsophila paniculata L. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 2011;5:214-222.

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