Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Investigation and Determination of Trace Amounts of Chloride in Zirconium with Turbidimetric and Nephelometric Methods

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

M Baninajarian
M Ravanbod
M Aghahoseini
Abstract
A precise procedure is used for determination of chloride in the nuclear grade zircaloy (containing <20 ppm chloride) which is necessary in the nuclear industry. In this investigation, an appropriate method for chemical analysis of chloride in zirconium metal and zirconium alloys is developed. In this approach the effective parameters in Turbidity such as pH, residence time of solutions in darkness, silver ion concentration and light effects have been  investigated and optimized. The proposed method is compared with the spectrophotometric determination of chloride by mercury (II) thiocyanate through calibration and standard addition methods. The obtained results by turbidimetric and nephelometric methods are confirmed with the spectrophotometric method. In the range of 0.1-2 ppm, the concentration and turbidity are linearly related, having a correlation coefficient of r = 0.997. The detection limit of the proposed method is 0.03 ppm and the relative standard deviation for five repeated experiments of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ppm of chloride are 9.0, 6.2, 3.0 and 2.0 percent, respectively.

Highlights

  1. M.Ma. Benjamin, “Nuclear Reactor Materials and Applications,” Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc, New York (1983).

     

  2. J.M. Cohen and M.I. Gomez, “Analysis by nuclear reactions and activation,” J. of Radioanalytical Chemistry, 67, 393 (1981).

     

  3. J. Chalk. Stuart and F. Tyson. Julian, “Determination of chioride by flow injection spectrophotometry with membranc reagent introduction,” Analytica Chimica Acta, 366, 147 (1998).

     

  4. Andrade- Eiroa, A. Erustes, J.A. Forteza, R. Cerda, V. Lima, J.L.F.C., “Determination of chloride by multisyringe flow injection analysis and sequential injection analysis with potentiometric detection,” Analytica Chimica Acta, 467, 25 (2002).

     

  5. J.A. Morales, L.S. Graterol, J.J. Mesa, “Determination of chloridc, sulfate and nitrate in groundwater samples by ion chromatography,” J. of Chromatography A, 884, 185 (2000).

     

  6. P. Parvinen and H.J. Lajunen, “Determination of chloride in drinking and ground water by AICI molecular absorption spectromctry using graphite furnace atomic absorption specivometer,” Talanta, 50, 67 (1999).

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

  7. R.M. Speights, J.D. Brooks, A.J. Barnard, “Determination of chloride in aluminum hydroxide gels by use of a chloride- selective electrode,”  J. Pharm. Sci., 60, 748 (1971).

     

  8. A. Vogel, “Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis,” 4th Ed., Longman, P. 808 (1978).

     

  9. A.I. Okoh, A.O. Olaniran, P. Golishin “Dechlorination of 1,2- dichloroethane by pseudomonas aeruginosa OKL isolated from a wastc dumpsite in Nigeria,” African Journal of Biotechnology, 3, 10, 508-511 (2004).

     

  10. J.D. Ingle and S.R. Crouch, “Spectrochemical Analysis,” 1st, Ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, p. 10 (1988).

     

  11. L.L. Gary and J.D. Weinfordner, “Limits of detection: are they real,” Anal. Chem., 55, 712 (1983).

Keywords

Zirconium
Chloride
Turbidimetry
Nephelometry
Spectrophotometers
pH Value-Quantitative Chemical Analysis

  1. M.Ma. Benjamin, “Nuclear Reactor Materials and Applications,” Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc, New York (1983).

     

  2. J.M. Cohen and M.I. Gomez, “Analysis by nuclear reactions and activation,” J. of Radioanalytical Chemistry, 67, 393 (1981).

     

  3. J. Chalk. Stuart and F. Tyson. Julian, “Determination of chioride by flow injection spectrophotometry with membranc reagent introduction,” Analytica Chimica Acta, 366, 147 (1998).

     

  4. Andrade- Eiroa, A. Erustes, J.A. Forteza, R. Cerda, V. Lima, J.L.F.C., “Determination of chloride by multisyringe flow injection analysis and sequential injection analysis with potentiometric detection,” Analytica Chimica Acta, 467, 25 (2002).

     

  5. J.A. Morales, L.S. Graterol, J.J. Mesa, “Determination of chloridc, sulfate and nitrate in groundwater samples by ion chromatography,” J. of Chromatography A, 884, 185 (2000).

     

  6. P. Parvinen and H.J. Lajunen, “Determination of chloride in drinking and ground water by AICI molecular absorption spectromctry using graphite furnace atomic absorption specivometer,” Talanta, 50, 67 (1999).

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

  7. R.M. Speights, J.D. Brooks, A.J. Barnard, “Determination of chloride in aluminum hydroxide gels by use of a chloride- selective electrode,”  J. Pharm. Sci., 60, 748 (1971).

     

  8. A. Vogel, “Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis,” 4th Ed., Longman, P. 808 (1978).

     

  9. A.I. Okoh, A.O. Olaniran, P. Golishin “Dechlorination of 1,2- dichloroethane by pseudomonas aeruginosa OKL isolated from a wastc dumpsite in Nigeria,” African Journal of Biotechnology, 3, 10, 508-511 (2004).

     

  10. J.D. Ingle and S.R. Crouch, “Spectrochemical Analysis,” 1st, Ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, p. 10 (1988).

     

  11. L.L. Gary and J.D. Weinfordner, “Limits of detection: are they real,” Anal. Chem., 55, 712 (1983).

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