Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Fabrication of a T Shape Microfluidic Chip on PMMA by Laser Ablation and Welding

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

H Pazokian 1
S Safaei 2
H Amiri 1
M Mollabashi 2

1 Photonics and Quantum Technologies Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 14399511-13, Tehran-Iran

2 Atomic and Molecular Group, Department of Physics, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box: 16846-13114, Tehran – Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2019.231
Abstract
Microfluidic chips are commonly used in many industrial and nuclear medicine applications. The biomolecules are labeled with radio nucleoids for increasing the image resolution in nuclear imaging. Labeling of biomolecules with radio nucleoids is an important subject in recent applications of the microfluidic chips. In this paper fabrication of a T-shape microfluidic chip on Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymer was investigated. The effect of the experimental parameters such as scanning velocity, pulse repetition rate, and laser fluences on the dimensions and the quality of the microchannels were investigated. A two-dimensional T-shape microchannel was fabricated on a PMMA sheet of 1cm×1cm×0.5cm, under the optimum experimental conditions. A polymer sheet with 2D-microchannels was welded to another PMMA sheet with laser welding for the formation of a 3-dimensional microfluidic chip. Two-dimensional microchannels were fabricated with CO2 and second harmonic of Nd:YAG lasers, both in pulsed mode of operation. Continues and pulse CO2 lasers were both used for welding and formation of three-dimensional microchannels

Highlights

[1] S.C. Terry, J.H. Jerman, J.B. Angell, A gas chromatographic air analyzer fabricated on a silicon wafer, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ed., 26 (1979) 1880–1886.

 [2] D.J. Harrison, K. Fluri, K. Seiler, Z. Fan, C.S. Effenhauser, A. Manz, Micromachining a miniaturized capillary electrophoresis-based chemical analysis system on a chip, Science, 261 (1993) 895–897.

 [3] M.U. Kopp, A.J. De Mello, A. Manz, Chemical amplification: continuous- flow PCR on a chip, Science, 280 (1998) 1046–1048.

 [4] A. Manz, H. Becker, Parallel capillaries for high throughput in electrophoretic separations and electroosmotic drug discovery systems, Transducers 97, Int. Conf. Solid-State Sens. Actuators, 2 (1997) 915–918.

 [5] N. Chiem, D.J. Harrison, Microchip-based capillary electrophoresis for immunoassays: analysis of monoclonal antibodies and theophylline, Anal. Chem., 69 (1997) 373–378.

 [6] S.P. Shirmardi, M. Gandomkar, M.G.   Maragheh, M. Shamsaei, Preclinical Evaluation of a New Bombesin Analog for Imaging of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptors, Cancer biotherapy and radiopharmaceuticals, 26, 3 (2011) 309-316.

 [7] J.D. Majumdar, Underwater welding-present status and future scope, Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering., 3, 1 (2006) 38-47.

  [8] J. Aubin, L. Prat, C. Xuereb, C. Ourdon, Effect of microchannel aspect ratio on residence time distributions and the axial dispersion coefficient, Elsevier, 48, 1 (2008) 554-559.

 [9] B. Choondal, V. Suresh Garimella, Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 5 (2001) 293–311.

 [10] J. Mazumder, Laser Welding, in Laser Material­ Processing, North-Holland, Amesterdam, (1983) 113-200.

 [11] W.M Steen, Laser material processing—an overview, Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, 5, 4 (2003) S3-S7.

  [12] D. Lee, J. Mazumder, Effects of laser beam spatial distribution on laser-material interaction, Journal of Laser Applications, 28, 3 (2016) 032003-16.

 [13] Y.P. Raizer, Breakdown and heating of gases under the influence of a laser beam, Sov. Phys. Usp.8, (1966) 650–673.

 [14] H. Pazokian, S. Safaei, M. Mollabashi, H. Amiri, Microfluidic chip fabrication with laser micromachining, Journal of atomic and molecular Physics, 24 (1394).

 

Keywords

PMMA Polymer
CO2 laser
Nd:YAG laser
Microfluidic chip
laser ablation and welding
[1] S.C. Terry, J.H. Jerman, J.B. Angell, A gas chromatographic air analyzer fabricated on a silicon wafer, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ed., 26 (1979) 1880–1886.
 [2] D.J. Harrison, K. Fluri, K. Seiler, Z. Fan, C.S. Effenhauser, A. Manz, Micromachining a miniaturized capillary electrophoresis-based chemical analysis system on a chip, Science, 261 (1993) 895–897.
 [3] M.U. Kopp, A.J. De Mello, A. Manz, Chemical amplification: continuous- flow PCR on a chip, Science, 280 (1998) 1046–1048.
 [4] A. Manz, H. Becker, Parallel capillaries for high throughput in electrophoretic separations and electroosmotic drug discovery systems, Transducers 97, Int. Conf. Solid-State Sens. Actuators, 2 (1997) 915–918.
 [5] N. Chiem, D.J. Harrison, Microchip-based capillary electrophoresis for immunoassays: analysis of monoclonal antibodies and theophylline, Anal. Chem., 69 (1997) 373–378.
 [6] S.P. Shirmardi, M. Gandomkar, M.G.   Maragheh, M. Shamsaei, Preclinical Evaluation of a New Bombesin Analog for Imaging of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptors, Cancer biotherapy and radiopharmaceuticals, 26, 3 (2011) 309-316.
 [7] J.D. Majumdar, Underwater welding-present status and future scope, Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering., 3, 1 (2006) 38-47.
  [8] J. Aubin, L. Prat, C. Xuereb, C. Ourdon, Effect of microchannel aspect ratio on residence time distributions and the axial dispersion coefficient, Elsevier, 48, 1 (2008) 554-559.
 [9] B. Choondal, V. Suresh Garimella, Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 5 (2001) 293–311.
 [10] J. Mazumder, Laser Welding, in Laser Material­ Processing, North-Holland, Amesterdam, (1983) 113-200.
 [11] W.M Steen, Laser material processing—an overview, Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, 5, 4 (2003) S3-S7.
  [12] D. Lee, J. Mazumder, Effects of laser beam spatial distribution on laser-material interaction, Journal of Laser Applications, 28, 3 (2016) 032003-16.
 [13] Y.P. Raizer, Breakdown and heating of gases under the influence of a laser beam, Sov. Phys. Usp.8, (1966) 650–673.
 [14] H. Pazokian, S. Safaei, M. Mollabashi, H. Amiri, Microfluidic chip fabrication with laser micromachining, Journal of atomic and molecular Physics, 24 (1394).
 

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