مجله علوم، مهندسی و فناوری هسته‌ای

ارزیابی پویایی ماده آلی خاک تحت مدیریت بقایای گیاهی با استفاده از ایزوتوپ کربن-13

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مراد میرزایی 1
منوچهر گرجی 1
ابراهیم مقیسه 2
حسین اسدی 1

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، صندوق پستی: 77871-31587، کرج - ایران

2 پژوهشکده‌ی کشاورزی هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی، صندوق پستی: 1498-31485، کرج- ایران

https://doi.org/10.24200/nst.2022.1477
چکیده
استفاده از فن‌­آوری‌­های هسته‌­ای در انتخاب و اجرای عملیات زراعی مطلوب و هم‌­چنین ارایه راهبرد­های مدیریتی مناسب در حفاظت از منابع خاک و آب و دست‌یابی به اهداف توسعه پایدار می‌­تواند مفید باشد. هدف این تحقیق بررسی اثرات استفاده از بقایای گیاهی گندم و ذرت در پنج مقدار شامل صفر، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد بر تغییرات ماده آلی ذره­ای خاک در اعماق 10-0 و 20-10 سانتی­‌متر تحت سامانه­‌های خاک­‌ورزی مرسوم و بی‌­خاک‌­ورزی، و تعیین منشأ آن بود. به این منظور، از روش فراوانی طبیعی کربن-13 استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد در سامانه خاک‌­ورزی مرسوم با افزایش بقایا، فراوانی طبیعی کربن-13 ماده آلی ذره­ای در دو عمق 10-0 و 20-10 سانتی­‌متر نسبت به تیمار حذف بقایا افزایش یافت. در سامانه بی‌­خاک‌­ورزی افزایش بقایا منجر به افزایش فراوانی طبیعی کربن-13 در عمق 10-0 سانتی­‌متر گردید و در عمق 20-10 سانتی‌­متر اختلاف معنی‌­داری بین تیمارهای نگه‌­داشت و حذف بقایا مشاهده نشد. مقایسه مقادیر فراوانی ایزوتوپ کربن-13 نمونه‌­های خاک و بقایای گیاهی نشان داد که منشأ اصلی ماده آلی ذره­ای خاک از بقایای گندم می­‌باشد که این نکته در مدیریت بقایای گیاهی بسیار حایز اهمیت است و بیانگر این است که نگه‌­داشت بقایای گندم نسبت به ذرت اثر بارزتری در بهبود وضعیت ماده آلی خاک دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ترسیب کربن
تولید پایدار
خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی
فن‌آوری هسته‌ای
مدیریت خاک

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of soil organic matter dynamics under crop residue management using carbon-13 isotope

نویسندگان English

M. Mirzaei 1
M. Gorji Anari 1
E. Moghiseh 2
H. Asadi 1
1 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O.BOX: 31587-77871, Karaj - Iran
2 Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 31485-1498, Karaj - Iran
چکیده English

The use of nuclear techniques can be helpful in the selection and implementation of optimal agronomic practices as well as the provision of appropriate management strategies in soil and water conservation, achieving sustainable development goals. In this study, we investigated the effects of applying wheat and maize crop residue at five rates, including 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 %, on the dynamics of soil particulate organic matter (POM) and its origin at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm under conventional tillage and no-tillage systems were aimed. For this purpose, the natural abundance of carbon-13 (δ13C) technique was used. The results showed that increasing residue rates in the conventional tillage system increased the amount of δ13C at two soil depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. In the no-tillage system, increasing residue rates led to an increase of δ13C only for the depth of 0-10 cm, and no significant differences were observed among residue treatments at a depth of 10-20 cm. In addition, the comparison of δ13C values ​​of soil and plant residues of wheat and corn confirmed that the main source of soil particulate organic matter originated from the wheat residue, indicating the more substantial effect of wheat residues on improving soil organic matter than maize.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Carbon sequestration
Sustainable production
Conservation tillage
Nuclear technique
Soil management
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