Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Beam Dynamic Study of a Designed Accelerating Cavity for 6 MeV Linac

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

S Zarei
M Lamehi Rachti
F Ghasemi
F Abbasi Davani
Abstract
Side coupled standing wave accelerating cavities are widely used in a low energy linear accelerator because of relatively high accelerating gradient and low sensitivity to construction tolerances. The effective interaction of particles and electromagnetic fields is important to accelerate electrons to the intended energy with the greatest efficiency and beam quality output. Beam dynamics study is essential for determining the coordinates of the output beam from the cavity. In this paper, we present the beam dynamics of a 6 MeV accelerating cavity using a space charge tracking algorithm (ASTRA). The designed accelerating cavity that feeds by magnetron with a maximum power of 3.2 MW is operating in π/2 mode at a frequency of 2856 MHz. The results show that after the construction of the designed cavity, the vertical and horizontal emittances of the output beam, the transverse profile and the beam energy spread respectively 3.55 pi-mm-mrad, 1 mm and 0.88 MeV as expected.

Highlights

[1] F. Ghasemi, Design and Construction of Electron Linear Accelerator TW-tube and Measurement of its Parameters, PhD. Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University (2015).

 

[2] C.J. Karzmark, Craig S. Nunan, Eiji Tanabe, Medical Electron Accelerator, Mcgraw-hill inc. (1993) 5-6.

 

[3] Chuanxiang Tang, Huaibi Chen, Yaohong Liu, Electron Linacs for Cargo Inspection and Other Industrial Applications, IAEA, Austria (2009).

 

[4] R. Wegner, F. Gerigk, A Comparison of π/2-mode Standing Wave Structures for Linac 4, CERN Note (2006).

 

[5] Poisson Superfish, http://laacg.lanl.gov/ laacg/ services/download_sf.phtml.

 

[6] CST - Computer Simulation Technology, (2017) https://www.cst.com.

 

[7] COMSOL, (2017) https://www.comsol.com.

 

[8] High Frequency Electromagnetic Field Simulation, https://www.hfss.com.

 

[9] LAACG, Parmela, (2017) http://laacg.lanl.gov/ laacg/services/serv_codes.phtml.

 

[10] K. Floettmann, Astra, (1997) http://www.desy. de/mpyflo/.

 

[11] J.P. Carneiro, N. Barov, H. Edwards, M. Fitch, W. Hartungx,Transverse and Longitudinal Beam Dynamics Studies at the Fermilab Photoinjector,Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams. 8 (2005) 040101-1-7.

 

[12] R. Dash, J. Mondal, A. Sharma, K.C. Mittala,Beam Dynamics Studies and Parametric Characterization of a Standing Wave Electron Linac, Jinst. 8 (2013).

 

[13] Yasser Nour, Tamer Abuelfadl, PTCC: New Beam Dynamics Design Code for Linear Accelerators, IPAC2013, China (2013).

 

[14] Jean-Paul Carneiro, Benchmarking of Simulation Codes Track and ASTRA for the FNAL High-Intensity Proton Source, LINAC2006, Tennessee USA, (2006).

 

[15] J.F. Schmerge, P.R. Bolton, J.E. Clendenin, F.J. Decker, D.H. Dowell, S.M. Gierman, C.G. Limborg, B.F. Murphy, Transverse-emittance Measurements on an S-band Photocathode RF Electron Gun, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 483 (2002) 301–304.

 

[16] R.J. England, J.B. Rosenzweig, G. Travish, Generation and Measurement of Relativistic Electron Bunches Characterized by a Linearly Ramped Current Profile, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2008) 214802.

 

[17] S. Zarei, F. Abbasi Davani, M. Lamehi Rachti, F. Ghasemi, S. Ahmadian Namini, Design of Cavities of a Standing Wave Accelerating Tube for a 6 MeV Electron Linear Accelerator, IRANPAC2016, Tehran (2016) (In Persian).

 

[18] MATLAB, http://www.mathworks.com.

 

[19] Teledyne e2v, Magnetrons, (2017) https:// www.e2v.com/products/rf-power/magnetrons/.

[20] K. Flottmann, S.M. Lidia, P. Piot, Recent Improvements to the ASTRA Particle Tracking Code, IPAC2003, Oregon U.S.A. (2003).

 

[21] Thomas P. Wangler, RF Linear Accelerators, Second Edition, WIELY-VCH&Co. kGaA, (2008).

 

[22] Klus wille, The Physics of Particle Accelerators; An Introduction, oxford university press, (2000).

 

[23] J. Bigolas, S. Getka, A. Kucharczyk, S. Kulinski, W. Maciszewski, M. Pachan, E. Plawski, Variable Energy (6-15) MeV Electron Linac for Medical Applications, IAEA, 34 (2003) 366-236.

 

[24] J.S. Aubin, Three Dimensional Simulation and Magnetic Decoupling of the Linac in a Linac-MR System, PhD. Thesis, University of Alberta, (2010).

 

[25] R. Dash, Beam Dynamics Studies of a 10 MeV Standing Wave Electron Linac, IEEE Electrical Insulation. 30 (2014) 609-612.

Keywords

Beam Dynamics
Standing-Wave Accelerating Cavity
ASTRA
Electromagnetic Field and Electron Interaction
[1] F. Ghasemi, Design and Construction of Electron Linear Accelerator TW-tube and Measurement of its Parameters, PhD. Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University (2015).
 
[2] C.J. Karzmark, Craig S. Nunan, Eiji Tanabe, Medical Electron Accelerator, Mcgraw-hill inc. (1993) 5-6.
 
[3] Chuanxiang Tang, Huaibi Chen, Yaohong Liu, Electron Linacs for Cargo Inspection and Other Industrial Applications, IAEA, Austria (2009).
 
[4] R. Wegner, F. Gerigk, A Comparison of π/2-mode Standing Wave Structures for Linac 4, CERN Note (2006).
 
[5] Poisson Superfish, http://laacg.lanl.gov/ laacg/ services/download_sf.phtml.
 
[6] CST - Computer Simulation Technology, (2017) https://www.cst.com.
 
[7] COMSOL, (2017) https://www.comsol.com.
 
[8] High Frequency Electromagnetic Field Simulation, https://www.hfss.com.
 
[9] LAACG, Parmela, (2017) http://laacg.lanl.gov/ laacg/services/serv_codes.phtml.
 
[10] K. Floettmann, Astra, (1997) http://www.desy. de/mpyflo/.
 
[11] J.P. Carneiro, N. Barov, H. Edwards, M. Fitch, W. Hartungx,Transverse and Longitudinal Beam Dynamics Studies at the Fermilab Photoinjector,Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams. 8 (2005) 040101-1-7.
 
[12] R. Dash, J. Mondal, A. Sharma, K.C. Mittala,Beam Dynamics Studies and Parametric Characterization of a Standing Wave Electron Linac, Jinst. 8 (2013).
 
[13] Yasser Nour, Tamer Abuelfadl, PTCC: New Beam Dynamics Design Code for Linear Accelerators, IPAC2013, China (2013).
 
[14] Jean-Paul Carneiro, Benchmarking of Simulation Codes Track and ASTRA for the FNAL High-Intensity Proton Source, LINAC2006, Tennessee USA, (2006).
 
[15] J.F. Schmerge, P.R. Bolton, J.E. Clendenin, F.J. Decker, D.H. Dowell, S.M. Gierman, C.G. Limborg, B.F. Murphy, Transverse-emittance Measurements on an S-band Photocathode RF Electron Gun, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 483 (2002) 301–304.
 
[16] R.J. England, J.B. Rosenzweig, G. Travish, Generation and Measurement of Relativistic Electron Bunches Characterized by a Linearly Ramped Current Profile, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2008) 214802.
 
[17] S. Zarei, F. Abbasi Davani, M. Lamehi Rachti, F. Ghasemi, S. Ahmadian Namini, Design of Cavities of a Standing Wave Accelerating Tube for a 6 MeV Electron Linear Accelerator, IRANPAC2016, Tehran (2016) (In Persian).
 
[18] MATLAB, http://www.mathworks.com.
 
[19] Teledyne e2v, Magnetrons, (2017) https:// www.e2v.com/products/rf-power/magnetrons/.
[20] K. Flottmann, S.M. Lidia, P. Piot, Recent Improvements to the ASTRA Particle Tracking Code, IPAC2003, Oregon U.S.A. (2003).
 
[21] Thomas P. Wangler, RF Linear Accelerators, Second Edition, WIELY-VCH&Co. kGaA, (2008).
 
[22] Klus wille, The Physics of Particle Accelerators; An Introduction, oxford university press, (2000).
 
[23] J. Bigolas, S. Getka, A. Kucharczyk, S. Kulinski, W. Maciszewski, M. Pachan, E. Plawski, Variable Energy (6-15) MeV Electron Linac for Medical Applications, IAEA, 34 (2003) 366-236.
 
[24] J.S. Aubin, Three Dimensional Simulation and Magnetic Decoupling of the Linac in a Linac-MR System, PhD. Thesis, University of Alberta, (2010).
 
[25] R. Dash, Beam Dynamics Studies of a 10 MeV Standing Wave Electron Linac, IEEE Electrical Insulation. 30 (2014) 609-612.

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