Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Coating and characterization of Iodine-125 absorbent layer on the ferromagnetic core used in the Thermo-Brachytherapy system

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

E. Mohagheghpour 1
Sh. Sheibani 1
L. Farzin 1
R. Saber 2

1 Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 11365-8486, Tehran – Iran

2 Science and Technology Research Center in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: , Tehran - Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2024.1584.2025
Abstract
A Ni-Cu (70.4-29.6 wt%) ferromagnetic alloy coated with an absorber layer of iodine-125 was used as the core in the Thermo-Brachytherapy (TB) system. The absorber layer, which was 100 μm thick and had a microcrystalline graphite structure, consisted of silver-doped activated carbon and polystyrene in a 70:30 weight ratio. Activated carbon is a preferred adsorbent for iodine capture due to its porous nature. Silver doping in the carbon enhances the trapping of iodine-125 through chemical adsorption. Polystyrene, acting as a binder in the absorptive layer's structure, facilitates the physical absorption of iodine on the surface of the silver-doped activated carbon-coated core. Results showed that the extraction efficiency of iodine-125 (as sodium iodide solution) with an average activity of 5 mCi on the nickel-copper core/polystyrene/silver-doped activated carbon was 20.31% after 2 hours. Coating the nickel-copper ferromagnetic core with gold or silver before depositing the silver-doped activated carbon increased the extraction efficiency to 32.77% and 60.23% after 2 hours, respectively. These findings highlight the significant impact of silver or gold coating on enhancing extraction efficiency. Moreover, a multi-step extraction process was employed in this research, where extraction steps were repeated to increase the recovery of iodine-125.

Highlights

  1. Meigooni A.S, Yoe-Sein M.M, Al-Otoom A.Y, Sowards K.T. Determination of the dosimetric characteristics of InterSource125 iodine brachytherapy source. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2002;56(4):589-99.

 

  1. Parsai E, Gautam B, Shvydka D. Evaluation of a novel thermobrachytherapy seed for concurrent administration of brachytherapy and magnetically mediated hyperthermia in treatment of solid tumors. Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering. 2011;1(1).

 

  1. Warrell G, Shvydka D, Parsai E.I. Use of novel thermobrachytherapy seeds for realistic prostate seed implant treatments. Medical physics. 2016;43(11):6033-48.

 

  1. Shvydka D, Gautam B, Parsai E, Feldmeier J.J.M.P. SU‐FF‐T‐39: Investigating thermal properties of a thermobrachytherapy radioactive seed for concurrent brachytherapy and hyperthermia treatments: design considerations. Medical Physics. 2009;36(6Part9):2528.

 

  1. Kuznetsov A.A, Shlyakhtin O.A, Brusentsov N.A, Kuznetsov O.A. Smart mediators for self-controlled inductive heating. Eur. Cells Mater. 2002;3(2):75-77.

 

  1. Sapozink M.D, Palos B, Goffinet D.R, Hahn G.M. Combined continuous ultra low dose rate irradiation and radiofrequency hyperthermia in the C3H mouse. International Journal of Radiation. 1983;9(9):1357-65.

 

  1. Mieler W.F, Jaffe G.J, Steeves R.A. Ferromagnetic hyperthermia and iodine 125 brachytherapy in the treatment of choroidal melanoma in a rabbit model. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1989;107(10):1524-8.

 

  1. Steeves R, Murray T, Moros E, Boldt H, Mieler W, Paliwal B. Concurrent ferromagnetic hyperthermia and 125I brachytherapy in a rabbit choroidal melanoma model. International journal of hyperthermia. 1992;8(4):443-9.

 

  1. Niedbala M, McNamee J.P, Raaphorst G.P. Response to pulsed dose rate and low dose rate irradiation with and without mild hyperthermia using human breast carcinoma cell lines. International journal of hyperthermia. 2006;22(1):61-75.

 

  1. Chicheł A, Skowronek J, Kanikowski M. Thermal boost combined with interstitial brachytherapy in breast conserving therapy–Assessment of early toxicity. Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy. 2011;16(3):87-94.

 

  1. Moradi S, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Ghassemi F, Sheibani S, Asadi Amoli F. Increasing the efficiency of the retinoblastoma brachytherapy protocol with ultrasonic hyperthermia and gold nanoparticles: a rabbit model. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 2020;96(12):1614-27.

 

  1. Gautam B, Parsai E.I, Shvydka D, Feldmeier J, Subramanian M. Dosimetric and thermal properties of a newly developed thermobrachytherapy seed with ferromagnetic core for treatment of solid tumors. Medical physics. 2012;39(4):1980-90.

 

  1. Stathakis S. The physics of radiation therapy. Medical Physics. 2010;37(3):1374-5.

 

  1. Solimanian A, Alipoor A, Ghafoori M. Standard Calibration of 137Cs Sources Used in Brachytherapy. Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology. 2005;25(2):53-56 [In Persian].

 

  1. Liu B-L, Cheng J-X, Zhang X, Zhang W. Controversies concerning the application of brachytherapy in central nervous system tumors. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology. 2010;136:173-85.

 

  1. Vahabi S.M, Shamsaie Zafarghandi M. Dose estimation of prostate and near organs during brachytherapy and the effect of scattering on it using MCNP4C. Journal of Radiation Safety and Measurement. 2015;4(4):1-8 [In Persian].

 

  1. Suthanthiran K, Lakshman R. Pellet for a radioactive seed. Google Patents. 1992.

 

  1. Biganeh A, Kakuee O, Akbari Z, Azizi M, Elahi M, Sheibani S, Vosoughi Y. Absolute Activity Measurement of 125I Seed Brachytherapy by Two-dimensional Photon-photon Coincidence Spectroscopy. Journal of Nuclear Research and Applications. 2024;4(2):34-44.

 

  1. Gautam B.R. Study of dosimetric and thermal properties of a newly developed thermo-brachytherapy seed for treatment of solid tumors. The University of Toledo. 2013.

 

  1. Farzin L, Sadjadi S, Sheini A, Mohagheghpour E. A nanoscale genosensor for early detection of COVID-19 by voltammetric determination of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) sequence of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Microchimica Acta. 2021;188:1-12.

 

  1. Mohagheghpour E, Rajabi M, Gholamipour R, Larijani M, Sheibani S. Correlation study of structural, optical and electrical properties of amorphous carbon thin films prepared by ion beam sputtering deposition technique. Applied Surface Science. 2016;360:52-8.

 

  1. Mohagheghpour E, Larijani M, Rajabi M, Gholamipour R. Effect of Silver Clusters Deposition on Wettability and Optical Properties of Diamond-like Carbon Films. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions C: Aspects. 2021;34(3):706-13.

 

  1. Mohagheghpour E, Rajabi M, Gholamipour R, Larijani M.M, Sheibani S. Ion beam energy dependence of surface and structural properties of amorphous carbon films deposited by IBSD method on Ni–Cu alloy. Journal of Materials Research. 2017;32(7):1258-66.

 

  1. Mohagheghpour E, Gholamipour R, Rajabi M, Sheibani S, Mojtahedzadeh Larijani M. Effect of thermal treatment on structure and Curie temperature of Ni-Cu (70.4-29.6; W/W) ferromagnetic alloy. Metallurgical Engineering. 2018;21(2):88-94.

 

  1. Shaghaghi B, Shirvani-Arani S, Dehghan I, Miremad S.M, Motmaen Esfahani Sh, Tabasi M, Bahrami-Samani A, Ghannadi Maragheh M. Synthesis of iodine-sorbent with applicability in decontamination of the gaseous phase of the dissolution stage of Fission-Molly production. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. 2023;44(3):78-85 [In Persian].

 

  1. Sowards K.T, Meigooni A.S. A Monte Carlo evaluation of the dosimetric characteristics of the EchoSeed™ Model 6733 125I brachytherapy source. Brachytherapy. 2002;1(4):227-32.

 

  1. Mohagheghpour E, Gholamipour R, Rajabi M, Mojtahedzadeh Larijani M. Study of Structural Evolution of Amorphous Carbon Films on Ni-Cu Alloy and its Correlation With Deposition Temperature and Ion Beam Energy. Journal of a Advanced Materials in Engineering. 2021;40(3):29-42.

Keywords

Multistage extraction
Ni-Cu ferromagnetic core
Thermo-brachytherapy
  1. Meigooni A.S, Yoe-Sein M.M, Al-Otoom A.Y, Sowards K.T. Determination of the dosimetric characteristics of InterSource125 iodine brachytherapy source. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2002;56(4):589-99.

 

  1. Parsai E, Gautam B, Shvydka D. Evaluation of a novel thermobrachytherapy seed for concurrent administration of brachytherapy and magnetically mediated hyperthermia in treatment of solid tumors. Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering. 2011;1(1).

 

  1. Warrell G, Shvydka D, Parsai E.I. Use of novel thermobrachytherapy seeds for realistic prostate seed implant treatments. Medical physics. 2016;43(11):6033-48.

 

  1. Shvydka D, Gautam B, Parsai E, Feldmeier J.J.M.P. SU‐FF‐T‐39: Investigating thermal properties of a thermobrachytherapy radioactive seed for concurrent brachytherapy and hyperthermia treatments: design considerations. Medical Physics. 2009;36(6Part9):2528.

 

  1. Kuznetsov A.A, Shlyakhtin O.A, Brusentsov N.A, Kuznetsov O.A. Smart mediators for self-controlled inductive heating. Eur. Cells Mater. 2002;3(2):75-77.

 

  1. Sapozink M.D, Palos B, Goffinet D.R, Hahn G.M. Combined continuous ultra low dose rate irradiation and radiofrequency hyperthermia in the C3H mouse. International Journal of Radiation. 1983;9(9):1357-65.

 

  1. Mieler W.F, Jaffe G.J, Steeves R.A. Ferromagnetic hyperthermia and iodine 125 brachytherapy in the treatment of choroidal melanoma in a rabbit model. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1989;107(10):1524-8.

 

  1. Steeves R, Murray T, Moros E, Boldt H, Mieler W, Paliwal B. Concurrent ferromagnetic hyperthermia and 125I brachytherapy in a rabbit choroidal melanoma model. International journal of hyperthermia. 1992;8(4):443-9.

 

  1. Niedbala M, McNamee J.P, Raaphorst G.P. Response to pulsed dose rate and low dose rate irradiation with and without mild hyperthermia using human breast carcinoma cell lines. International journal of hyperthermia. 2006;22(1):61-75.

 

  1. Chicheł A, Skowronek J, Kanikowski M. Thermal boost combined with interstitial brachytherapy in breast conserving therapy–Assessment of early toxicity. Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy. 2011;16(3):87-94.

 

  1. Moradi S, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Ghassemi F, Sheibani S, Asadi Amoli F. Increasing the efficiency of the retinoblastoma brachytherapy protocol with ultrasonic hyperthermia and gold nanoparticles: a rabbit model. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 2020;96(12):1614-27.

 

  1. Gautam B, Parsai E.I, Shvydka D, Feldmeier J, Subramanian M. Dosimetric and thermal properties of a newly developed thermobrachytherapy seed with ferromagnetic core for treatment of solid tumors. Medical physics. 2012;39(4):1980-90.

 

  1. Stathakis S. The physics of radiation therapy. Medical Physics. 2010;37(3):1374-5.

 

  1. Solimanian A, Alipoor A, Ghafoori M. Standard Calibration of 137Cs Sources Used in Brachytherapy. Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology. 2005;25(2):53-56 [In Persian].

 

  1. Liu B-L, Cheng J-X, Zhang X, Zhang W. Controversies concerning the application of brachytherapy in central nervous system tumors. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology. 2010;136:173-85.

 

  1. Vahabi S.M, Shamsaie Zafarghandi M. Dose estimation of prostate and near organs during brachytherapy and the effect of scattering on it using MCNP4C. Journal of Radiation Safety and Measurement. 2015;4(4):1-8 [In Persian].

 

  1. Suthanthiran K, Lakshman R. Pellet for a radioactive seed. Google Patents. 1992.

 

  1. Biganeh A, Kakuee O, Akbari Z, Azizi M, Elahi M, Sheibani S, Vosoughi Y. Absolute Activity Measurement of 125I Seed Brachytherapy by Two-dimensional Photon-photon Coincidence Spectroscopy. Journal of Nuclear Research and Applications. 2024;4(2):34-44.

 

  1. Gautam B.R. Study of dosimetric and thermal properties of a newly developed thermo-brachytherapy seed for treatment of solid tumors. The University of Toledo. 2013.

 

  1. Farzin L, Sadjadi S, Sheini A, Mohagheghpour E. A nanoscale genosensor for early detection of COVID-19 by voltammetric determination of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) sequence of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Microchimica Acta. 2021;188:1-12.

 

  1. Mohagheghpour E, Rajabi M, Gholamipour R, Larijani M, Sheibani S. Correlation study of structural, optical and electrical properties of amorphous carbon thin films prepared by ion beam sputtering deposition technique. Applied Surface Science. 2016;360:52-8.

 

  1. Mohagheghpour E, Larijani M, Rajabi M, Gholamipour R. Effect of Silver Clusters Deposition on Wettability and Optical Properties of Diamond-like Carbon Films. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions C: Aspects. 2021;34(3):706-13.

 

  1. Mohagheghpour E, Rajabi M, Gholamipour R, Larijani M.M, Sheibani S. Ion beam energy dependence of surface and structural properties of amorphous carbon films deposited by IBSD method on Ni–Cu alloy. Journal of Materials Research. 2017;32(7):1258-66.

 

  1. Mohagheghpour E, Gholamipour R, Rajabi M, Sheibani S, Mojtahedzadeh Larijani M. Effect of thermal treatment on structure and Curie temperature of Ni-Cu (70.4-29.6; W/W) ferromagnetic alloy. Metallurgical Engineering. 2018;21(2):88-94.

 

  1. Shaghaghi B, Shirvani-Arani S, Dehghan I, Miremad S.M, Motmaen Esfahani Sh, Tabasi M, Bahrami-Samani A, Ghannadi Maragheh M. Synthesis of iodine-sorbent with applicability in decontamination of the gaseous phase of the dissolution stage of Fission-Molly production. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. 2023;44(3):78-85 [In Persian].

 

  1. Sowards K.T, Meigooni A.S. A Monte Carlo evaluation of the dosimetric characteristics of the EchoSeed™ Model 6733 125I brachytherapy source. Brachytherapy. 2002;1(4):227-32.

 

  1. Mohagheghpour E, Gholamipour R, Rajabi M, Mojtahedzadeh Larijani M. Study of Structural Evolution of Amorphous Carbon Films on Ni-Cu Alloy and its Correlation With Deposition Temperature and Ion Beam Energy. Journal of a Advanced Materials in Engineering. 2021;40(3):29-42.

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