تهیه کامپوزیت گرافن اکسید- نیکل هگزاسیانو فرات برای حذف مؤثر استرانسیم از پسماندهای آبی: مشخصه‌یابی و کاربرد

دلیجه, نورالله; یوسفی, طاهر; آقایان, حسن; پروینی, مهدی; قاسمی مبتکر, حسین; یاوری, رامین

doi:10.24200/nst.2023.1342

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ پژوهشکده مهندسی شیمی گاز و نفت، دانشگاه سمنان. کدپستی: 19111-35131، سمنان - ایران

² پژوهشکده چرخه سوخت هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران- ایران

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2023.1342

چکیده

در این پژوهش ابتدا گرافن اکسید به روش هامر تهیه گردید و سپس نانو ذرات نیکل هگزاسیانو فرات روی آن تثبیت شد. محصول به وسیله میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) و طیف‌سنجی مادون قرمز تبدیل فوریه (FTIR) مشخصه‌یابی شد. نتایج این مشخصه‌یابی، موفقیت‌آمیز بودن تهیه گرافن اکسید و تثبیت نانوذرات بر روی آن را تأیید کردند. سپس ترکیب گرافن اکسید-نیکل هگزاسیانو فرات برای جذب یون استرانسیم از محیط آبی به روش پیمانه‌ای استفاده شد. اثر پارامترهای مهم مانند pH، زمان و غلظت اولیه استرانسیم بر روی میزان جذب بررسی شد. بررسی اثر pH نشان داد که جذب استرانسیم در محدوده 1 تا 7 افزایش یافته و بعد از رسیدن به حداکثر جذب، ثابت و یا به طور ناچیزی کاهش می‌یابد. در شرایط بهینه ظرفیت جذب حدود 140 میلی گرم بر گرم جاذب به دست آمد. داده‌های سینتیکی جذب یون‌های استرانسیم توسط گرافن اکسید اصلاح شده با مدل‌های سینتیکی شبه مرتبه اول و شبه مرتبه دوم بررسی و نتایج نشان دادند که داده‌های تجربی مطابقت بهتری با معادله سینتیکی شبه مرتبه دوم دارد (999_/0=²(R. هم‌چنین نتایج نشان می‌دهند که ایزوترم جذبی لانگمویر تطابق بهتری با فرایند جذب دارد (973_/0=²(R. بنابراین می‌توان گفت که نحوه پراکندگی جاذب در سطح و بین لایه‌ها به صورت هموژن می‌باشد و تثبیت جاذب با روش ذکر شده با پراکندگی مطلوب ذرات جاذب بر بستر گرافن اکسید انجام پذیرفته است. تخمین مقدار فاکتور جداسازی (1(0<R_L< با استفاده از نمودار لانگمویر نشان می‌دهد که فرایند جذب یون بر روی سطح جاذب مطلوب می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Preparation of graphene oxide and nickel hexacyanoferrate composite for the effective removal of strontium ion from aqueous solution; characterization and application

نویسندگان [English]

N. Delijeh ¹
T. Yousefi ²
H. Aghayan ²
M. Parvini ¹
H. Ghasemi Mobtaker ²
R. Yavari ²

¹ Gas and Petroleum Chemical Engineering School, Semnan University, Postal Code: 35131-19111, Semnan - Iran

² Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box:11365-8486, Tehran-Iran

چکیده [English]

In the current work, the graphene oxide was synthesized through Hummer’s method and modified with nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles. The product was characterized by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization results confirm the successful synthesis of graphene oxide and the immobilization of nanoparticles on it. The obtained graphene oxide-nickel hexacyanoferrate (GO-NiHCF) was applied for the removal of Sr(II) from the aqueous media in the batch method. The influence of effective factors such as pH, time, and initial concentration of strontium on adsorption was studied. The pH study showed that Sr(II) uptake increases in the pH range of 1-7 and the uptake reduces slightly or remains constant at higher pH values. The adsorption capacity under optimum conditions was obtained at about 140 mg g-1 adsorbent. The kinetic data of Sr(II) sorption by GO-NiHCF were investigated by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The results showed that the kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order rate model. The equilibrium data suggest the data are relatively fitted well to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Therefore, it can be understood that adsorbents’ dispersion on graphene oxide sheets or interlayers is homogenous. The separation factor(RL) value extracted from the Langmuir curve was estimated as 0<RL<1, showing the sorption behavior is favorable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Adsorption
Graphene oxide
Nickel Hexacyanoferrate
Strontium
Adsorbent
Wastewater

مراجع

1. G. Zakrzewska-Trznadel, Advances in membrane technologies for the treatment of liquid radioactive waste, Desalination, 321, 119–130 (2013).

2. Z. Jiao, et al, One-pot synthesis of silicon-based zirconium phosphate for the enhanced adsorption of Sr (II) from the contaminated wastewater, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 318, 111016 (2021).

3. T. Tatarchuk, et al, Adsorption of Sr(II) cations onto phosphated mesoporous titanium dioxide: mechanism, isotherm and kinetics studies, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, (2019).

4. W. Mu, et al, Highly efficient removal of radioactive 90Sr based on sulfonic acid-functionalized α-zirconium phosphate nanosheets, Chem. Eng. J., 361, 538–546 (2019).

5. X. Jin, et al, Removal of nickel and strontium from simulated radioactive wastewater via a pellet coprecipitation-microfiltration process, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 301, 513–521 (2014).

6. X. Luo, et al, Research on a pellet co-precipitation micro-filtration process for the treatment of liquid waste containing strontium, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 298, 931–939 (2013).

7. V.A. Volkovich, T.R. Griffiths, R.C. Thied, Treatment of molten salt wastes by phosphate precipitation: removal of fission product elements after pyrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels in chloride melts, J. Nucl. Mater., 323, 49–56 (2003).

8. C. Xu, J. Wang, J. Chen, Solvent extraction of strontium and cesium: a review of recent progress, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 30, 623–650 (2013).

9. E.O. Otu, et al, The extraction of americium and strontium by P,P′ -Di(2-Ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-diphosphonic acid, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 20, 607–632 (2007).

10. N. Rawat, et al, Evaluation of a supported liquid membrane containing a macrocyclic ionophore for selective removal of strontium from nuclear waste solution, J. Membr. Sci., 275, 82-88 (2006).

11. D.V. Marinin, G.N. Brown, Studies of sorbent/ion-exchange materials for the removal of radioactive strontium from liquid radioactive waste and high hardness groundwaters, Waste Manag., 20, 545-553 (2000).

12. S. Chitra, Optimization of Nb-substitution and Cs⁺/Sr²⁺ ion exchange in crystalline silicotitanates (CST), J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 295, 607-613 (2012).

13. T. Nur, Removal of strontium from aqueous solutions and synthetic seawater using resorcinol formaldehyde polycondensate resin, Desalination, 420, 283–291 (2017).

14. M.M. Hamed, M. Holiel, Y.F. El-Aryan, Removal of selenium and iodine radionuclides from waste solutions using synthetic inorganic ion exchanger, J. Mol. Liq., 242, 722–731 (2017).

15. L. Zhang, et al, Adsorption of cadmium and strontium on cellulose/alginic acid ion-exchange membrane, J. Membr. Sci, 162, 103-109 (1999).

16. M.V.B. Krishna, et al, Removal of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr from actual low level radioactive waste solutions using moss as a phyto-sorbent, Sep Purif Technol, 38, 149–161 (2004).

17. E. Başçetin, G. Atun, Adsorption behavior of strontium on binary mineral mixtures of Montmorillonite and Kaolinite, Appl Radiat Isot, 64, 957–964 (2006).

18. H. Parab, M. Sudersanan, Engineering a lignocellulosicbiosorbent – coir pith for removal of cesium from aqueous solutions: equilibrium and kinetic studies, Water Res, 44, 854–860 (2010).

19. Y. Okamura, Cesium removal in freshwater using potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrateimpregnated fibers, Radiat. Physical Chemical, 94, 119-122 (2014).

20. N. Delijeh, et al, Metal hexacyanoferrate loaded on graphene substrate as a new nanocomposite ion exchanger for sorption of cesium and strontium ions from aqueous solutions, 6^th international congress on nanoscience and nanotechnology, Kharazimi University, Tehran, Iran (2016).

21. D.R. Dreyer, et al., The chemistry of graphene oxide, Chemical Society Reviews, 39(1), 228-240 (2010).

22. D.C. Marcano, et al., Improved synthesis of graphene oxide, ACS Nano, 4(8), 4806-4814 (2010).

23. D.A. Dikin, et al., Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, Nature, 2007, 448(7152), 457-460 (2007).

24. I. Ismail, et al., Preparation, characterization, and utilization of potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate for the separation of cesium and cobalt from contaminated waste water, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 237(1-2), 97-103 (1998).

25. K. Vijayaraghavan, et al, Biosorption of nickel (II) ions onto Sargassum wightii: application of two-parameter and three-parameter isotherm models, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 133(1), 304-308 (2006).

26. T. Yousefi, et al, Anchoring of CoHFC nanoparticles on clinoptilolite for remedy of nuclear wastes, Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection, 32 (1), 25-36 (2017).

27. Y.S. Ho, Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by tree fern, Water Research, 37(10), 2323-2330 (2003).

28. A. Pérez-Marín, et al., Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto orange waste, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 139(1), 122-131 (2007).

29. P.K. Neghlani, M. Rafizadeh, F.A. Taromi, Preparation of aminated-polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membranes for the adsorption of metal ions: Comparison with microfibers, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(1), 182-189 (2011).

30. Y. Li, et al., Removal of copper from aqueous solution by carbon nanotube/calcium alginate composites, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177(1), 876-880 (2010).

31. Y. Nuhoglu, et al., The removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions by Ulothrix zonata, Bioresource Technology, 85(3), 331-333 (2002).

32. M.A. Tofighy, T. Mohammadi, Permanent hard water softening using carbon nanotube sheets, Desalination, 268(1), 208-213 (2011).

33. G.D. Vuković, et al., Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by oxidized and ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(1), 238-248 (2010).

مجله علوم و فنون هسته ای

تهیه کامپوزیت گرافن اکسید- نیکل هگزاسیانو فرات برای حذف مؤثر استرانسیم از پسماندهای آبی: مشخصه‌یابی و کاربرد

مراجع

مراجع

1. G. Zakrzewska-Trznadel, Advances in membrane technologies for the treatment of liquid radioactive waste, Desalination, 321, 119–130 (2013).

2. Z. Jiao, et al, One-pot synthesis of silicon-based zirconium phosphate for the enhanced adsorption of Sr (II) from the contaminated wastewater, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 318, 111016 (2021).

3. T. Tatarchuk, et al, Adsorption of Sr(II) cations onto phosphated mesoporous titanium dioxide: mechanism, isotherm and kinetics studies, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, (2019).

4. W. Mu, et al, Highly efficient removal of radioactive 90Sr based on sulfonic acid-functionalized α-zirconium phosphate nanosheets, Chem. Eng. J., 361, 538–546 (2019).

5. X. Jin, et al, Removal of nickel and strontium from simulated radioactive wastewater via a pellet coprecipitation-microfiltration process, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 301, 513–521 (2014).

6. X. Luo, et al, Research on a pellet co-precipitation micro-filtration process for the treatment of liquid waste containing strontium, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 298, 931–939 (2013).

7. V.A. Volkovich, T.R. Griffiths, R.C. Thied, Treatment of molten salt wastes by phosphate precipitation: removal of fission product elements after pyrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels in chloride melts, J. Nucl. Mater., 323, 49–56 (2003).

8. C. Xu, J. Wang, J. Chen, Solvent extraction of strontium and cesium: a review of recent progress, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 30, 623–650 (2013).

9. E.O. Otu, et al, The extraction of americium and strontium by P,P′ -Di(2-Ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-diphosphonic acid, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 20, 607–632 (2007).

10. N. Rawat, et al, Evaluation of a supported liquid membrane containing a macrocyclic ionophore for selective removal of strontium from nuclear waste solution, J. Membr. Sci., 275, 82-88 (2006).

11. D.V. Marinin, G.N. Brown, Studies of sorbent/ion-exchange materials for the removal of radioactive strontium from liquid radioactive waste and high hardness groundwaters, Waste Manag., 20, 545-553 (2000).

12. S. Chitra, Optimization of Nb-substitution and Cs⁺/Sr²⁺ ion exchange in crystalline silicotitanates (CST), J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 295, 607-613 (2012).

13. T. Nur, Removal of strontium from aqueous solutions and synthetic seawater using resorcinol formaldehyde polycondensate resin, Desalination, 420, 283–291 (2017).

14. M.M. Hamed, M. Holiel, Y.F. El-Aryan, Removal of selenium and iodine radionuclides from waste solutions using synthetic inorganic ion exchanger, J. Mol. Liq., 242, 722–731 (2017).

15. L. Zhang, et al, Adsorption of cadmium and strontium on cellulose/alginic acid ion-exchange membrane, J. Membr. Sci, 162, 103-109 (1999).

16. M.V.B. Krishna, et al, Removal of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr from actual low level radioactive waste solutions using moss as a phyto-sorbent, Sep Purif Technol, 38, 149–161 (2004).

17. E. Başçetin, G. Atun, Adsorption behavior of strontium on binary mineral mixtures of Montmorillonite and Kaolinite, Appl Radiat Isot, 64, 957–964 (2006).

18. H. Parab, M. Sudersanan, Engineering a lignocellulosicbiosorbent – coir pith for removal of cesium from aqueous solutions: equilibrium and kinetic studies, Water Res, 44, 854–860 (2010).

19. Y. Okamura, Cesium removal in freshwater using potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrateimpregnated fibers, Radiat. Physical Chemical, 94, 119-122 (2014).

20. N. Delijeh, et al, Metal hexacyanoferrate loaded on graphene substrate as a new nanocomposite ion exchanger for sorption of cesium and strontium ions from aqueous solutions, 6^th international congress on nanoscience and nanotechnology, Kharazimi University, Tehran, Iran (2016).

21. D.R. Dreyer, et al., The chemistry of graphene oxide, Chemical Society Reviews, 39(1), 228-240 (2010).

22. D.C. Marcano, et al., Improved synthesis of graphene oxide, ACS Nano, 4(8), 4806-4814 (2010).

23. D.A. Dikin, et al., Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, Nature, 2007, 448(7152), 457-460 (2007).

24. I. Ismail, et al., Preparation, characterization, and utilization of potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate for the separation of cesium and cobalt from contaminated waste water, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 237(1-2), 97-103 (1998).

25. K. Vijayaraghavan, et al, Biosorption of nickel (II) ions onto Sargassum wightii: application of two-parameter and three-parameter isotherm models, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 133(1), 304-308 (2006).

26. T. Yousefi, et al, Anchoring of CoHFC nanoparticles on clinoptilolite for remedy of nuclear wastes, Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection, 32 (1), 25-36 (2017).

27. Y.S. Ho, Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by tree fern, Water Research, 37(10), 2323-2330 (2003).

28. A. Pérez-Marín, et al., Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto orange waste, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 139(1), 122-131 (2007).

29. P.K. Neghlani, M. Rafizadeh, F.A. Taromi, Preparation of aminated-polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membranes for the adsorption of metal ions: Comparison with microfibers, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(1), 182-189 (2011).

30. Y. Li, et al., Removal of copper from aqueous solution by carbon nanotube/calcium alginate composites, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177(1), 876-880 (2010).

31. Y. Nuhoglu, et al., The removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions by Ulothrix zonata, Bioresource Technology, 85(3), 331-333 (2002).

32. M.A. Tofighy, T. Mohammadi, Permanent hard water softening using carbon nanotube sheets, Desalination, 268(1), 208-213 (2011).

33. G.D. Vuković, et al., Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by oxidized and ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(1), 238-248 (2010).

دوره 44، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 104
تیر 1402
صفحه 95-105

تهیه کامپوزیت گرافن اکسید- نیکل هگزاسیانو فرات برای حذف مؤثر استرانسیم از پسماندهای آبی: مشخصه‌یابی و کاربرد

مراجع

مراجع

1. G. Zakrzewska-Trznadel, Advances in membrane technologies for the treatment of liquid radioactive waste, Desalination, 321, 119–130 (2013).

2. Z. Jiao, et al, One-pot synthesis of silicon-based zirconium phosphate for the enhanced adsorption of Sr (II) from the contaminated wastewater, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 318, 111016 (2021).

3. T. Tatarchuk, et al, Adsorption of Sr(II) cations onto phosphated mesoporous titanium dioxide: mechanism, isotherm and kinetics studies, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, (2019).

4. W. Mu, et al, Highly efficient removal of radioactive 90Sr based on sulfonic acid-functionalized α-zirconium phosphate nanosheets, Chem. Eng. J., 361, 538–546 (2019).

5. X. Jin, et al, Removal of nickel and strontium from simulated radioactive wastewater via a pellet coprecipitation-microfiltration process, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 301, 513–521 (2014).

6. X. Luo, et al, Research on a pellet co-precipitation micro-filtration process for the treatment of liquid waste containing strontium, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 298, 931–939 (2013).

7. V.A. Volkovich, T.R. Griffiths, R.C. Thied, Treatment of molten salt wastes by phosphate precipitation: removal of fission product elements after pyrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels in chloride melts, J. Nucl. Mater., 323, 49–56 (2003).

8. C. Xu, J. Wang, J. Chen, Solvent extraction of strontium and cesium: a review of recent progress, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 30, 623–650 (2013).

9. E.O. Otu, et al, The extraction of americium and strontium by P,P′ -Di(2-Ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-diphosphonic acid, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 20, 607–632 (2007).

10. N. Rawat, et al, Evaluation of a supported liquid membrane containing a macrocyclic ionophore for selective removal of strontium from nuclear waste solution, J. Membr. Sci., 275, 82-88 (2006).

11. D.V. Marinin, G.N. Brown, Studies of sorbent/ion-exchange materials for the removal of radioactive strontium from liquid radioactive waste and high hardness groundwaters, Waste Manag., 20, 545-553 (2000).

12. S. Chitra, Optimization of Nb-substitution and Cs+/Sr2+ ion exchange in crystalline silicotitanates (CST), J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 295, 607-613 (2012).

13. T. Nur, Removal of strontium from aqueous solutions and synthetic seawater using resorcinol formaldehyde polycondensate resin, Desalination, 420, 283–291 (2017).

14. M.M. Hamed, M. Holiel, Y.F. El-Aryan, Removal of selenium and iodine radionuclides from waste solutions using synthetic inorganic ion exchanger, J. Mol. Liq., 242, 722–731 (2017).

15. L. Zhang, et al, Adsorption of cadmium and strontium on cellulose/alginic acid ion-exchange membrane, J. Membr. Sci, 162, 103-109 (1999).

16. M.V.B. Krishna, et al, Removal of 137Cs and 90Sr from actual low level radioactive waste solutions using moss as a phyto-sorbent, Sep Purif Technol, 38, 149–161 (2004).

17. E. Başçetin, G. Atun, Adsorption behavior of strontium on binary mineral mixtures of Montmorillonite and Kaolinite, Appl Radiat Isot, 64, 957–964 (2006).

18. H. Parab, M. Sudersanan, Engineering a lignocellulosicbiosorbent – coir pith for removal of cesium from aqueous solutions: equilibrium and kinetic studies, Water Res, 44, 854–860 (2010).

19. Y. Okamura, Cesium removal in freshwater using potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrateimpregnated fibers, Radiat. Physical Chemical, 94, 119-122 (2014).

20. N. Delijeh, et al, Metal hexacyanoferrate loaded on graphene substrate as a new nanocomposite ion exchanger for sorption of cesium and strontium ions from aqueous solutions, 6th international congress on nanoscience and nanotechnology, Kharazimi University, Tehran, Iran (2016).

21. D.R. Dreyer, et al., The chemistry of graphene oxide, Chemical Society Reviews, 39(1), 228-240 (2010).

22. D.C. Marcano, et al., Improved synthesis of graphene oxide, ACS Nano, 4(8), 4806-4814 (2010).

23. D.A. Dikin, et al., Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, Nature, 2007, 448(7152), 457-460 (2007).

24. I. Ismail, et al., Preparation, characterization, and utilization of potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate for the separation of cesium and cobalt from contaminated waste water, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 237(1-2), 97-103 (1998).

25. K. Vijayaraghavan, et al, Biosorption of nickel (II) ions onto Sargassum wightii: application of two-parameter and three-parameter isotherm models, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 133(1), 304-308 (2006).

26. T. Yousefi, et al, Anchoring of CoHFC nanoparticles on clinoptilolite for remedy of nuclear wastes, Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection, 32 (1), 25-36 (2017).

27. Y.S. Ho, Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by tree fern, Water Research, 37(10), 2323-2330 (2003).

28. A. Pérez-Marín, et al., Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto orange waste, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 139(1), 122-131 (2007).

29. P.K. Neghlani, M. Rafizadeh, F.A. Taromi, Preparation of aminated-polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membranes for the adsorption of metal ions: Comparison with microfibers, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(1), 182-189 (2011).

30. Y. Li, et al., Removal of copper from aqueous solution by carbon nanotube/calcium alginate composites, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177(1), 876-880 (2010).

31. Y. Nuhoglu, et al., The removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions by Ulothrix zonata, Bioresource Technology, 85(3), 331-333 (2002).

32. M.A. Tofighy, T. Mohammadi, Permanent hard water softening using carbon nanotube sheets, Desalination, 268(1), 208-213 (2011).

33. G.D. Vuković, et al., Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by oxidized and ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(1), 238-248 (2010).

دوره 44، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 104تیر 1402صفحه 95-105

12. S. Chitra, Optimization of Nb-substitution and Cs⁺/Sr²⁺ ion exchange in crystalline silicotitanates (CST), J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 295, 607-613 (2012).

16. M.V.B. Krishna, et al, Removal of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr from actual low level radioactive waste solutions using moss as a phyto-sorbent, Sep Purif Technol, 38, 149–161 (2004).

20. N. Delijeh, et al, Metal hexacyanoferrate loaded on graphene substrate as a new nanocomposite ion exchanger for sorption of cesium and strontium ions from aqueous solutions, 6^th international congress on nanoscience and nanotechnology, Kharazimi University, Tehran, Iran (2016).

دوره 44، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 104
تیر 1402
صفحه 95-105