Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Selective Extraction and Separation of Trace Amounts of Cobalt-57 from Nickel

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

M Akhlaghi
P Rowshan Farzad
Abstract
Trace amounts of cobalt-57 were separated from nickel and extracted into isopherone in the presence of thiocyanate as a complexing agent. The effect of various parameters on the separation yield was investigated. These include: concentration of the complexing agent, aqua and organic phases volume ratio and acidity of aqua phase. The extracted cobalt-57 was backextracted into concentrated hydrochloric acid and the effects of hydrochloric acid concentration and volume on backextraction yield were investigated. 4% (W/V) ammonium thiocyanate solution, pH=1.5-2 and lower organic to aqua volume ratio gives the highest separation yield. 99.57% backextraction yield was achieved for cobalt-57 through 5 steps of washing with 5 N HCl.

Highlights

 

 

  1. 1.    J.H.W. Forsythe, R.J. Magee, C.L. Wilson, “The analytical chemistry of the pyridine thiocyanates—I: The separation of cobalt and nickel by solvent extraction,” Talanta, 1, 249-251 (1958).

 

  1. 2.    J.S. Preston , A.C. du-Preez, “Separation of nickel  and calcium by solvent extraction using mixtures of carboxylic acids and alkylpyridines,” Hydrometallurgy, 58, 239-250 (2000).

 

  1. 3.    B.K. Tait, “Cobalt-nickel separation: the extraction of cobalt (II) and nickel (II) by Cyanex 301, Cyanex 302 and Cyanex 272 ,” Hydrometallurgy,  32 , 365-372 (1993).

 

  1. 4.    K. Yoshizuka, Y. Sakomoto, Y. Baba, K. Inoue, “Distribution equilibria in the adsorption of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) on Levextrel resin containing Cyanex 272,” Hydrometallurgy,32, 309-318 (1990).

 

  1. 5.    E. Lindell, E. Jääskeläinen, E. Paatero, B. Nyman, “Effect of reversed micelles in Co/Ni separation by Cyanex 272 ,” Hydrometallurgy,56, 337-357 (2000).

 

  1. 6.    N.V. Thakur, “Extraction studies of base metals (Mn, Cu, Co and Ni) using the extractant 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid, PC 88A,” Hydrometallurgy,48, 125-131 (1998).

 

  1. 7.    K. Sarangi, B.R. Reddy, R.P. Das, “Separation of Co(II)/Ni(II) by the sodium salts of D2EHPA, PC88A and Cyanex 272 and their mixtures,” Hydrometallurgy, 52, 253-265 (1999).

 

  1. 8.    Z. Longao, “Impurity removal and cobalt-nickel separation from sulphate solution by solvent extraction with B312,” Hydrometallurgy, 24, 167-177 (1990).

 

  1. 9.    B. Gupta, A. Deep, V. Singh, S.N. Tandon, “Recovery of cobalt, nickel, and copper from sea nodules by their extraction with alkylphosphines,” Hydrometallurgy, 70, 121-129 (2003).

 

10.N.B. Devi, K.C. Nathsarma, V. Chakravortty, “Separation and recovery of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) from sulphate solutions using sodium salts of D2EHPA, PC 88A and Cyanex 272 ,” Hydrometallurgy,  49, 47-61 (1998).

 

11.P.E. Tsakiridis, S.L. Agatzini, “Simultaneous solvent extraction of cobalt and nickel in the presence of manganese and magnesium from sulfate solutions by Cyanex 301,” Hydrometallurgy,  72, 269-278 (2004).

 

12.D.B. Dreisinger, W.C. Cooper, “The solvent extraction separation of cobalt and nickel using 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester,” Hydrometallurgy, 12, 1-20 (1984).

 

13.P. Zhang, T. Yokoyama, T.M. Suzuki, K. Inoue, “The synergistic extraction of nickel and cobalt with a mixture of di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and 5-dodecylsalicylaldoxime,” Hydrometallurgy,  61, 223-227 (2001).

 

14.R. Grimm, Z. Kolaík, “Extraction of Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) by Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid,” Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry,  36, 189-192 (1974).

 

15.J.E. Barnes, J.H. Setchfield, G.O.R. Williams, “Solvent extraction with di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid; A correlation between selectivity and the structure of the complex,”  J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.,   38, 1065-1067 (1976).

 

16.P.E. Tsakiridis, S.L. Agatzini, “Process for the recovery of cobalt and nickel in the presence of magnesium and calcium from sulphate solutions by Versatic 10 and Cyanex 272,”  Miner. Eng., 17, 535-543 (2004).

 

17.P.E. Tsakiridis, S.L. Agatzini, “Process for the recovery of cobalt and nickel in the presence of magnesium from sulphate solutions by Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 302,” Miner. Eng., 17, 913-923 (2004).

 

18.M.N. Gandhi, N.V. Deorkar, S.M. Khopkar, “Solvent extraction separation of cobalt (II) from nickel and other metals with cyanex 272,” Talanta, 40, 1535-1539 (1993).

 

19.A. Cerpa, F.J. Alguacil, “separation of cobalt and nickel from acidic sulfate solutions using mixtures of di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and hydroxyoxime,” J. Chem. Biotechnol., 79, 455-460 (2004).

 

20.D.V. Koladkar, P.M. Dhadke, “cobalt – nickel separation: the extraction of cobalt (II) and nickel (II) with bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphonic acid (PIA-8) in toluene,” Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 19, 1059-1071 (2001).

 

21.B. Gupta, A. Deep, P. Malik, S.N. Tandon, “Extraction and separation of some 3d transition metal ions using CYANEX 923,” Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 20, 81-96 (2002).

 

22.N.M. Rice, M. Nedved, “The extraction of nickel from ammoniacal media and its separation from copper, cobalt and zinc using hydroxyoxime extractants I. SME-529,” Hydrometallurgy,  3, 35-54 (1978).

 

23.J. Chen, K.C. Teo, “Determination of cobalt and nickel in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction,”  Anal. Chim.Acta, 434, 325-330 (2001).

 

24.S. Ide, M. Takagi, “Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Transition Metal Ions with N-Phenyl-N'-(2-butylthiophenyl) thiourea,” Anal. Sci., 6, 599-603 (1990).

 

25. S. Oshima, N. Hirayama, K. Kubono, H. Kokusen,T. Honjo, “Ion-pair extraction behavior of divalent transition metal cations as charged complexes with N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethylidene)-1,2-diiminoethane and its analogues,”  Anal. Chim. Acta,  441, 157-164 (2001).

26.M. Sonck, A. Hermanne, F. Szelecenyi, S. Takacs, F. Tarkanyi, “Study of the NatNi (P,X) 57Ni process up to 44 MeV for monitor purposes,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 49, 1533-1536 (1998).

 

27.Y.G. Sevasianov, “Method of radioisotope isolation from cyclotron targets,” J. Radioanal. Chem., 21, 247-257 (1974).

 

28.S. Spellerberg, P. Reimer, G. Blessing, H.H. Coenen, S.M. Qaim, “Production of 55Co via proton induced reaction on highly enriched 58Ni,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 49, 1519-1522 (1998).

 

29.S. Tanaka, M. Furukawa, M. chiba, “Nuclear reactions of nickel with protons up to 56 MeV,” J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 34, 2419-2426 (1972).

 

30.S. Kaufman, “Reaction of protons with Ni58 and Ni60,” Phys. Rev., 117, 1532-1538 (1960).

 

31.P.C. Johnson, M.C. Lagunas–solar, M.J. Avila, “The indirect production of no-carrier-added 57Co via the 59Co(P,3n) 57Ni  57Co reaction,” Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 35, 371-376 (1984).

 

32.R.D. Neirincky, “Cyclotron production of Ni-57 and Co-55 and synthesis of their blomycin complexes,” Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 28, 561-562, (1977).

 

33.A. Musil, G. Weidmann, “The separation of nickel and cobalt by extraction using TBP,” Mikrochim. Acta, 3, 476, (1959).

 

34.H. Irving, D.N. Edgington, “The extraction of some metal chloride into tri-n-butyl phosphate, ”J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 10, 306-318, (1959).

 

35.D.F.C. Morris, C.F. Bell, “The extraction of cobalt (II) at tracer concentration from hydrochloric acid solution into tri-n-butyl phosphate,” J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 10, 337-339 (1959).

 

36.M.Y. Mirza, “The use of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-capryl-pyrazolone-5 in liquid-liquid extraction method for the carrier-free production of Mn54, Co58, Fe59”Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 18, 849-856 (1967).

 

37.R.B. Firestone, “Table of isotope CD ROM editoion,” version 1, (1996).

 

Keywords

Solvent Extraction
Separation
Traces Amounts
Cobalt-57
Nickel
Isopherone
Ammonium Thiocyanate

  1.  

     

    1. 1.    J.H.W. Forsythe, R.J. Magee, C.L. Wilson, “The analytical chemistry of the pyridine thiocyanates—I: The separation of cobalt and nickel by solvent extraction,” Talanta, 1, 249-251 (1958).

     

    1. 2.    J.S. Preston , A.C. du-Preez, “Separation of nickel  and calcium by solvent extraction using mixtures of carboxylic acids and alkylpyridines,” Hydrometallurgy, 58, 239-250 (2000).

     

    1. 3.    B.K. Tait, “Cobalt-nickel separation: the extraction of cobalt (II) and nickel (II) by Cyanex 301, Cyanex 302 and Cyanex 272 ,” Hydrometallurgy,  32 , 365-372 (1993).

     

    1. 4.    K. Yoshizuka, Y. Sakomoto, Y. Baba, K. Inoue, “Distribution equilibria in the adsorption of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) on Levextrel resin containing Cyanex 272,” Hydrometallurgy,32, 309-318 (1990).

     

    1. 5.    E. Lindell, E. Jääskeläinen, E. Paatero, B. Nyman, “Effect of reversed micelles in Co/Ni separation by Cyanex 272 ,” Hydrometallurgy,56, 337-357 (2000).

     

    1. 6.    N.V. Thakur, “Extraction studies of base metals (Mn, Cu, Co and Ni) using the extractant 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid, PC 88A,” Hydrometallurgy,48, 125-131 (1998).

     

    1. 7.    K. Sarangi, B.R. Reddy, R.P. Das, “Separation of Co(II)/Ni(II) by the sodium salts of D2EHPA, PC88A and Cyanex 272 and their mixtures,” Hydrometallurgy, 52, 253-265 (1999).

     

    1. 8.    Z. Longao, “Impurity removal and cobalt-nickel separation from sulphate solution by solvent extraction with B312,” Hydrometallurgy, 24, 167-177 (1990).

     

    1. 9.    B. Gupta, A. Deep, V. Singh, S.N. Tandon, “Recovery of cobalt, nickel, and copper from sea nodules by their extraction with alkylphosphines,” Hydrometallurgy, 70, 121-129 (2003).

     

    10.N.B. Devi, K.C. Nathsarma, V. Chakravortty, “Separation and recovery of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) from sulphate solutions using sodium salts of D2EHPA, PC 88A and Cyanex 272 ,” Hydrometallurgy,  49, 47-61 (1998).

     

    11.P.E. Tsakiridis, S.L. Agatzini, “Simultaneous solvent extraction of cobalt and nickel in the presence of manganese and magnesium from sulfate solutions by Cyanex 301,” Hydrometallurgy,  72, 269-278 (2004).

     

    12.D.B. Dreisinger, W.C. Cooper, “The solvent extraction separation of cobalt and nickel using 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester,” Hydrometallurgy, 12, 1-20 (1984).

     

    13.P. Zhang, T. Yokoyama, T.M. Suzuki, K. Inoue, “The synergistic extraction of nickel and cobalt with a mixture of di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and 5-dodecylsalicylaldoxime,” Hydrometallurgy,  61, 223-227 (2001).

     

    14.R. Grimm, Z. Kolaík, “Extraction of Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) by Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid,” Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry,  36, 189-192 (1974).

     

    15.J.E. Barnes, J.H. Setchfield, G.O.R. Williams, “Solvent extraction with di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid; A correlation between selectivity and the structure of the complex,”  J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.,   38, 1065-1067 (1976).

     

    16.P.E. Tsakiridis, S.L. Agatzini, “Process for the recovery of cobalt and nickel in the presence of magnesium and calcium from sulphate solutions by Versatic 10 and Cyanex 272,”  Miner. Eng., 17, 535-543 (2004).

     

    17.P.E. Tsakiridis, S.L. Agatzini, “Process for the recovery of cobalt and nickel in the presence of magnesium from sulphate solutions by Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 302,” Miner. Eng., 17, 913-923 (2004).

     

    18.M.N. Gandhi, N.V. Deorkar, S.M. Khopkar, “Solvent extraction separation of cobalt (II) from nickel and other metals with cyanex 272,” Talanta, 40, 1535-1539 (1993).

     

    19.A. Cerpa, F.J. Alguacil, “separation of cobalt and nickel from acidic sulfate solutions using mixtures of di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and hydroxyoxime,” J. Chem. Biotechnol., 79, 455-460 (2004).

     

    20.D.V. Koladkar, P.M. Dhadke, “cobalt – nickel separation: the extraction of cobalt (II) and nickel (II) with bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphonic acid (PIA-8) in toluene,” Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 19, 1059-1071 (2001).

     

    21.B. Gupta, A. Deep, P. Malik, S.N. Tandon, “Extraction and separation of some 3d transition metal ions using CYANEX 923,” Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 20, 81-96 (2002).

     

    22.N.M. Rice, M. Nedved, “The extraction of nickel from ammoniacal media and its separation from copper, cobalt and zinc using hydroxyoxime extractants I. SME-529,” Hydrometallurgy,  3, 35-54 (1978).

     

    23.J. Chen, K.C. Teo, “Determination of cobalt and nickel in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction,”  Anal. Chim.Acta, 434, 325-330 (2001).

     

    24.S. Ide, M. Takagi, “Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Transition Metal Ions with N-Phenyl-N'-(2-butylthiophenyl) thiourea,” Anal. Sci., 6, 599-603 (1990).

     

    25. S. Oshima, N. Hirayama, K. Kubono, H. Kokusen,T. Honjo, “Ion-pair extraction behavior of divalent transition metal cations as charged complexes with N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethylidene)-1,2-diiminoethane and its analogues,”  Anal. Chim. Acta,  441, 157-164 (2001).

    26.M. Sonck, A. Hermanne, F. Szelecenyi, S. Takacs, F. Tarkanyi, “Study of the NatNi (P,X) 57Ni process up to 44 MeV for monitor purposes,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 49, 1533-1536 (1998).

     

    27.Y.G. Sevasianov, “Method of radioisotope isolation from cyclotron targets,” J. Radioanal. Chem., 21, 247-257 (1974).

     

    28.S. Spellerberg, P. Reimer, G. Blessing, H.H. Coenen, S.M. Qaim, “Production of 55Co via proton induced reaction on highly enriched 58Ni,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 49, 1519-1522 (1998).

     

    29.S. Tanaka, M. Furukawa, M. chiba, “Nuclear reactions of nickel with protons up to 56 MeV,” J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 34, 2419-2426 (1972).

     

    30.S. Kaufman, “Reaction of protons with Ni58 and Ni60,” Phys. Rev., 117, 1532-1538 (1960).

     

    31.P.C. Johnson, M.C. Lagunas–solar, M.J. Avila, “The indirect production of no-carrier-added 57Co via the 59Co(P,3n) 57Ni  57Co reaction,” Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 35, 371-376 (1984).

     

    32.R.D. Neirincky, “Cyclotron production of Ni-57 and Co-55 and synthesis of their blomycin complexes,” Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 28, 561-562, (1977).

     

    33.A. Musil, G. Weidmann, “The separation of nickel and cobalt by extraction using TBP,” Mikrochim. Acta, 3, 476, (1959).

     

    34.H. Irving, D.N. Edgington, “The extraction of some metal chloride into tri-n-butyl phosphate, ”J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 10, 306-318, (1959).

     

    35.D.F.C. Morris, C.F. Bell, “The extraction of cobalt (II) at tracer concentration from hydrochloric acid solution into tri-n-butyl phosphate,” J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 10, 337-339 (1959).

     

    36.M.Y. Mirza, “The use of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-capryl-pyrazolone-5 in liquid-liquid extraction method for the carrier-free production of Mn54, Co58, Fe59”Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 18, 849-856 (1967).

     

    37.R.B. Firestone, “Table of isotope CD ROM editoion,” version 1, (1996).

     

Home