In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Selenium-75 was prepared in no-carrier-added elemental form by proton bombardment of a compressed natural arsenous trioxide disc. The chemical separation process was performed using solvent-solvent extraction method, which resulted in the extraction of selenium in organic phase. After the initial spectroscopic analysis, elemental selenium was oxidized to [75Se] selenium dioxide and reacted with ethyl acetoacetate semicarbazone in acetic acid as the solvent to produce [75Se]- 5- ethoxycarbonyl - 4- methyl-1, 2, 3- selenadiazole as a prototype. The labeled compound was purified by chemical methods and quality control tests (radionuclidic, radiochemical, chemical purity and apyrogenicity-sterility tests) were performed, which confirmed the optimum purity of the final product.

Highlights

1.  K. J. Weeks and R. J. Schulz, “Selenium - 75: A potential source for use in high activity brachytherapy irrdiators,” Med. Phys. 13(5), (1986).

 

2.  J. E. Agnew, M. Maze, C. J. Mitchell, “Pancratic scanning,” Brit. J. Radiol., No. 49, 979-995 (1976).

 

3. Y. Goriya, M. Hoshi, N. Etani, K. Kimura, M. Shichiri, Y. Shigeta, “Dynamic study of exocrine function of the pancreas in diabetes mellitus with scintigraphy using 75Se-selenomethionine,” J. Nucl. Med., 16(4), 270-274 (1974).

 

4. E. N. Denisov, “Results of the clinical use of 75Se-selenomethionine,” J. Med. Radiol., 31(4), 5-9 (1986).

 

5. Amersham International PLC, Bucks, England, 4.55 - 4.59 (1990).

 

6. L. A. Hawkins, K. E. Britton, B. Shapiro, “Selenium-75 selenomethyl cholesterol: A new agent for quantitative functional scintigraphy of the adrenals: Physical aspects,” Brit. J. Radiol., 53, 883-889 (1980).

 

7. T. Hara, “Production of 73Se in cyclotron and its uptake in tumors of mice,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 24, 377-384 (1973).

 

 

 
 

15

 

 

 


8. M. Jereb, “Radiation dose to the human body from intravenuously administered 75Se-sodium selenite,” J. Nucl. Med., 16(9), 846-850 (1975).

 

9. A. H. G. Paterson, “Clinical and experimental studies of selenium-75-labeled compounds,” Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vinna, 63-67 (1976).

 

10. R. Ferraris, R. Jazrawi, C. Bridges, T. C. Northfield, “Use of a gamma-labeled bile acid (75Se-HCAT)as a test of ileal function, Methods of improving accuracy,” Gastrointerology, GAST-A,VP. (1986).

 

11.R. G. Soundy, “Absorbed dose to man from the Se-75 labeled conjugated bile salt Se-HCAT:concise communication,” J. Nucl. Med., 23(2), 157-161 (1982).

 

12. H. Amaral, “Whole body retention of 75Se-homotaurocholic acid (SeBCAT) using a gamma camera: A new test in chronic diarrhea,” J. Nucl. Med., 26(5), 92 (1985).

 

13. S. Sadek, G. Basmadjian, A. Patel, “Synthesis and biodistribution of [125I] iodo- and [75Se] seleno - ergoline derivatives,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 38(5), 391-397 (1988).

 

14. P. Basmadjian, “A new selenium-75 labeled radiopharmaceutical: Selenonium analogues of dopamine,” J. Med. Chem. 26(7), 947-950 (1983).

 

 

15. H. Kung and M. Blau, “Synthesis of selenium-75 labeled tertiary diamines: New brain imaging agents,” J. Med. Chem., 23(10), 1127-1130 (1980).

 

16. A. R. Jalilian and A. Shafiee, “Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,5-Dihydronaphtho [1,2-d]1,2,3-thia- or selenadiazole derivatives,” 18th International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry- Pacifico-Yokohama, Japan, July 29th to Aug 3rd  (2001).

 

17. A. Shafiee, A. R. Jalilian, B. Rezaei, “Selenium heterocycles XLIV. Synthesis of 8, 9-dihydro-1, 2, 3 – thiadiazolo [4, 5 - a] 4, 7 -dihydroxynaphthalenes and 1, 2, 3 –selenadiazolo [4, 5 - a] 4, 7 –dimethoxynaphthalene,” J. Heterocyclic Chem., 37, 1325 (2000).

 

18. A. Plenevaux and M. Guillaume, “Chemical processing for production of no carrier added selenium,” Appl. Radiat. Isot, 41(9), 829-838 (1990).

 

19. A. D. Nunn and S. L. Waters, “Target materials for the cyclotron production of carrier-free 77Br,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 26, 731-735.

 

20. K. W. Bagnall, “Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium,” Oxford, Pergamon Press, 938-945 (1973).

 

21. J. Clavilier, “Electrochemical behaviour of the Pt(111)-As system in acidic medium: Adsorbed hydrogen and hydrogen reaction,” J. Electroanal. Chem,  294, 123-135 (1990).

 

22. A. Mushtaq and G. Blessing, “Production of 73Se via (p,3n) and (d,4n) reactions on Arsenic,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 39(10), 1085-1091 (1988).

 

23. G. Blessing and S. M. Qaim, “An improved internal Cu3As-alloy cyclotron target for the production of 75Br and 77Br and separation of by-product 67Ga from the matrix activity,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 35(10), 927-931 (1984).

 

24. S. M. Qaim and G. Blessing, “Production of longer-lived positron emitters 73Se, 82Rbm and 124I” In: J. C. Cornell.,” Cyclotrons and their applications,” New Jersey, World Scintific, 541-544 (1995).

 

25. J. J. Labrecque, “Nondispersive X-ray fluoresence in the study of rapid radiochemical separation of selenium from arsenic, germanium and zinc,” J. Radioanal. Chem., 14, 455-460 (1973).

 

26. B. Modrova, “The separation of carrier-free 72Se from a germanium oxide target,” J. Radioanal.Chem., 53(1-2), 299-305 (1979).

 

27. T. Nozaki, Y. Itoh, K. Ogawa, “Yeild of 73Se for various reactions and its chemical processing,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 30, 595-599.

 

28. A. Townsend, Encyclopedia of analytical scince, NewYork, Academic Press, 8, 4572 (1995).

Keywords

1.  K. J. Weeks and R. J. Schulz, “Selenium - 75: A potential source for use in high activity brachytherapy irrdiators,” Med. Phys. 13(5), (1986).
 
2.  J. E. Agnew, M. Maze, C. J. Mitchell, “Pancratic scanning,” Brit. J. Radiol., No. 49, 979-995 (1976).
 
3. Y. Goriya, M. Hoshi, N. Etani, K. Kimura, M. Shichiri, Y. Shigeta, “Dynamic study of exocrine function of the pancreas in diabetes mellitus with scintigraphy using 75Se-selenomethionine,” J. Nucl. Med., 16(4), 270-274 (1974).
 
4. E. N. Denisov, “Results of the clinical use of 75Se-selenomethionine,” J. Med. Radiol., 31(4), 5-9 (1986).
 
5. Amersham International PLC, Bucks, England, 4.55 - 4.59 (1990).
 
6. L. A. Hawkins, K. E. Britton, B. Shapiro, “Selenium-75 selenomethyl cholesterol: A new agent for quantitative functional scintigraphy of the adrenals: Physical aspects,” Brit. J. Radiol., 53, 883-889 (1980).
 
7. T. Hara, “Production of 73Se in cyclotron and its uptake in tumors of mice,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 24, 377-384 (1973).
 
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
8. M. Jereb, “Radiation dose to the human body from intravenuously administered 75Se-sodium selenite,” J. Nucl. Med., 16(9), 846-850 (1975).
 
9. A. H. G. Paterson, “Clinical and experimental studies of selenium-75-labeled compounds,” Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vinna, 63-67 (1976).
 
10. R. Ferraris, R. Jazrawi, C. Bridges, T. C. Northfield, “Use of a gamma-labeled bile acid (75Se-HCAT)as a test of ileal function, Methods of improving accuracy,” Gastrointerology, GAST-A,VP. (1986).
 
11.R. G. Soundy, “Absorbed dose to man from the Se-75 labeled conjugated bile salt Se-HCAT:concise communication,” J. Nucl. Med., 23(2), 157-161 (1982).
 
12. H. Amaral, “Whole body retention of 75Se-homotaurocholic acid (SeBCAT) using a gamma camera: A new test in chronic diarrhea,” J. Nucl. Med., 26(5), 92 (1985).
 
13. S. Sadek, G. Basmadjian, A. Patel, “Synthesis and biodistribution of [125I] iodo- and [75Se] seleno - ergoline derivatives,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 38(5), 391-397 (1988).
 
14. P. Basmadjian, “A new selenium-75 labeled radiopharmaceutical: Selenonium analogues of dopamine,” J. Med. Chem. 26(7), 947-950 (1983).
 
 
15. H. Kung and M. Blau, “Synthesis of selenium-75 labeled tertiary diamines: New brain imaging agents,” J. Med. Chem., 23(10), 1127-1130 (1980).
 
16. A. R. Jalilian and A. Shafiee, “Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,5-Dihydronaphtho [1,2-d]1,2,3-thia- or selenadiazole derivatives,” 18th International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry- Pacifico-Yokohama, Japan, July 29th to Aug 3rd  (2001).
 
17. A. Shafiee, A. R. Jalilian, B. Rezaei, “Selenium heterocycles XLIV. Synthesis of 8, 9-dihydro-1, 2, 3 – thiadiazolo [4, 5 - a] 4, 7 -dihydroxynaphthalenes and 1, 2, 3 –selenadiazolo [4, 5 - a] 4, 7 –dimethoxynaphthalene,” J. Heterocyclic Chem., 37, 1325 (2000).
 
18. A. Plenevaux and M. Guillaume, “Chemical processing for production of no carrier added selenium,” Appl. Radiat. Isot, 41(9), 829-838 (1990).
 
19. A. D. Nunn and S. L. Waters, “Target materials for the cyclotron production of carrier-free 77Br,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 26, 731-735.
 
20. K. W. Bagnall, “Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium,” Oxford, Pergamon Press, 938-945 (1973).
 
21. J. Clavilier, “Electrochemical behaviour of the Pt(111)-As system in acidic medium: Adsorbed hydrogen and hydrogen reaction,” J. Electroanal. Chem,  294, 123-135 (1990).
 
22. A. Mushtaq and G. Blessing, “Production of 73Se via (p,3n) and (d,4n) reactions on Arsenic,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 39(10), 1085-1091 (1988).
 
23. G. Blessing and S. M. Qaim, “An improved internal Cu3As-alloy cyclotron target for the production of 75Br and 77Br and separation of by-product 67Ga from the matrix activity,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 35(10), 927-931 (1984).
 
24. S. M. Qaim and G. Blessing, “Production of longer-lived positron emitters 73Se, 82Rbm and 124I” In: J. C. Cornell.,” Cyclotrons and their applications,” New Jersey, World Scintific, 541-544 (1995).
 
25. J. J. Labrecque, “Nondispersive X-ray fluoresence in the study of rapid radiochemical separation of selenium from arsenic, germanium and zinc,” J. Radioanal. Chem., 14, 455-460 (1973).
 
26. B. Modrova, “The separation of carrier-free 72Se from a germanium oxide target,” J. Radioanal.Chem., 53(1-2), 299-305 (1979).
 
27. T. Nozaki, Y. Itoh, K. Ogawa, “Yeild of 73Se for various reactions and its chemical processing,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., 30, 595-599.
 
28. A. Townsend, Encyclopedia of analytical scince, NewYork, Academic Press, 8, 4572 (1995).