Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Effect of Gamma Radiation on Spore Germination and Mycelial Growth of Penicillium Expansum, Postharvest Disease of Apple Fruit

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

H A.Mostafavi
S.M Mirmajlessi
S.M Mirjalili
H Fathollahi
S.M Mansouripour
M Babaei
Abstract
Blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum causes most of the losses during the storage period in the world. In this study, the inhibition effect of different doses of gamma radiation on spore germination and mycelial growth of Penicillium expansum was investigated. As a result, the Penicillium expansum was recovered from infected apple fruits. In order to evaluate the gamma radiation effect on the spore germination, spore suspension (104 spore/ml) exposed to 0, 100, 300 and 600 grey, using Co-60 gamma cell with a dose rate of 0.2 Gy/Sec. Also, a disk of mycelium (0.5 cm2) was removed from the edge of a three-days colony and transferred to PDA plates and irradiated to 0, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 and 3500 Gy. The results showed that, the irradiation has completely inhibited the spore germination at 600Gy. While, a dose of 3000Gy completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Penicillium expansum.
 

Highlights

 

 

  1. 1.    P. Sobiczewski, H. Bryk, S. Berczynski, “Evaluation of epiphytic bacteria isolated from apple leaves in the control of postharvest apple diseases,” Journal of Fruit Ornamental Plant Research, 4: 35-4 (1996).

 

  1. 2.    C. Stevens, V.A. Khan, J.Y. Lu, C.L. Wilson, P.L. Pusey, E.C. Lgwegbe, K. Kabwe, Y. Mafolo, J. Liu, E. Chalutz, S. Droby, “Integration of ultraviolet (UV-C) light with yeast treatment for control of postharvest storage rots of fruits and vegetables,” Biological Control, 10, 98-103 (1997).

 

  1. 3.    A. Prakash, P. Inthajak, H. Huibregtse, F. Caporaso, D.M. Foley, “Effect of low dose gamma irradiation and conventional treatments on shelf life and quality characteristics of diced celery,” Journal of Food Science, 65: 1070-1075 (2000).

 

  1. 4.    M. Patterson, “Food irradiation: Microbiological safety and disinfestations,” International Symposium on New Frontier of Irradiated Food and Non-Food Products KMUTT, Bangkok, Thailand (2005).

 

  1. 5.    M.S. Shathele, “Effects of gamma irradiation on fungal growth and associated pathogens,” Reseaech Journal of Environmental Toxicology. 3: 94-100 (2009).

 

  1. 6.    M. Panayota, “Investigation of the radiation effects on Brown Rot disease of Golden Delicious apples, inoculated with the fungus Monilinia fructigena,” Mycopathologia, 142: 33-36 (2004).

 

  1. 7.    J.C. Smith and S. Pillai, “Irradiation and food safety,” Food Technology., 58(11): 48-54 (2004).

 

  1. 8.    F.M. Aubrey, “Inactivation by Irradiation, Control of food borne microorganisms,” Marcel Dekker, Inc., 535 (2002).

 

  1. 9.    R. Barkai-Golan, “Postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables: development and control,” Elsevier Science, B.V. 418 (2001).

 

10. H.L. Barnett and B.B. Hunter, “Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi,” Third Edition, Burgess Publishing, Co. 241, (1972).

 

11. S.I. Neveen, Geweely, L.S. Nawar, “Sensitivity to Gamma Irradiation of Post-harvest Pathogens of Pear,” International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6: 710-716 (2006).

 

12. N.V. Mironenko, A.A. Irina, N.Z. Nelli, A.B. Sergey, “Intraspecific variation in gamma-radiation resistance and genomic structure in the filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata: a case study of strains inhabiting chernobG yl reactor No. 4,” Ecotoxicollogy Environment Safety, 45: 177–87 (2000).

 

13. C. Jitareerat, P. Mohavey, U. Apiradee, K. Songsin, “Effect of irradiation on fungal growths and their pathogenesis on Mangoes cv. Nam Dok Mai,” International Symposium “New Frontier of Irradiated food and Non-Food Products,” KMUTT, Bangkok, Thailand (2005).

 

14. G.P.C. Salmond, “Secretion of extra cellular virulence factors by plant pathogenic bacteria,” Annual Review of Phytopathology., 32: 181-200 (1994).

15. J.C. Smith and S. Pillai, “Irradiation and food safety,” Food Technology., 58:48-54 (2004).

 

16. K.P. Satish, G. Benjamin, K.P. Sergei, K.W. Joseph, C.S. Matt, D.R. Douglas, D.M. Smith, “Semen-specific genetic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1,” Environmental Journal of Virology, 79:1734-1742 (2005).

 

17. R.V. Tauxe, “Food safety and irradiation: Protection the public from food borne infections,” Emergency of Infective Disease, 7:516-521 (2001).

18. L. Willocquet, D. Colombet, M. Rougier, J. Fargues, M. Clerjeau, “Effects of radiation, especially ultraviolet B, on conidial germination and mycelial growth of grape powdery mildew,” European Journal of Plant Pathology, 102: 441-449 (1996).

 

19. R. Braghini, C.R. Pozzi, S. Aquino, L.O. Rocha, B. Corrêa, “Effects of gamma-radiation on the fungus Alternaria alternata in artificially inoculated cereal samples,” Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 67(9):1622-1628 (2009).

Keywords

Gamma Radiation
Postharvest Diseases
Spore Germination
Penicillium Expansum
Radiation Doses
Apples

  1.  

     

    1. 1.    P. Sobiczewski, H. Bryk, S. Berczynski, “Evaluation of epiphytic bacteria isolated from apple leaves in the control of postharvest apple diseases,” Journal of Fruit Ornamental Plant Research, 4: 35-4 (1996).

     

    1. 2.    C. Stevens, V.A. Khan, J.Y. Lu, C.L. Wilson, P.L. Pusey, E.C. Lgwegbe, K. Kabwe, Y. Mafolo, J. Liu, E. Chalutz, S. Droby, “Integration of ultraviolet (UV-C) light with yeast treatment for control of postharvest storage rots of fruits and vegetables,” Biological Control, 10, 98-103 (1997).

     

    1. 3.    A. Prakash, P. Inthajak, H. Huibregtse, F. Caporaso, D.M. Foley, “Effect of low dose gamma irradiation and conventional treatments on shelf life and quality characteristics of diced celery,” Journal of Food Science, 65: 1070-1075 (2000).

     

    1. 4.    M. Patterson, “Food irradiation: Microbiological safety and disinfestations,” International Symposium on New Frontier of Irradiated Food and Non-Food Products KMUTT, Bangkok, Thailand (2005).

     

    1. 5.    M.S. Shathele, “Effects of gamma irradiation on fungal growth and associated pathogens,” Reseaech Journal of Environmental Toxicology. 3: 94-100 (2009).

     

    1. 6.    M. Panayota, “Investigation of the radiation effects on Brown Rot disease of Golden Delicious apples, inoculated with the fungus Monilinia fructigena,” Mycopathologia, 142: 33-36 (2004).

     

    1. 7.    J.C. Smith and S. Pillai, “Irradiation and food safety,” Food Technology., 58(11): 48-54 (2004).

     

    1. 8.    F.M. Aubrey, “Inactivation by Irradiation, Control of food borne microorganisms,” Marcel Dekker, Inc., 535 (2002).

     

    1. 9.    R. Barkai-Golan, “Postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables: development and control,” Elsevier Science, B.V. 418 (2001).

     

    10. H.L. Barnett and B.B. Hunter, “Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi,” Third Edition, Burgess Publishing, Co. 241, (1972).

     

    11. S.I. Neveen, Geweely, L.S. Nawar, “Sensitivity to Gamma Irradiation of Post-harvest Pathogens of Pear,” International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6: 710-716 (2006).

     

    12. N.V. Mironenko, A.A. Irina, N.Z. Nelli, A.B. Sergey, “Intraspecific variation in gamma-radiation resistance and genomic structure in the filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata: a case study of strains inhabiting chernobG yl reactor No. 4,” Ecotoxicollogy Environment Safety, 45: 177–87 (2000).

     

    13. C. Jitareerat, P. Mohavey, U. Apiradee, K. Songsin, “Effect of irradiation on fungal growths and their pathogenesis on Mangoes cv. Nam Dok Mai,” International Symposium “New Frontier of Irradiated food and Non-Food Products,” KMUTT, Bangkok, Thailand (2005).

     

    14. G.P.C. Salmond, “Secretion of extra cellular virulence factors by plant pathogenic bacteria,” Annual Review of Phytopathology., 32: 181-200 (1994).

    15. J.C. Smith and S. Pillai, “Irradiation and food safety,” Food Technology., 58:48-54 (2004).

     

    16. K.P. Satish, G. Benjamin, K.P. Sergei, K.W. Joseph, C.S. Matt, D.R. Douglas, D.M. Smith, “Semen-specific genetic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1,” Environmental Journal of Virology, 79:1734-1742 (2005).

     

    17. R.V. Tauxe, “Food safety and irradiation: Protection the public from food borne infections,” Emergency of Infective Disease, 7:516-521 (2001).

    18. L. Willocquet, D. Colombet, M. Rougier, J. Fargues, M. Clerjeau, “Effects of radiation, especially ultraviolet B, on conidial germination and mycelial growth of grape powdery mildew,” European Journal of Plant Pathology, 102: 441-449 (1996).

     

    19. R. Braghini, C.R. Pozzi, S. Aquino, L.O. Rocha, B. Corrêa, “Effects of gamma-radiation on the fungus Alternaria alternata in artificially inoculated cereal samples,” Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 67(9):1622-1628 (2009).

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