Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Optimization of Trace Elements Determination (Arsenic and Chromium) in Blood and Serum of Human by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

M.A Ahmadi Faghih
F Aflaki
Abstract
Trace elements play an important role in the biophysiology of cells by affecting their growth and contributions to various biological processes such as wound healing. Determination of toxic trace elements in biological fluids is an important subject of interest for toxicological purposes. Increasing the concentration of these elements in the blood levels, cause serious diseases in patients. Recently instrumental analysis procedures such as atomic absorption spectrometry have been used in clinical measurements for determination of many toxic trace elements in the biological samples. In this paper we are reporting the study of various methods of blood and serum samples preparation for determining the toxic trace elements of Arsenic and Chromium. The measurement of this elements performed by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The best and reliable results for Chromium analysis was achived by injection of diluted serum samples, where the samples were diluted with HCl 0.1N. In Arsenic analysis, the best results obtained by extraction of blood with aqueous solution of TCA. For determining all of these elements the RSD% was less than 5%.

Highlights

  1. E. Sievers, T. Arpe, U. Schleyerbach, D. Garbe- Schonberg and J. Schaub, “Plsma selenium in preterm and term infants during the firest 12 months of life,” J.Trace Elements Med. Bio. 14. pp. 218-222 (2001).

     

  2. C. D. Thomson, M. A. Packer, J. A. Butler, A. J. Duffield, K. L. Odonaghue, P. D. Whanger, “Urinary selenium and iodine during pregnancy and lactation,” J. Trace Elements Med. Bio. 14. pp. 210-217 (2001).

     

3.E. Rothery, “Analytical methods for graphite tube atomizers,” Varian Australia Pty Ltd Mulgrave, Vietoria, Australia Publication No. 85-100848-00 September (1988).

 

4.  I. Al-Saleh, “Selenium status in Saudi Arabic,” J. Trace Elements Med. Bio. 14, pp. 154-160 (2000).

 

5.  W. Leinfelder, K. Forchhammer, F. Zinoni, “Escherichia Coli Genes Whose Products are Involved in Selenium Metabolism,”  The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine, 14, 227-240 (2001).

 

6.   R.  Van  Cauwenberg ,  H. Robberecht  and  H. Deelstra, “Selenium concentration levels in whole blood of Belgian blood bank donors, as determined by direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,”  J. Trace  Elem. Electrolytes Health Dis. 4, pp. 215-224 (1990).

 

7. Y. Pegon, “Direct determination of arsenic in blood serum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry,” Analytical Chemica Acta, 172, pp. 147-156 (1985).

 

8. Seth Schonwald, Matthew J. Ellenhorn, “Medical Toxicology,” Lippincott Williams and Wilkins LTD (1999).

 

9. Minoia C. et al. “Trace element reference values tissues from inhabitants of the European communit,” Sci. Total Envir. 95, 89 (1990).

 

10. Carl A. Burtis, Edward R. Ashwood, “Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry,” 4th ed W. B. Saunders Company (1996).

 

11. Versieck J. and Cornielis R. “Normal levels of trace elements in human blood plasma or serum,” Anal. Chem. Acta 116, 217. (1980).

 

12. John Edward Cantle, “Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,” lsevier Scientific Publishing Company INC. (1982).

 

13. Olle Nygren, Carel - Axel Nilsson, “Determination of lead in blood using flow injection and a Nebuliser interface for flame atomic absorption spectrometry,” J. Analyst, 113, pp. 591-594 (1988).

 

14. Jon C. Van Loon, “Analytical atomic absorption spectroscopy,” Academic Press, INC. (1980).

 

15. Kenneth W. Jackson, “Electrothermal atomization for analytical atomic absorption spectroscopy,” John Wiley and Sons LTD (1999).

 

Keywords

trace elements
atomic absorption spectrometry
electrothermal

  1. E. Sievers, T. Arpe, U. Schleyerbach, D. Garbe- Schonberg and J. Schaub, “Plsma selenium in preterm and term infants during the firest 12 months of life,” J.Trace Elements Med. Bio. 14. pp. 218-222 (2001).

     

  2. C. D. Thomson, M. A. Packer, J. A. Butler, A. J. Duffield, K. L. Odonaghue, P. D. Whanger, “Urinary selenium and iodine during pregnancy and lactation,” J. Trace Elements Med. Bio. 14. pp. 210-217 (2001).

     

3.E. Rothery, “Analytical methods for graphite tube atomizers,” Varian Australia Pty Ltd Mulgrave, Vietoria, Australia Publication No. 85-100848-00 September (1988).

 

4.  I. Al-Saleh, “Selenium status in Saudi Arabic,” J. Trace Elements Med. Bio. 14, pp. 154-160 (2000).

 

5.  W. Leinfelder, K. Forchhammer, F. Zinoni, “Escherichia Coli Genes Whose Products are Involved in Selenium Metabolism,”  The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine, 14, 227-240 (2001).

 

6.   R.  Van  Cauwenberg ,  H. Robberecht  and  H. Deelstra, “Selenium concentration levels in whole blood of Belgian blood bank donors, as determined by direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,”  J. Trace  Elem. Electrolytes Health Dis. 4, pp. 215-224 (1990).

 

7. Y. Pegon, “Direct determination of arsenic in blood serum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry,” Analytical Chemica Acta, 172, pp. 147-156 (1985).

 

8. Seth Schonwald, Matthew J. Ellenhorn, “Medical Toxicology,” Lippincott Williams and Wilkins LTD (1999).

 

9. Minoia C. et al. “Trace element reference values tissues from inhabitants of the European communit,” Sci. Total Envir. 95, 89 (1990).

 

10. Carl A. Burtis, Edward R. Ashwood, “Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry,” 4th ed W. B. Saunders Company (1996).

 

11. Versieck J. and Cornielis R. “Normal levels of trace elements in human blood plasma or serum,” Anal. Chem. Acta 116, 217. (1980).

 

12. John Edward Cantle, “Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,” lsevier Scientific Publishing Company INC. (1982).

 

13. Olle Nygren, Carel - Axel Nilsson, “Determination of lead in blood using flow injection and a Nebuliser interface for flame atomic absorption spectrometry,” J. Analyst, 113, pp. 591-594 (1988).

 

14. Jon C. Van Loon, “Analytical atomic absorption spectroscopy,” Academic Press, INC. (1980).

 

15. Kenneth W. Jackson, “Electrothermal atomization for analytical atomic absorption spectroscopy,” John Wiley and Sons LTD (1999).

 

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