Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Production of Strontium-89 Radioisotope by Neutron Activation Method and Preparation of 89Strontium Chloride Radiopharmaceutical

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

M Moosavi
S Setayeshi
S.J Ahmadi
M.R Kardan
R Gholipour Peyvandi
A Bahrami Samani
B Salimi
A Abbasi
S.M Mazidi
S.H Mirfallah
M Ghannadi Maragheh
Abstract
Strontium-89 is one of the most important radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine for therapy of bone pain caused by bone metastases. That is due to the beta radiation with sufficient energy for destroying metastatic sites in bone tissue. The routine application is ensured by introducing 89SrCl2 radiopharmaceutical and then injection of a specific dose in human vein, where it leads to reduction of bone pains. In this research, 89Sr was produced in the Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) for both natural Sr (includes 84Sr and 88Sr) and enriched Sr (includes 88Sr of %99 purity) for the comparison and preparation of 89SrCl2 radiopharmaceutical. Natural radioactivated Sr which produces gamma radiation was injected in mice and then based on gamma spectroscopy in different tissues, a calculation was made for the dose absorption rate, defined by %ID/g. Also, radioactivated enriched Sr-88 was injected in mice and the %ID/g was calculated due to distribution of the beta radiation in mice tissues. In our biodistribution we observed a rapid blood clearance followed by the high absorption of activity in bone tissues. These data have shown that the prepared compound is a well defined radiopharmaceutical for the bone pain palliation in metastatic lesions.

Highlights

  1. 1.      R.D. Rubens, “Bone metastases: the clinical problem,” European Journal of Cancer, 34(2), 210-213 (1998).

 

  1. 2.      A. Edward, H, Hanover, NH (US), “Method of treating bone metastasis,” Patent NO. 7,148, 210 B2, Dec. 12 (2006).

 

  1. 3.      A.T. Van Holten-Verzantvoort, O.L.M. Bijvoet, F.J. Cleton, J. Hermans, H.M. Kroon, H.I.J. Harinck, P. Vermey, J.W.F. Elte, J.P. Neijt, L.V.A.M. Beex, G. Blijham, “Reduced morbidity from skeletal metastases in breast cancer patients during long-term bisphosphonate (APD) treatment,” Lancet, 2(8566), 983-985 (1987).

 

  1. 4.      I. Elomaa, C. Blomqvist, L. Porkka, T. Holmström, T. Taube, C. Lamberg-Allardt, GH. Borgström, “Diphosphonates for osteolytic metastases,” Lancet, I (8438), 1155-1156 (1985).

 

  1. 5.      I.Z. Bassem, “Palliative and pain medicine: radiation oncology,” Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management, 9, 177-183 (2005).

 

  1. 6.      E.B. Silberstein, “The treatment of painful osseous metastases with phosphorous-32 labeled phosphates,” Semin Oncol. 20, 10–21 (1993).

 

  1. 7.      D. Ackery, J. Yardley, “Radionuclide-targeted therapy for the management of metastatic bone pain,” Semin Oncol, 20(suppl 2), 27–31 (1993).

 

  1. 8.      A.J.B. McEwan, “Use of Radionuclides for the Palliation of Bone Metastases,”Seminar in Radiation Oncology, Vo110, No 2, 103-114 (2000).

 

  1. 9.      B.S. Edward, “Teletherapy and Radiopharmaceutical Therapy of Painful Bone Metastases,” Semin Nucl Med, 35, 152-158 (2005).

 

  1. 10.  N. Nair, “Relative efficacy of 32P and 89Sr in palliation in skeletal metastases,” J. Nucl Med, 40, 256-261 (1999).

 

  1. 11.  J. Fettich, A. Padhy, N. Nair, R. Morales, M. Tamumihardja, G. Riccabonna, G.G. Nair, “Comparative clinical efficacy and safety of phosphorus-32 and strontium-89 in the palliative treatment of metastatic bone pain,” Results of an IAEA coordinated research project, World, J. Nucl Med, 2, 226-231 (2003).

 

 

  1. 12.  C. Pecher, “Biological investigations with radioactive calcium and strontium: Preliminary report on the use of radioactive strontium in treatment of metastatic bone cancer,” UC Public Pharmacol, 11, 117-149 (1942).

 

  1. 13.  B.S.E.C. Williams, “Strontium-89 therapy for the pain of osseous Metastases,” J. Nucl Med, 26, 345-348 (1985).

 

  1. 14.  R.G. Robinson, D.F. Preston, J.A. Spicer, K.G. Baxter, “Radionuclide therapy of intractable bone pain: Emphasis on strontium-89,” Semin Nucl Med, 22, 28-32 (1992).

 

  1. 15.  A.J.B. McEwan and et al, “An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of treatment with strontium-89 in patients who have previously received wide field radiotherapy,” Antibody Immunoconjugates Radiopharm, 3, 91-98 (1990).

 

  1. 16.  G.M. Blake, M.A. Zivanovic, R.M. Blaquiere, D.R. Fine, A.J. McEwan, D.M. Ackery, “Strontium-89 therapy: Measurement of absorbed dose to skeletal metastases,” J. Nucl Med, 29, 549-557 (1988).

 

  1. 17.  S.L. Breen, J.E. Powe, A.T. Porter, “Dose estimation of strontium-89 radiotherapy of metastatic prostatic carcinoma,” J. Nucl Med, 33, 1316-1323 (1992).

 

  1. 18.  C.Z. Deptula, K. Chmielowski, T. Kempisty, Z. Kusnierz, M. Marciniak, R. Mikolajczak, S. Stefanczyk, “Method of preparation and application of strontium chloride-89SrCl2 for palliative treatment of painful bone metastases, Part I. Production method of strontium-89Sr chloride,” Problemy Medycyny Nuklearnej, 10, 19, 161–168 (1996).

 

  1. 19.  C.Z. Deptula and et al, “Quality control methods of strontium chloride 89SrCl2, radiopharmaceutical for palliative treatment of bone metastases,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Isotopes, Sydney, 196–199 (1997).

 

Keywords

Strontium-89
Strontium Chlorides
Neutron Activation Analysis
Therapy of Bone Metastases
Gamma Radiation
Beta Radiation
  1. 1.      R.D. Rubens, “Bone metastases: the clinical problem,” European Journal of Cancer, 34(2), 210-213 (1998).

 a

  1. 2.      A. Edward, H, Hanover, NH (US), “Method of treating bone metastasis,” Patent NO. 7,148, 210 B2, Dec. 12 (2006).

 

  1. 3.      A.T. Van Holten-Verzantvoort, O.L.M. Bijvoet, F.J. Cleton, J. Hermans, H.M. Kroon, H.I.J. Harinck, P. Vermey, J.W.F. Elte, J.P. Neijt, L.V.A.M. Beex, G. Blijham, “Reduced morbidity from skeletal metastases in breast cancer patients during long-term bisphosphonate (APD) treatment,” Lancet, 2(8566), 983-985 (1987).

 

  1. 4.      I. Elomaa, C. Blomqvist, L. Porkka, T. Holmström, T. Taube, C. Lamberg-Allardt, GH. Borgström, “Diphosphonates for osteolytic metastases,” Lancet, I (8438), 1155-1156 (1985).

 

  1. 5.      I.Z. Bassem, “Palliative and pain medicine: radiation oncology,” Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management, 9, 177-183 (2005).

 

  1. 6.      E.B. Silberstein, “The treatment of painful osseous metastases with phosphorous-32 labeled phosphates,” Semin Oncol. 20, 10–21 (1993).

 

  1. 7.      D. Ackery, J. Yardley, “Radionuclide-targeted therapy for the management of metastatic bone pain,” Semin Oncol, 20(suppl 2), 27–31 (1993).

 

  1. 8.      A.J.B. McEwan, “Use of Radionuclides for the Palliation of Bone Metastases,”Seminar in Radiation Oncology, Vo110, No 2, 103-114 (2000).

 

  1. 9.      B.S. Edward, “Teletherapy and Radiopharmaceutical Therapy of Painful Bone Metastases,” Semin Nucl Med, 35, 152-158 (2005).

 

  1. 10.  N. Nair, “Relative efficacy of 32P and 89Sr in palliation in skeletal metastases,” J. Nucl Med, 40, 256-261 (1999).

 

  1. 11.  J. Fettich, A. Padhy, N. Nair, R. Morales, M. Tamumihardja, G. Riccabonna, G.G. Nair, “Comparative clinical efficacy and safety of phosphorus-32 and strontium-89 in the palliative treatment of metastatic bone pain,” Results of an IAEA coordinated research project, World, J. Nucl Med, 2, 226-231 (2003).

 

 

  1. 12.  C. Pecher, “Biological investigations with radioactive calcium and strontium: Preliminary report on the use of radioactive strontium in treatment of metastatic bone cancer,” UC Public Pharmacol, 11, 117-149 (1942).

 

  1. 13.  B.S.E.C. Williams, “Strontium-89 therapy for the pain of osseous Metastases,” J. Nucl Med, 26, 345-348 (1985).

 

  1. 14.  R.G. Robinson, D.F. Preston, J.A. Spicer, K.G. Baxter, “Radionuclide therapy of intractable bone pain: Emphasis on strontium-89,” Semin Nucl Med, 22, 28-32 (1992).

 

  1. 15.  A.J.B. McEwan and et al, “An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of treatment with strontium-89 in patients who have previously received wide field radiotherapy,” Antibody Immunoconjugates Radiopharm, 3, 91-98 (1990).

 

  1. 16.  G.M. Blake, M.A. Zivanovic, R.M. Blaquiere, D.R. Fine, A.J. McEwan, D.M. Ackery, “Strontium-89 therapy: Measurement of absorbed dose to skeletal metastases,” J. Nucl Med, 29, 549-557 (1988).

 

  1. 17.  S.L. Breen, J.E. Powe, A.T. Porter, “Dose estimation of strontium-89 radiotherapy of metastatic prostatic carcinoma,” J. Nucl Med, 33, 1316-1323 (1992).

 

  1. 18.  C.Z. Deptula, K. Chmielowski, T. Kempisty, Z. Kusnierz, M. Marciniak, R. Mikolajczak, S. Stefanczyk, “Method of preparation and application of strontium chloride-89SrCl2 for palliative treatment of painful bone metastases, Part I. Production method of strontium-89Sr chloride,” Problemy Medycyny Nuklearnej, 10, 19, 161–168 (1996).

 

  1. 19.  C.Z. Deptula and et al, “Quality control methods of strontium chloride 89SrCl2, radiopharmaceutical for palliative treatment of bone metastases,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Isotopes, Sydney, 196–199 (1997).

 

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