Evaluation of Natural Ventilation Efficiency in Reducing Radon Concentration in an Apartment Unit Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Azarvand-Hassanfard, B.; Gholami, M.

doi:10.24200/nst.2025.1721.2071

Evaluation of Natural Ventilation Efficiency in Reducing Radon Concentration in an Apartment Unit Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

B. Azarvand-Hassanfard

M. Gholami

Department of Physics, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2025.1721.2071

Abstract

The radioactive radon gas infiltrates enclosed spaces through building materials and soil, and its accumulation in buildings with inadequate ventilation can pose health risks to residents. This study simulates and analyzes the impact of ventilation rates and building interior geometry on airflow patterns and radon distribution in an apartment unit using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The simulation results showed that the behavior of airflow and radon accumulation under various ventilation rates cannot be precisely predicted. Despite a reduction in average radon concentration due to increased ventilation rates, localized radon buildup occurs in certain areas due to vortex flows, with concentrations in these spots reaching multiple times the average concentration. These findings highlight the limitations of natural ventilation in creating a stable and uniform flow pattern for the complete removal of radon from all areas within the interior space. Additionally, a comparison of simulation data with experimental measurements showed a good match, confirming the accuracy of the CFD model. The findings of this study indicate that to effectively reduce radon concentration in enclosed spaces, precise ventilation system design that considers airflow patterns and the complexities of spatial geometry is essential.

Keywords

Indoor Radon

Building Materials

Natural Ventilation

CFD Simulation

Fluent

Main Subjects