Temperature Effect on Response Function, Energy Resolution and Light Output of NaI(Tl) and BGO Scintillators

Shooyookhi, S; Rahighi, J; Jafarzadeh Khatibani, M; Ghods, H

Temperature Effect on Response Function, Energy Resolution and Light Output of NaI(Tl) and BGO Scintillators

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

S Shooyookhi

J Rahighi

M Jafarzadeh Khatibani

H Ghods

Abstract

Due to the importance of the effect of temperature variation on the scintillation parameters, such as the light output, energy resolution and scintillation efficiency, we intended to verify the temperature effect on the response function of the BGO and NaI(Tl) scintillators. For the gamma ray and charged particles detection, scintillators such as Bismuth Germinate Oxide (BGO) and Sodium Iodide activated by Thallium (NaI(Tl)) are widely used. Thus the effect of temperature variation on the scintillation efficiency, light output and energy resolution have been measured using both BGO and NaI(Tl) scintillators of Ø2”x2” and Ø3”x3” dimensions in the energy range of 600-1400 keV, and at the temperature ranging from -30°C to + 70°C. Since the photomultiplier tubes (PM) tubes and scintillators are connected together, it is rather difficult to study the temperature effect on the scintillator alone, so the effect of temperature change on the PM tubes+scintillators was studied first. A similar study for the PM tube alone has been performed in a different experiment. By increasing the temperature, the scintillator efficiency and the light output decrease and the energy resolution deteriorate, whereas by decreasing the temperature, the light output and the scintillator efficiency increase and the energy resolution will improve.

Highlights

1. R.L. Health, R. Hofstadter, E.B. Hughes, “Temperature dependence of the fast near-band-edge-scintillation from cuI, HgI₂, pbI₂, Zno: Ga and Cds: In,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 162, 431, (Review article listing 127 references) (1979).

2. D. Aliaga-Kelly and D.R. Nicoll, “Recent developments in scintillation detector,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 43, 110 (1966).

3. C. Colmenares, E.G. Shapiro, P.E. Barry, C.T. Prevo, “Use of a bare caf₂ (EU) to assess the escape peak,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 114, 277 (1974).

4. M. Campbell, K.W.D. Ledingham, A.D. Baillie, J.G. Lynch, “New result on agaseous detector using medipix2 and microgas,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 137, 235 (1976).

5. E. Catalano and J.B. Czirr, “Scintillation light yield of BaF₂: co,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 143, 61 (1977).

6. F. Brooks, “Development of organic scintillators,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 162, 477 (Review article listing 274 references) (1979).

7. L.M. Bollinger and G.E. Thomas, “High temperature performance charactristics of a nuclear detector,” Rev. Sci. Instr. 28, 489 (1957).

8. J. Hellstrom and S. Beshae, “Temperature effect on the response function of NaI (Tl) detectors,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 101, 267 (1972).

9. R. Bergere, H. Beil, A. Veyssiere, “Radiation detection and measurment,” Nucl. Phys. A121, 453 (1968).

10. F. Glenn, Knoll, “Radiation detection and measrement,” John Wiley & Sons (1999).

11. E.D.E.R. Mateosianm, Mckeown, C.O. Muehlhause, “Response sodium lodide crystal to alpa particles and electrons as function of temperature,” Physical. Rev. Vol. 101, 967, 971 (1956).

Keywords

BGO & NaI(Tl) Scintillators

Scintillator Response Function

Energy Resolution

Scintillator Effeciency

Light Output

1. R.L. Health, R. Hofstadter, E.B. Hughes, “Temperature dependence of the fast near-band-edge-scintillation from cuI, HgI₂, pbI₂, Zno: Ga and Cds: In,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 162, 431, (Review article listing 127 references) (1979).

2. D. Aliaga-Kelly and D.R. Nicoll, “Recent developments in scintillation detector,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 43, 110 (1966).

3. C. Colmenares, E.G. Shapiro, P.E. Barry, C.T. Prevo, “Use of a bare caf₂ (EU) to assess the escape peak,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 114, 277 (1974).

4. M. Campbell, K.W.D. Ledingham, A.D. Baillie, J.G. Lynch, “New result on agaseous detector using medipix2 and microgas,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 137, 235 (1976).

5. E. Catalano and J.B. Czirr, “Scintillation light yield of BaF₂: co,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 143, 61 (1977).

6. F. Brooks, “Development of organic scintillators,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 162, 477 (Review article listing 274 references) (1979).

7. L.M. Bollinger and G.E. Thomas, “High temperature performance charactristics of a nuclear detector,” Rev. Sci. Instr. 28, 489 (1957).

8. J. Hellstrom and S. Beshae, “Temperature effect on the response function of NaI (Tl) detectors,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. 101, 267 (1972).

9. R. Bergere, H. Beil, A. Veyssiere, “Radiation detection and measurment,” Nucl. Phys. A121, 453 (1968).

10. F. Glenn, Knoll, “Radiation detection and measrement,” John Wiley & Sons (1999).

11. E.D.E.R. Mateosianm, Mckeown, C.O. Muehlhause, “Response sodium lodide crystal to alpa particles and electrons as function of temperature,” Physical. Rev. Vol. 101, 967, 971 (1956).