مجله علوم، مهندسی و فناوری هسته‌ای

بررسی تأثیر کاربرد بیوچار و کاه گندم بر بهره‌وری کود نیتروژن در زراعت جو با استفاده از فن‌آوری ایزوتوپی N15

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

حسین عباسعلیان 1، 2
جابر سلطانی 3
سید ابراهیم هاشمی گرم‌دره 3
اعظم برزویی 2
مریم احمدوند 3

1 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکدگان ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، کدپستی: 3391653755، تهران- ایران

2 پژوهشکده‌ی کشاورزی هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 1498-31465، کرج - ایران

3 گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، کدپستی: 3391653755، تهران- ایران

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2022.1349
چکیده
امروزه مشکلاتی چون تغییرات آب و هوایی کره زمین و پیامدهای آن از جمله وقوع سیلاب­‌ها، خشکسالی­‌ها، ذوب یخچال‌­ها و بالا رفتن سطح آب اقیانوس‌­ها به صورت یک چالش جهانی مطرح هستند و باید به سرعت در جهت مهار این مشکلات اقدام شود. در بسیاری از منابع به جنبه­‌های مثبت کاربرد مواد آلی مثل بیوچار به عنوان نگه‌­دارنده رطوبت خاک و عناصر غذایی گیاه، کاهنده آب‌­شویی نیترات و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌­ای اشاره شده است. بیوچار، ترکیب غنی از کربنی است که در اثر پیرولیز مواد آلی طبیعی تولید می‌­شود. در تحقیق حاضر مقادیر صفر درصد بیوچار (1B)، 5/2 درصد بیوچار (2B)، 5 درصد بیوچار (3B) و 5/7 درصد بیوچار (4B)، هم­‌چنین 5/2 درصد کاه گندم (1W) و 5 درصد کاه (2W) به خاک با بافت لوم رسی (1S) و نیز خاک لوم شنی (2S) افزوده ­شدند. این آزمایش گلدانی بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه و به روش ردیابی ایزوتوپ N15 انجام شد. در اثر کاربرد بیوچار، زیست توده گیاه و در نتیجه، میزان بازیافت کود نیتروژن افزایش یافت. این افزایش به خصوص در تیمار 4B1S بسیار معنی­‌دار بود (01/0P < ) و تا 35 درصد رسید. کاه باعث شد بهره‌­وری کود نیتروژن در تیمارهای 2W1S و  2W2S به ترتیب 94 درصد و 87 درصد کاهش یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیوچار
گازهای گلخانه‌ای
بهره‌وری کود نیتروژن
ردیابی ایزوتوپی

عنوان مقاله English

A study on the effect of biochar and wheat straw application on nitrogen fertilizer utilization in barley using 15N isotope technology

نویسندگان English

H. Abbasalian 1 2
J. Soltani 3
S.E. Hashemi 3
A. Borzouei 2
M. Ahmadvand 3
1 Department of Water Engineering, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Postal code: 3391653755, Tehran-Iran
3 Water Engineering Department, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Postal code: 3391653755, Tehran-Iran
چکیده English

Today, problems such as global climate change and its consequences such as floods, droughts, melting glaciers, ocean water level rise are considered globally, and actions should be taken immediately to contain these problems. Many sources pointed to the positive aspects of using organic matter such as biochar to retain soil moisture and plant nutrients, reducing nitrate leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar is a carbon-rich compound produced by pyrolysis of natural organic matter. In the present study, 0% biochar (B1), 2.5% biochar (B2), 5% biochar (B3), and 7.5% biochar (B4), 2.5% wheat straw (W1), and 5% straw (W2) were added to soil with clay loam texture (S1) and sandy loam soil (S2). This pot experiment was implemented based on a completely randomized design in three replications in the greenhouse using 15N Isotope tracing method. Due to biochar application, Crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased. This increase was particularly significant in S1B4 treatment (P < 0.01) and reached up to 35%. Straw reduced nitrogen fertilizer utilization in S1W2 and S2W2 treatments by 94% and 87%, respectively

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Biochar
Greenhouse gas
Nitrogen fertilizer utilization
Isotope tracing
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