Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
In this work, during the nuclear reaction of natCd (p, xn)111In, the irradiated cadmium target was dissolved in 3 M nitric acid. It was passed through a cation exchange column, containing 4 g. of AG 50W-X8,and then was separated from cadmium and copper impurities by using a simple two stage procedure. At the first stage, cadmium was eluted with acetone-water-hydrobromic acid solution. At the second stage, indium was eluted with acetone-water-hydrochloric acid solution. The effluent was evaporated to dry and the residue was dissolved in 0.01M hydrochloric acid. The overall yield of the procedure was 95 ± 1 percent and the amount of cadmium and copper contamination were 0.3 and 0.1 ppm, respectively.
Highlights
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G.V.S. Rayclada and L.G. Colombetti, “Radiotracers for Medical Applications,” CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1983).
-
W.J. Nicekarz and A. A. Caretto, “Production of 111In and 114mIn from the separated isotopes of cadmium using 70 to 400Mev protons,” Phys. Rev.,178, 1887-93 (1969).
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N.G. Zaitseva, O. Knotek, A. Kowalewand, P. Mikecz, E. Rurarz, V.A. Ageev, A.A. Klyuchnikov, L.A. Kuzina, F. Linev, “Excitation function and yield for 111In production using 113,114,natCd (p,2n) 111In reactions with 65 MeV protons,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 41, 177-183 (1990).
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N.S. McDonald and H. H.Neely, “Methods for compact cyclotron production of 111In for medical use,” Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 26, 631 (1975).
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Rieman and Walton, “Ion Exchange in Analytical Chemistry, ” CRC press, (1970).
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K.A. Kraus and F. Nelson, “Anion exchange studies of the fisson products, proceedings of the international conference on the peaceful uses of atomic energy”, Geneva, 7, 113,(1955), United Nations, NewYork (1956).
-
E.C. Freiling and L.R. Bummey, “Ion exchange as a separations method.VII. Near- Optimum conditions for the separation of fission products of rare earths with lactic acid eluent at 87 oC”, J. Chem. Soc., 76, 1021 (1954).
-
I. J. Gruverman and P. Kruger, “Cyclotron–Produced Carrier – Free Radioisotopes,”Int.J.Appl. Radiat.Isot., 5, 21-31 (1953).
-
A.I. Novikov, “Coprecepitiation of small amount of various cations and anions with metal hydroxides,” Nauk. uz. SSr. Z., 2, 460-465 (1960).
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R.A. Wood, S.T. Wakakuwa, N.S. Macdonald, “The carrier–free isolation of indium from silver and cadmium by liquid–liquid extraction,” J. Inorg .Nucl.Chem, 34, 3517-3522 (1972).
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S. Chattopaddhyay, M.K. Das, B.R. Sarkar, N. Ramamoorthy, “Radiochemical separation of high purity 111In from Cd, Cu, Al and trace of Iron: Use of a cation exchange resin with hydroboromic acid and hydrochloric acid,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 48, 1063-1067(1997).
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M.K. Das, S. Chattopaddhyay, B.R. Sarkar, N. Ramamoorthy, “A cation exchange method for separation of 111In from inactive silver, copper , traces of Iron radioactive Gallium and Zinc isotopes,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 48, 11-14 (1997).
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D.V. Filossofovand, N.A. Lebedev, A.F. Novgorodov, G.D. Bontchev, G.Y. Starodub, “Production concentration and deep purification of 111In radiochemical,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 55, 293-295 (2001).
-
F.W.E. Strelow, R. Rethemeyer, C.J.C. Bothoma., “Ion exchange selectivity scales for cation in nitric acid and sulfuric acid media with a sulfonated polystyrene resin,” Anal. Chem., 37, 106-111 (1965).
-
F.W.E. Strelow, “Distribution coefficient and cation exchange behavior of elements in hydrochloric acid-acetone,” Anal. Chem., 43, 870-879 (1971).
-
F.W.E. Strelow, M.D. Hanfkom, A.H. Victor, “Distribution coefficient and cation exchange behavior of elements in hydrobromic acid-acetone,” Anal. Chim. Acta, 79, 377-391 (1975).
-
J.S. Fritz and A.R. Thomas, “Separation of metal by cation exchange in acetone- hydrochloric acid,” Anal. Chem., 34, 1562-1566 (1962).
-
“The united state pharmacopoeia” printed by national publishing, Philadelphila, 24th ed., 870-871 (2000).
-
“European pharmacopoeia”, printed and published by Maisonneure S.A., second edition, 670, (1990).
-
“Remington pharmaceutical science”, Mack publishing company, Pensilvania, 18th ed., 859, (1995).
Keywords
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G.V.S. Rayclada and L.G. Colombetti, “Radiotracers for Medical Applications,” CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1983).
-
W.J. Nicekarz and A. A. Caretto, “Production of 111In and 114mIn from the separated isotopes of cadmium using 70 to 400Mev protons,” Phys. Rev.,178, 1887-93 (1969).
-
N.G. Zaitseva, O. Knotek, A. Kowalewand, P. Mikecz, E. Rurarz, V.A. Ageev, A.A. Klyuchnikov, L.A. Kuzina, F. Linev, “Excitation function and yield for 111In production using 113,114,natCd (p,2n) 111In reactions with 65 MeV protons,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 41, 177-183 (1990).
-
N.S. McDonald and H. H.Neely, “Methods for compact cyclotron production of 111In for medical use,” Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 26, 631 (1975).
-
Rieman and Walton, “Ion Exchange in Analytical Chemistry, ” CRC press, (1970).
-
K.A. Kraus and F. Nelson, “Anion exchange studies of the fisson products, proceedings of the international conference on the peaceful uses of atomic energy”, Geneva, 7, 113,(1955), United Nations, NewYork (1956).
-
E.C. Freiling and L.R. Bummey, “Ion exchange as a separations method.VII. Near- Optimum conditions for the separation of fission products of rare earths with lactic acid eluent at 87 oC”, J. Chem. Soc., 76, 1021 (1954).
-
I. J. Gruverman and P. Kruger, “Cyclotron–Produced Carrier – Free Radioisotopes,”Int.J.Appl. Radiat.Isot., 5, 21-31 (1953).
-
A.I. Novikov, “Coprecepitiation of small amount of various cations and anions with metal hydroxides,” Nauk. uz. SSr. Z., 2, 460-465 (1960).
-
R.A. Wood, S.T. Wakakuwa, N.S. Macdonald, “The carrier–free isolation of indium from silver and cadmium by liquid–liquid extraction,” J. Inorg .Nucl.Chem, 34, 3517-3522 (1972).
-
S. Chattopaddhyay, M.K. Das, B.R. Sarkar, N. Ramamoorthy, “Radiochemical separation of high purity 111In from Cd, Cu, Al and trace of Iron: Use of a cation exchange resin with hydroboromic acid and hydrochloric acid,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 48, 1063-1067(1997).
-
M.K. Das, S. Chattopaddhyay, B.R. Sarkar, N. Ramamoorthy, “A cation exchange method for separation of 111In from inactive silver, copper , traces of Iron radioactive Gallium and Zinc isotopes,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 48, 11-14 (1997).
-
D.V. Filossofovand, N.A. Lebedev, A.F. Novgorodov, G.D. Bontchev, G.Y. Starodub, “Production concentration and deep purification of 111In radiochemical,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 55, 293-295 (2001).
-
F.W.E. Strelow, R. Rethemeyer, C.J.C. Bothoma., “Ion exchange selectivity scales for cation in nitric acid and sulfuric acid media with a sulfonated polystyrene resin,” Anal. Chem., 37, 106-111 (1965).
-
F.W.E. Strelow, “Distribution coefficient and cation exchange behavior of elements in hydrochloric acid-acetone,” Anal. Chem., 43, 870-879 (1971).
-
F.W.E. Strelow, M.D. Hanfkom, A.H. Victor, “Distribution coefficient and cation exchange behavior of elements in hydrobromic acid-acetone,” Anal. Chim. Acta, 79, 377-391 (1975).
-
J.S. Fritz and A.R. Thomas, “Separation of metal by cation exchange in acetone- hydrochloric acid,” Anal. Chem., 34, 1562-1566 (1962).
-
“The united state pharmacopoeia” printed by national publishing, Philadelphila, 24th ed., 870-871 (2000).
-
“European pharmacopoeia”, printed and published by Maisonneure S.A., second edition, 670, (1990).
-
“Remington pharmaceutical science”, Mack publishing company, Pensilvania, 18th ed., 859, (1995).