Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
In cooperation with the Iranian Nuclear Society

Comparison of the effect of high-energy proton pulse radiation produced in a plasma focus device on hard metals

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

M.M.R. SeyedHabashi

Plasma and Nuclear Fusion Research Institute, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 14399-51113, Tehran - Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2024.1594
Abstract
In this research, the effects of high-energy proton bombardment produced by the plasma focus device on the surface morphology and structural parameters of tungsten and molybdenum were investigated. Tungsten and molybdenum samples, placed 6 cm from the anode head, were irradiated with hydrogen ions for 20 discharges. The samples were examined before and after irradiation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM results revealed blisters, cracks, and surface melting on both tungsten and molybdenum samples due to high-energy proton irradiation. To characterize the ion beam of the plasma focus device, Lee's code was employed. Lee's code indicated approximately 7.9 × 1014 ions are emitted from the plasma column in each discharge. Additionally, the SRIM code was used to calculate damage caused by tungsten and molybdenum. In addition, it calculated the hydrogen density at various depths within the materials. According to the SRIM code results, the maximum value of displacements per atom (dpa) per shot for tungsten and molybdenum samples irradiated with hydrogen ions was estimated to be 0.025 and 0.014, respectively, at depths of 150 nm and 250 nm. Moreover, the maximum concentration of hydrogen ions in the irradiated samples of tungsten and molybdenum at depths of 150 nm and 250 nm was 0.4% and 0.035%, respectively.

Highlights

  1. Takamura S, Miyamoto T, Tomida Y, Minagawa T, Ohno N. Investigation on the effect of temperature excursion on the helium defects of tungsten surface by using compact plasma device. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2011;415:S100-S103.

 

  1. Dutta N, Buzarbaruah N, Mohanty S, Damage studies on tungsten due to helium ion irradiation. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2014;452:51-56.

 

  1. Bolt H, Barabash V, Krauss W, Linke J, Neu R, Suzuki S, Yoshida N, Team A.U. Materials for the plasma-facing components of fusion reactors. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2004;329:66-73.

 

  1. Asgarian M.A, Seyedhabashi M.M.R, Bidabadi B.S, Rasouli C, Sedighi F. Radiation damage of tungsten surface irradiated with high-energy hydrogen and helium beams of plasma focus device. Fusion Engineering and Design. 2020;160:112007.

 

  1. Sun L, Jin S, Li X.-C, Zhang Y, Lu G.-H. Hydrogen behaviors in molybdenum and tungsten and a generic vacancy trapping mechanism for H bubble formation. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2013;434:395-401.

 

  1. Cui Y, Lu N, Niu C, Lv J, Liu W, Chen C, Ni W, Mei X, Lei G, Song J. The evolution of hydrogen bubbles during ion irradiation and annealing in molybdenum for neutral beam injection inductively coupled plasma source. Nuclear Materials and Energy. 2022;33:101298.

 

  1. Sedighi F, Rasouli C, Iraji D, Kouhi A, Rafi-Kheiri H, Rasouli H, Seyedhabashi M. Investigation of hydrogen glow discharge cleaning side effects on tungsten. Plasma Physics Reports. 2021;47:128-138.

 

  1. Seyedhabashi M.M.R, Asgarian M.A, Rasouli C, Sedighi F. Radiation Damage of Graphite Surface, Used in First-Wall and Divertor of Tokamaks, Irradiated by Hydrogen and Argon in Plasma Focus Device. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 2022;50:1814-1822.

 

  1. Seyedhabashi M, Shafiei S, Tafreshi M, Bidabadi B.S. Study of surface damage and hydrogen distribution in irradiated tungsten by protons in plasma focus device. Vacuum. 2020;175:109249.

 

  1. Sedighi F, Kouhi A, Iraji D, Rasouli C, Bidabadi B.S, Seyedhabashi M.M, Rasouli H. Damage study and comparison the effects of high-energy pulsed-protons of plasma focus device with low-energy protons of glow discharge plasma of tokamak. Plasma Research Express. 2020;2:035001.

 

  1. Seyedhabashi M.M.R, Tafreshi M.A, Shafiei S, Abdisaray A. Damage study of irradiated tungsten and copper using proton and argon ions of a plasma focus device. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2019;154:108875.

 

  1. Seyedhabashi M.M.R, Tafreshi M.A, Shafiei S, Nasiri A. Damage studies on irradiated tungsten by helium ions in a plasma focus device. Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2020;52:827-834.

 

  1. Chamani A, Abtahi S.M.M, Tafreshi M.A.H, Seyedhabashi M.M.R. The comparison of the destructive effects of high energy protons produced in a plasma focus device on copper and molybdenum. Radiation Safety and Measurement. 2021;10:19-30.

 

  1. Seyedhabashi M.M.R, Shirani Bidabadi B, Tafreshi M.A.H, Seddighi F, Nasiri A. Damage studies on irradiated tungsten by helium and argon ions in a plasma focus device. Radiation Safety and Measurement. 2020;9:1-12.

 

  1. Tafreshi M, Habashi M, Bidabadi B, Abdisaray A, Shafiei S, Nasiri A. Investigating the effects of high-energy pulsed protons on the surface and structural properties of copper and tungsten by MTPF-2 plasma focus device. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. 2020;41:100-109.

 

  1. Saw S.H, Damideh V, Ali J, Rawat R.S, Lee P, Lee S. Damage Study of Irradiated Tungsten using fast focus mode of a 2.2 kJ plasma focus. Vacuum. 2017;144:14-20.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum. 2017.07.002.

 

  1. Saw S, Damideh V, Ali J, Rawat R, Lee P, Lee S. Damage Study of Irradiated Tungsten using fast focus mode of a 2 kJ plasma focus. Vacuum. 2017;144:14-20.

 

  1. Bhuyan M, Mohanty S, Rao C, Rayjada P, Raole P. Plasma focus assisted damage studies on tungsten. Applied Surface Science. 2013;264:674-680.

 

  1. Niranjan R, Rout R, Srivastava R, Chakravarthy Y, Mishra P, Kaushik T, Gupta S.C. Surface modifications of fusion reactor relevant materials on exposure to fusion grade plasma in plasma focus device. Applied Surface Science. 2015;355:989-998.

Keywords

Plasma focus device
Plasma facing material
Tungsten
Molybdenum
Radiation damage
  1. Takamura S, Miyamoto T, Tomida Y, Minagawa T, Ohno N. Investigation on the effect of temperature excursion on the helium defects of tungsten surface by using compact plasma device. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2011;415:S100-S103.

 

  1. Dutta N, Buzarbaruah N, Mohanty S, Damage studies on tungsten due to helium ion irradiation. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2014;452:51-56.

 

  1. Bolt H, Barabash V, Krauss W, Linke J, Neu R, Suzuki S, Yoshida N, Team A.U. Materials for the plasma-facing components of fusion reactors. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2004;329:66-73.

 

  1. Asgarian M.A, Seyedhabashi M.M.R, Bidabadi B.S, Rasouli C, Sedighi F. Radiation damage of tungsten surface irradiated with high-energy hydrogen and helium beams of plasma focus device. Fusion Engineering and Design. 2020;160:112007.

 

  1. Sun L, Jin S, Li X.-C, Zhang Y, Lu G.-H. Hydrogen behaviors in molybdenum and tungsten and a generic vacancy trapping mechanism for H bubble formation. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2013;434:395-401.

 

  1. Cui Y, Lu N, Niu C, Lv J, Liu W, Chen C, Ni W, Mei X, Lei G, Song J. The evolution of hydrogen bubbles during ion irradiation and annealing in molybdenum for neutral beam injection inductively coupled plasma source. Nuclear Materials and Energy. 2022;33:101298.

 

  1. Sedighi F, Rasouli C, Iraji D, Kouhi A, Rafi-Kheiri H, Rasouli H, Seyedhabashi M. Investigation of hydrogen glow discharge cleaning side effects on tungsten. Plasma Physics Reports. 2021;47:128-138.

 

  1. Seyedhabashi M.M.R, Asgarian M.A, Rasouli C, Sedighi F. Radiation Damage of Graphite Surface, Used in First-Wall and Divertor of Tokamaks, Irradiated by Hydrogen and Argon in Plasma Focus Device. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 2022;50:1814-1822.

 

  1. Seyedhabashi M, Shafiei S, Tafreshi M, Bidabadi B.S. Study of surface damage and hydrogen distribution in irradiated tungsten by protons in plasma focus device. Vacuum. 2020;175:109249.

 

  1. Sedighi F, Kouhi A, Iraji D, Rasouli C, Bidabadi B.S, Seyedhabashi M.M, Rasouli H. Damage study and comparison the effects of high-energy pulsed-protons of plasma focus device with low-energy protons of glow discharge plasma of tokamak. Plasma Research Express. 2020;2:035001.

 

  1. Seyedhabashi M.M.R, Tafreshi M.A, Shafiei S, Abdisaray A. Damage study of irradiated tungsten and copper using proton and argon ions of a plasma focus device. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2019;154:108875.

 

  1. Seyedhabashi M.M.R, Tafreshi M.A, Shafiei S, Nasiri A. Damage studies on irradiated tungsten by helium ions in a plasma focus device. Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2020;52:827-834.

 

  1. Chamani A, Abtahi S.M.M, Tafreshi M.A.H, Seyedhabashi M.M.R. The comparison of the destructive effects of high energy protons produced in a plasma focus device on copper and molybdenum. Radiation Safety and Measurement. 2021;10:19-30.

 

  1. Seyedhabashi M.M.R, Shirani Bidabadi B, Tafreshi M.A.H, Seddighi F, Nasiri A. Damage studies on irradiated tungsten by helium and argon ions in a plasma focus device. Radiation Safety and Measurement. 2020;9:1-12.

 

  1. Tafreshi M, Habashi M, Bidabadi B, Abdisaray A, Shafiei S, Nasiri A. Investigating the effects of high-energy pulsed protons on the surface and structural properties of copper and tungsten by MTPF-2 plasma focus device. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. 2020;41:100-109.

 

  1. Saw S.H, Damideh V, Ali J, Rawat R.S, Lee P, Lee S. Damage Study of Irradiated Tungsten using fast focus mode of a 2.2 kJ plasma focus. Vacuum. 2017;144:14-20.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum. 2017.07.002.

 

  1. Saw S, Damideh V, Ali J, Rawat R, Lee P, Lee S. Damage Study of Irradiated Tungsten using fast focus mode of a 2 kJ plasma focus. Vacuum. 2017;144:14-20.

 

  1. Bhuyan M, Mohanty S, Rao C, Rayjada P, Raole P. Plasma focus assisted damage studies on tungsten. Applied Surface Science. 2013;264:674-680.

 

  1. Niranjan R, Rout R, Srivastava R, Chakravarthy Y, Mishra P, Kaushik T, Gupta S.C. Surface modifications of fusion reactor relevant materials on exposure to fusion grade plasma in plasma focus device. Applied Surface Science. 2015;355:989-998.
Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology (JONSAT)
Volume 45, Issue 3 - Serial Number 109
October 2024
Pages 103-111

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