Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Study and Statistical Analysis of Geochemical Relations Active Elements in Sedimentary Phosphate Layers of Kuh-e- Lar Zagros-Anticline

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

FARID BOLOURCHIFARD 1
BEHZAD MEHRABI 2
Ayyub Memar
FARAJOLLAH FAYAZI

1 Faculty Member

2 Faculty Member- Kharazmi University

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2018.224
Abstract
 In this research, the layers of the sedimentary environment of the Pabdeh formation, which have different variation amounts of phosphate minerals (Apatite), were studied. The XRF and XRD analyses were performed for determination of the minerals and the radioactive elements, REEs and compounds for 54 selected samples (with high amounts of P2O5). According to the importance of the geochemical elements relations and their interpretation, the statistical analysis methods cluster analysisand principal component analysis, (PCA) were used. According to the results of the component correlation matrix, after rotation through the direct oblimin method, and normalizing with Kaiser method, the amounts of components and the ratio between them are well illustrated and the XRF results were divided into two principal components.

Highlights

[1] A.E. Adams, W.S. Mackenzie, C. Guilford, Atlas of sedimentary rocks under the microscope, Staining a thin section of Limestone (Adapted; Dickson, 1965), Apendix 2, (1984) 99.

 [2] F. Bolourchifard, A. Memar, The Study of  Phosphate Rock Forming Minerals (Francolite) of Iran through the EDX-SEM to Assessment of Compositions in Nano-scale, Elsevier- Science Direct Procedia Materials Science, 11 (2015) 108-113.

 [3] I. Jarvis, W.C. Burnett, Y. Nathan, F.S.M. Almbaydin, A.K.M. Attia, L.N. Castro, R. Flicoteaux, M.E. Hilmy, V. Husain, A.A. Qutawnah, A. Serjani, Y.N. Zanin, Phosphorite geochemistry—State-of-the-art and environ-mental concerns, Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae (Journal of the Swiss Geological Society) 87 (1994) 643-700.

 [4] H. Schlasinger William, H.D. Holland, K.K. Turekian, Biogeochemistry: Treatise on Geo-chemistry, The Global Phosphorus Cycle, (Ruttenberg, K.C. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA), Vol. 8, Chap., 8, 13 (2004) 603.

 [5] J. Asfahani, M. Aissa, R. Al-Hent, Uranium migration in a sedimentological phosphatic environment in northern Palmyrides, Al-Awabed area, Syria, Journal of Applied radiation and isotopes, 65 (2007) 1078–1086.

 [6] A. Asma, Aba-Hussain, S. Khaldoun, Al-Bassam, T. Yehya, Al-Rawi, Rare earth elements geochemistry of some paleocene carbonate fluorapatites in Iraq, Iraqi Bulletin of Geology & Mining, 6, 1 (2010) 81-94.

 [7] Koch, S. George, J.R. Link, F. Richard, Statistical Analysis of Geological Data, Jone Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-49690-1, Vol. 1 (1970) 265.

 [8] G. Dehghani, J. Makris, The gravity field and crustal structure of Iran, N. Jb. Geol. Palaeont. Abh 168 (1984) 215-229.

 [9] J. Makris, C. Stobbe, Physical properties and state of the crust and upper mantle of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea deduced from geophysical data. Mar. Geol. 55 (1984) 347–363.

 [10] M. Berberian, G.C.P. King, Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18, 2 (1981) 210-265, https://doi.org/10.1139/e81-019.

 [11] J. Daneshian, Sh. Shariati, A. Salsani, Biostratigraphy and planktonic foraminiferal abundance in the phosphate-bearing Pabdeh Formation of the Lar Mountains (SW Iran), Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie- Abhandlungen, 278, 2 (2015) 175-189(15). https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2015/0522.

 [12] R.J. Dunham, Classification of Carbonate Rocks According to Depositional Textures, AAPG Special Volumes, Pub. Id: A038 (1962) 108-121.

 [13] A.S. Kaplunovsky, Factor analysis in environmental studies, HAIT J. Sci. Eng. B2, (2005) 54-94.

 [14] C. Reimann, P. Filzmoser, R.G. Garrett, Factor analysis applied to regional geochemical data: problems and possibilities, Applied Geo-chemistry, 17 (2002) 185–206.

 [15] J.A.D. Dickson, A Modified Staining Technique for Carbonates in Thin Section, NATURE, 4971 (1965) 587.

 [16] M.F. Gazley, K.S. Collins, J. Roberston, B.R. Hines, L.A. Fisher, A. McFarlane, Application of principal component analysis and cluster analysis to mineral exploration and mine geology, Aus IMM New Zealand Branch Annual Conference (2015).

 

[17] J. Marques de Sá, Estimating Data Parameters, Applied Statistics Using SPSS, STATISTICA, MATLAB and R, (2007) 81-109,

 

[18] S.B. Green, N.J. Salkind, Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data, Prentice Hall Press (2010).

 [19] S. Shrestha, F. Kazama, T. Nakamura, Use of principal component analysis, factor analysis and discriminant analysis to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in water quality of the Mekong  River. J. Hydroinformatics, 10 (2008) 43-56.

Keywords

Radioactive Elements
Sedimentary Phosphate
XRF
XRD
[1] A.E. Adams, W.S. Mackenzie, C. Guilford, Atlas of sedimentary rocks under the microscope, Staining a thin section of Limestone (Adapted; Dickson, 1965), Apendix 2, (1984) 99.
 [2] F. Bolourchifard, A. Memar, The Study of  Phosphate Rock Forming Minerals (Francolite) of Iran through the EDX-SEM to Assessment of Compositions in Nano-scale, Elsevier- Science Direct Procedia Materials Science, 11 (2015) 108-113.
 [3] I. Jarvis, W.C. Burnett, Y. Nathan, F.S.M. Almbaydin, A.K.M. Attia, L.N. Castro, R. Flicoteaux, M.E. Hilmy, V. Husain, A.A. Qutawnah, A. Serjani, Y.N. Zanin, Phosphorite geochemistry—State-of-the-art and environ-mental concerns, Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae (Journal of the Swiss Geological Society) 87 (1994) 643-700.
 [4] H. Schlasinger William, H.D. Holland, K.K. Turekian, Biogeochemistry: Treatise on Geo-chemistry, The Global Phosphorus Cycle, (Ruttenberg, K.C. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA), Vol. 8, Chap., 8, 13 (2004) 603.
 [5] J. Asfahani, M. Aissa, R. Al-Hent, Uranium migration in a sedimentological phosphatic environment in northern Palmyrides, Al-Awabed area, Syria, Journal of Applied radiation and isotopes, 65 (2007) 1078–1086.
 [6] A. Asma, Aba-Hussain, S. Khaldoun, Al-Bassam, T. Yehya, Al-Rawi, Rare earth elements geochemistry of some paleocene carbonate fluorapatites in Iraq, Iraqi Bulletin of Geology & Mining, 6, 1 (2010) 81-94.
 [7] Koch, S. George, J.R. Link, F. Richard, Statistical Analysis of Geological Data, Jone Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-49690-1, Vol. 1 (1970) 265.
 [8] G. Dehghani, J. Makris, The gravity field and crustal structure of Iran, N. Jb. Geol. Palaeont. Abh 168 (1984) 215-229.
 [9] J. Makris, C. Stobbe, Physical properties and state of the crust and upper mantle of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea deduced from geophysical data. Mar. Geol. 55 (1984) 347–363.
 [10] M. Berberian, G.C.P. King, Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18, 2 (1981) 210-265, https://doi.org/10.1139/e81-019.
 [11] J. Daneshian, Sh. Shariati, A. Salsani, Biostratigraphy and planktonic foraminiferal abundance in the phosphate-bearing Pabdeh Formation of the Lar Mountains (SW Iran), Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie- Abhandlungen, 278, 2 (2015) 175-189(15). https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2015/0522.
 [12] R.J. Dunham, Classification of Carbonate Rocks According to Depositional Textures, AAPG Special Volumes, Pub. Id: A038 (1962) 108-121.
 [13] A.S. Kaplunovsky, Factor analysis in environmental studies, HAIT J. Sci. Eng. B2, (2005) 54-94.
 [14] C. Reimann, P. Filzmoser, R.G. Garrett, Factor analysis applied to regional geochemical data: problems and possibilities, Applied Geo-chemistry, 17 (2002) 185–206.
 [15] J.A.D. Dickson, A Modified Staining Technique for Carbonates in Thin Section, NATURE, 4971 (1965) 587.
 [16] M.F. Gazley, K.S. Collins, J. Roberston, B.R. Hines, L.A. Fisher, A. McFarlane, Application of principal component analysis and cluster analysis to mineral exploration and mine geology, Aus IMM New Zealand Branch Annual Conference (2015).
 
[17] J. Marques de Sá, Estimating Data Parameters, Applied Statistics Using SPSS, STATISTICA, MATLAB and R, (2007) 81-109,
 
[18] S.B. Green, N.J. Salkind, Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data, Prentice Hall Press (2010).
 [19] S. Shrestha, F. Kazama, T. Nakamura, Use of principal component analysis, factor analysis and discriminant analysis to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in water quality of the Mekong  River. J. Hydroinformatics, 10 (2008) 43-56.

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