Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Optimization of molecular pump by meta-heuristic algorithms: modified Sickafus method

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

M. Khajenoori 1
S. Yousefi-Nasab 2
S.J. Safdari 2
S. Basiri 3

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Postal Code: 8731753153, Kashan – Iran

2 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 11365-8486, Tehran - Iran

3 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Postal Code: 8415683111, Isfahan - Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2024.1604.2038
Abstract
It is important to maintain the vacuum in the space between the rotor and the body of a gas centrifuge machine during the gasification and enrichment process. For this reason, a molecular pump is connected to the upper part of the body. The pump has grooved that particles collide with as they move. Depending on the direction of the grooves, the particles are deflected and return to the rotor. One method of analyzing the gas flow inside the molecular pump is by solving the flow equations using the Sickafus method and his colleagues. This method is useful because it reduces calculation time. In this article, four meta-heuristic algorithms were used to determine the optimal geometric and operational parameters of the molecular pump. The results indicate that among the meta-heuristic algorithms, optimization with the humpback whale algorithm (WOA) produces the highest compression ratio for the molecular pump. The average absolute deviation value of the logarithm of the pressure density ratio, when compared to values predicted by the upgraded Sickafus method with optimal parameters, shows a very good agreement between the experimental method and the upgraded Sickafus method using the meta-heuristic WOA algorithm.

Highlights

  1. Yousefi-Nasab S, Safdari J, Karimi-Sabet J, Khajenoori M. Prediction of the compression ratio of a Holweck-type molecular pump with the presence of multi-component gases using a modified Sickafus method for high-speed rotors. Vacuum. 2020;172: 109056.

 

  1. Holweck F. Pompe Moleculaire Helicoidale. C. R. Acad. Sci. 1923;43:177.

 

  1. Gaede W. Die molekularluflpumpe. Annalen der Physik. 1913;346(7):337-380.

 

  1. Sawada T. Rarefied gas flow in a rectangular groove facing a moving wall. Sci. Papers. 1976;70(4):79-86.

 

  1. Sawada T, Taniguchi O. The Axial Flow Molecular Pump. Bull. JSME. 1973;16(92):312–318.

 

  1. Sugiyama W, Sawada T. Pumping mechanism of helical grooved molecular drag pumps. Journal of vacuum science & technology. 1999;17(4):2069-2074.

 

  1. Skovorodko P.A. Free molecular flow in the Holweck pump. In AIP Conference Proceedings. 2001;585.

 

  1. Sickafus E.N, Nelson R.B, Lowry R.A. The holweck type molecular pump. university of virginia. Report no. EP-4422-178-61U. 1961.

 

  1. Bird G. Molecular gas dynamics and the direct simulation of gas flows. Oxford University Press. New York, Oxford University Press. 1994.

 

  1. Khajenoori M, Safdari J, Haghighi Asl A, Norouzi A. Modeling gas-granular flow in molecular using the DSMC method and continuum regions by Onsager’s pancake equation with mass sources and sinks in a rotating cylinder. Granular Matter. 2019;21:1-15.

 

  1. Khajenoori M, Haghighi Asl A, Safdari J, Norouzi A. Modeling and simulating of feed flow in a gas centrifuge using the Monte Carlo method to calculate the maximum separation power. Journal of Molecular Modeling. 2019;25:1-12.

 

  1. Khajenoori M, Haghighi Asl A, Safdari J, Norouzi A. Investigation of hydrodynamic parameters inside a gas centrifuge rotor in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and air light gases using DSMC and Boltzmann distribution function. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. 2021;94:118-127.

 

  1. Khajenoori M, Safdari J, Haghighi Asl A, Norouzi A. Modeling and simulation of the gas behavior in a gas centrifuge rotor in the presence of hydrogen fluoride light gas by DSMC and Onsager-pancake. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. 2022;98:44-53.

 

  1. Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt C.D, Vecchi M.P. Optimization by simulated annealing. Science. 1989;220:671–680.

 

  1. Aarts E, Korst J.H.M. Simulated annealing and Boltzmann machines. Wiley. New York. 1989.

 

  1. Mirjalili S.A, Mirjalili S.M, Lewis A. Grey Wolf Optimizer. Advances in Engineering Software. 2014;69:46-61.

 

  1. Mehrabian A.R, Caro L. A novel numerical optimization algorithm inspired from weed colonization. Ecol. Inform. 2006;1:355–366.

 

  1. Khajenoori M, Safdari J, Yousefi-Nasab S, Mallah M.H, Karimi-Sabet J, Askari M.H. Optimization of a conical cascade using invasive weed optimization (IWO) algorithm for multi-component systems: Investigation of the effect of feed flow on the separation factor of centrifuge machines in the cascade by DSMC method. Annals of Nuclear Energy. 2021;162:108497.

 

  1. Mirjalili S.A, Lewis A. The Whale Optimization Algorithm. Advances in Engineering Software. 2016;95:51-67.

 

  1. Ghoreishi S.M, Gholami Shahrestani R. Subcritical water extraction of mannitol from olive leaves. Journal of Food Engineering. 2009;93(4):474-481.

Keywords

Meta-heuristic algorithm
Molecular pump
Sickafus method
Compression ratio
  1. Yousefi-Nasab S, Safdari J, Karimi-Sabet J, Khajenoori M. Prediction of the compression ratio of a Holweck-type molecular pump with the presence of multi-component gases using a modified Sickafus method for high-speed rotors. Vacuum. 2020;172: 109056.

 

  1. Holweck F. Pompe Moleculaire Helicoidale. C. R. Acad. Sci. 1923;43:177.

 

  1. Gaede W. Die molekularluflpumpe. Annalen der Physik. 1913;346(7):337-380.

 

  1. Sawada T. Rarefied gas flow in a rectangular groove facing a moving wall. Sci. Papers. 1976;70(4):79-86.

 

  1. Sawada T, Taniguchi O. The Axial Flow Molecular Pump. Bull. JSME. 1973;16(92):312–318.

 

  1. Sugiyama W, Sawada T. Pumping mechanism of helical grooved molecular drag pumps. Journal of vacuum science & technology. 1999;17(4):2069-2074.

 

  1. Skovorodko P.A. Free molecular flow in the Holweck pump. In AIP Conference Proceedings. 2001;585.

 

  1. Sickafus E.N, Nelson R.B, Lowry R.A. The holweck type molecular pump. university of virginia. Report no. EP-4422-178-61U. 1961.

 

  1. Bird G. Molecular gas dynamics and the direct simulation of gas flows. Oxford University Press. New York, Oxford University Press. 1994.

 

  1. Khajenoori M, Safdari J, Haghighi Asl A, Norouzi A. Modeling gas-granular flow in molecular using the DSMC method and continuum regions by Onsager’s pancake equation with mass sources and sinks in a rotating cylinder. Granular Matter. 2019;21:1-15.

 

  1. Khajenoori M, Haghighi Asl A, Safdari J, Norouzi A. Modeling and simulating of feed flow in a gas centrifuge using the Monte Carlo method to calculate the maximum separation power. Journal of Molecular Modeling. 2019;25:1-12.

 

  1. Khajenoori M, Haghighi Asl A, Safdari J, Norouzi A. Investigation of hydrodynamic parameters inside a gas centrifuge rotor in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and air light gases using DSMC and Boltzmann distribution function. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. 2021;94:118-127.

 

  1. Khajenoori M, Safdari J, Haghighi Asl A, Norouzi A. Modeling and simulation of the gas behavior in a gas centrifuge rotor in the presence of hydrogen fluoride light gas by DSMC and Onsager-pancake. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. 2022;98:44-53.

 

  1. Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt C.D, Vecchi M.P. Optimization by simulated annealing. Science. 1989;220:671–680.

 

  1. Aarts E, Korst J.H.M. Simulated annealing and Boltzmann machines. Wiley. New York. 1989.

 

  1. Mirjalili S.A, Mirjalili S.M, Lewis A. Grey Wolf Optimizer. Advances in Engineering Software. 2014;69:46-61.

 

  1. Mehrabian A.R, Caro L. A novel numerical optimization algorithm inspired from weed colonization. Ecol. Inform. 2006;1:355–366.

 

  1. Khajenoori M, Safdari J, Yousefi-Nasab S, Mallah M.H, Karimi-Sabet J, Askari M.H. Optimization of a conical cascade using invasive weed optimization (IWO) algorithm for multi-component systems: Investigation of the effect of feed flow on the separation factor of centrifuge machines in the cascade by DSMC method. Annals of Nuclear Energy. 2021;162:108497.

 

  1. Mirjalili S.A, Lewis A. The Whale Optimization Algorithm. Advances in Engineering Software. 2016;95:51-67.

 

  1. Ghoreishi S.M, Gholami Shahrestani R. Subcritical water extraction of mannitol from olive leaves. Journal of Food Engineering. 2009;93(4):474-481.

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