N2- Fixation Ability of Three Main Soybean Cultivars in Symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Using N-15 Isotope Dilution Method in Iran

Piervali-Bieranvand, N; Saleh- Rastin, N; Mousavi-Shalmani, M.A

N2- Fixation Ability of Three Main Soybean Cultivars in Symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Using N-15 Isotope Dilution Method in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

N Piervali-Bieranvand

N Saleh- Rastin

M.A Mousavi-Shalmani

Abstract

The present pot study was carried out for comparison of N₂ fixation ability for three main soybean cultivars in Iran i.,e. Sahar, Williams and Clark 63. The experiment was conducted under the proper growth chamber condition, with a randomized complete block design on a soil with no indigenous rhizobia and low nitrogen content. Each treatment was replicated four times. Each pot contained 3.5-kg air dried homogenized soil, and at the time of planting each seedling was inoculated with l ml of inoculum containing approximately 9 × 10⁸ cells per ml. For quantifying the fixed nitrogen, using A-value (N-15) method, two solutions of N-15 enriched ammonium sulfate containing 9.616 and 2.086% N-15 atom excess were applied in amount of 6.67 and 33.33 mg/kg N at the stage V2 for the fixing, and for the stages V2, R2 and R5 as reference pots.During 4 months of growth, the plants were irrigated with distilled water to maintain the soil moisture approximately 0.8 of the field capacity. The plants were harvested at the plant developmental stage reproductive 6 (R6) and a number of growth parameters were measured. According to the results, Sahar cultivar which is more lateness, showed a higher results in the most measured characteristics, including nitrogen derived from air, shoot dry matter, nodule dry matter and the whole dry matter of plant, significantly. All the three cultivars could supply more than 90 % of nitrogen demand through symbiosis. The cultivars were different significantly in amount of nitrogen derived from air, despite of the percent of nitrogen derived from air.

Highlights

ن. پیرولی بیرانوند، ”بررسی اثرات متقـابل رقم گیـاه و سویـه باکتری 1.

روی توان تثبیت نیتروژن سویا در خاکهای مختلف،“ پایان نامه کارشناس ارشد خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران. صفحه 154 ( 1378).

FAO, “Legume inoculation and their use,” Rome, 110p (1984).
G. Hardarson, F.A. Blis, M.R. Cigales-Rivero, R.A. Henson, J.A. Kipe-Nolt, L. Longeri, A. Manrique, J.J. Pena-Cabriales, P.A.A. Pereira, C.A. Sanabria, S.M. Tsai, “Genotypic variation in biological nitrogen fixation by common bean,” Plant & Soil, 152(1), 59-70 (1993).

G. Hardarson, M. Golbs, S.K.A. Danso, “Nitrogen fixation in soybean as affected by nodulation pattern,” Soil Biol. Biochem, 21, 783-7 (1989).
M.B. Peoples, D.F. Herridge, J.K. Ladha, “Biological nitrogen fixation: An efficient source of nitrogen for sustainable agricultural production,” Plant & Soil, 174, 3-28 (1995).
S.P. Wani, O.P. Ruple, K.K. Lee, “Sustainable agriculture in the semi- arid tropics through biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes,” Plant & Soil, 174, 29-49 (1995).
H.H. Keyser and F.Li, “Potential for increasing biological nitrogen fixation in soybean,” Plant and Soil, 141, 119- 35 (1992).
D.F. Herridge and S.K.A Danso, “Enhancing crop logume N2 fixation through selection and breeding,” Plant & Soil, 174, 51-82 (1995).
P. Somaseagran and H.J. Hoben, “Handbook for Rhizobia, Methods in legume rhizobium technology, laboratory manual,” Springer- Verlag New York, Inc. 450 P (1994).
D.P. Beck, L.A. Materon, F. Afandi, “Practical Rhizobium- Legume Technology,” Manual No 19 ICARDA, 340p (1993).
G. Hardarson, “Use of nuclear techniques in studies of soil- plant relation- ships,” Training course series No. 2 publishing IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 223p (1990).

S.K.A. Danso, C. Hera, C. Douka, “Nitrogen fixation in soybean as in fluenced by cultivar and Rhizobium strain,” Plant & Soil, 99, 163- 74 (1987).
W.R. Fehr, C.E. Caviness, D.T. Burmood, J.S. Pennington, “State of development descreptions for soybeans,” Crop Sci, 11, 929-31 (1971).
N. Burias and C. Plachon, “Increasing soybean productivity through selection for nitrogen fixation,” Agron. J, 82, 1031- 34 (1990).
K.E. Giller, P.T.C. Nambiar, B. Strinivasa Rao, P.J. Dart, J.M. Day, “A comparison of nitrogen fixation in genotypes of groundnut using ¹⁵N- isotope dilution,” Biol. Fertil. Soils, 5, 23-25 (1987).

R.D. Guffy, R.M. Varden Heuvel, B.L. Valsilas, R.L. Nelson, M.A. Frobish, J.D. Hesketh, “Evaluation of the N2- fixation capacity of four soybean genotypes by several methods,” Plant & Soil, 21(3), 339-42 (1989).
R. Senaratne, C. Amornpimol, G. Hardarson, “Effect of combined nitrogen on nitrogen fixation of soybean as affected by cultivar and rhizobial strain,” Plant & Soil, 103, 45-50 (1987).
T.G. Patterson and T.A. Larue, “Nitrogen fixation by soybeans: seasonal and cultivar effects and comparison estimates,” Crop Sci, 23, 488-92 (1985).

Keywords

N-15 Stable Isotope

Isotope Dilution

Soybean Cultivars

Biological Nitrogen Fixation

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum

ن. پیرولی بیرانوند، ”بررسی اثرات متقـابل رقم گیـاه و سویـه باکتری 1.

روی توان تثبیت نیتروژن سویا در خاکهای مختلف،“ پایان نامه کارشناس ارشد خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران. صفحه 154 ( 1378).
1. FAO, “Legume inoculation and their use,” Rome, 110p (1984).
2. G. Hardarson, F.A. Blis, M.R. Cigales-Rivero, R.A. Henson, J.A. Kipe-Nolt, L. Longeri, A. Manrique, J.J. Pena-Cabriales, P.A.A. Pereira, C.A. Sanabria, S.M. Tsai, “Genotypic variation in biological nitrogen fixation by common bean,” Plant & Soil, 152(1), 59-70 (1993).
1. G. Hardarson, M. Golbs, S.K.A. Danso, “Nitrogen fixation in soybean as affected by nodulation pattern,” Soil Biol. Biochem, 21, 783-7 (1989).
2. M.B. Peoples, D.F. Herridge, J.K. Ladha, “Biological nitrogen fixation: An efficient source of nitrogen for sustainable agricultural production,” Plant & Soil, 174, 3-28 (1995).
3. S.P. Wani, O.P. Ruple, K.K. Lee, “Sustainable agriculture in the semi- arid tropics through biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes,” Plant & Soil, 174, 29-49 (1995).
4. H.H. Keyser and F.Li, “Potential for increasing biological nitrogen fixation in soybean,” Plant and Soil, 141, 119- 35 (1992).
5. D.F. Herridge and S.K.A Danso, “Enhancing crop logume N2 fixation through selection and breeding,” Plant & Soil, 174, 51-82 (1995).
6. P. Somaseagran and H.J. Hoben, “Handbook for Rhizobia, Methods in legume rhizobium technology, laboratory manual,” Springer- Verlag New York, Inc. 450 P (1994).
7. D.P. Beck, L.A. Materon, F. Afandi, “Practical Rhizobium- Legume Technology,” Manual No 19 ICARDA, 340p (1993).
8. G. Hardarson, “Use of nuclear techniques in studies of soil- plant relation- ships,” Training course series No. 2 publishing IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 223p (1990).
1. S.K.A. Danso, C. Hera, C. Douka, “Nitrogen fixation in soybean as in fluenced by cultivar and Rhizobium strain,” Plant & Soil, 99, 163- 74 (1987).
2. W.R. Fehr, C.E. Caviness, D.T. Burmood, J.S. Pennington, “State of development descreptions for soybeans,” Crop Sci, 11, 929-31 (1971).
3. N. Burias and C. Plachon, “Increasing soybean productivity through selection for nitrogen fixation,” Agron. J, 82, 1031- 34 (1990).
4. K.E. Giller, P.T.C. Nambiar, B. Strinivasa Rao, P.J. Dart, J.M. Day, “A comparison of nitrogen fixation in genotypes of groundnut using ¹⁵N- isotope dilution,” Biol. Fertil. Soils, 5, 23-25 (1987).
1. R.D. Guffy, R.M. Varden Heuvel, B.L. Valsilas, R.L. Nelson, M.A. Frobish, J.D. Hesketh, “Evaluation of the N2- fixation capacity of four soybean genotypes by several methods,” Plant & Soil, 21(3), 339-42 (1989).
2. R. Senaratne, C. Amornpimol, G. Hardarson, “Effect of combined nitrogen on nitrogen fixation of soybean as affected by cultivar and rhizobial strain,” Plant & Soil, 103, 45-50 (1987).
3. T.G. Patterson and T.A. Larue, “Nitrogen fixation by soybeans: seasonal and cultivar effects and comparison estimates,” Crop Sci, 23, 488-92 (1985).