نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، صندوق پستی: 77871-31587، کرج - ایران
2 پژوهشکدهی کشاورزی هستهای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هستهای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 1498-31485، کرج- ایران
چکیده
استفاده از فنآوریهای هستهای در انتخاب و اجرای عملیات زراعی مطلوب و همچنین ارایه راهبردهای مدیریتی مناسب در حفاظت از منابع خاک و آب و دستیابی به اهداف توسعه پایدار میتواند مفید باشد. هدف این تحقیق بررسی اثرات استفاده از بقایای گیاهی گندم و ذرت در پنج مقدار شامل صفر، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد بر تغییرات ماده آلی ذرهای خاک در اعماق 10-0 و 20-10 سانتیمتر تحت سامانههای خاکورزی مرسوم و بیخاکورزی، و تعیین منشأ آن بود. به این منظور، از روش فراوانی طبیعی کربن-13 استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد در سامانه خاکورزی مرسوم با افزایش بقایا، فراوانی طبیعی کربن-13 ماده آلی ذرهای در دو عمق 10-0 و 20-10 سانتیمتر نسبت به تیمار حذف بقایا افزایش یافت. در سامانه بیخاکورزی افزایش بقایا منجر به افزایش فراوانی طبیعی کربن-13 در عمق 10-0 سانتیمتر گردید و در عمق 20-10 سانتیمتر اختلاف معنیداری بین تیمارهای نگهداشت و حذف بقایا مشاهده نشد. مقایسه مقادیر فراوانی ایزوتوپ کربن-13 نمونههای خاک و بقایای گیاهی نشان داد که منشأ اصلی ماده آلی ذرهای خاک از بقایای گندم میباشد که این نکته در مدیریت بقایای گیاهی بسیار حایز اهمیت است و بیانگر این است که نگهداشت بقایای گندم نسبت به ذرت اثر بارزتری در بهبود وضعیت ماده آلی خاک دارد.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of soil organic matter dynamics under crop residue management using carbon-13 isotope
نویسندگان [English]
- M. Mirzaei 1
- M. Gorji Anari 1
- E. Moghiseh 2
- H. Asadi 1
1 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O.BOX: 31587-77871, Karaj - Iran
2 Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 31485-1498, Karaj - Iran
چکیده [English]
The use of nuclear techniques can be helpful in the selection and implementation of optimal agronomic practices as well as the provision of appropriate management strategies in soil and water conservation, achieving sustainable development goals. In this study, we investigated the effects of applying wheat and maize crop residue at five rates, including 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 %, on the dynamics of soil particulate organic matter (POM) and its origin at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm under conventional tillage and no-tillage systems were aimed. For this purpose, the natural abundance of carbon-13 (δ13C) technique was used. The results showed that increasing residue rates in the conventional tillage system increased the amount of δ13C at two soil depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. In the no-tillage system, increasing residue rates led to an increase of δ13C only for the depth of 0-10 cm, and no significant differences were observed among residue treatments at a depth of 10-20 cm. In addition, the comparison of δ13C values of soil and plant residues of wheat and corn confirmed that the main source of soil particulate organic matter originated from the wheat residue, indicating the more substantial effect of wheat residues on improving soil organic matter than maize.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Carbon sequestration
- Sustainable production
- Conservation tillage
- Nuclear technique
- Soil management
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