نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
پژوهشکده چرخه سوخت هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، صندوق پستی: 8486-11365، تهران- ایران
چکیده
در این مطالعه، جداسازی ناخالصی‌های کیک زرد با روش استخراج حلالی با استفاده از آلیکات 336 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اثرات زمان تماس، نوع استخراج‌کننده، غلظت استخراج‌کننده، نوع بافر و pH آن و نوع رقیق‌کننده بر میزان استخراج ناخالصی‌ها از فاز آبی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. آزمایش‌های جداسازی ناخالصی‌ها با استخراج حلالی از محلول شبیه‌سازی شده صورت گرفت. زمان بهینه برای تماس دو فاز جهت دست‌یابی به بیش‌ترین مقدار استخراج ناخالصی‌ها نسبت به اورانیم 6 دقیقه به‌دست آمد. استخراج‌کننده آلیکات 336، نسبت به ان-بنزوئیل-ان-فنیل هیدروکسیل آمین) BPHA (و ان، ان-دیمتوکسی فنیل فرمامیدین) DMF (عملکرد بهتری برای جداسازی ناخالصی‌ها داشت. غلظت بهینه برای استخراج‌کننده مقدار 4/0 مولار به‌دست آمد و کلروفرم بهترین عملکرد را در بین رقیق‌کننده‌ها داشت. استفاده از بافر استیک اسید- سدیم استات با pH برابر 6/3 موجب بیش‌ترین حذف ناخالصی گردید. هم‌چنین نمودار مککیب تیل نشان داد برای حذف ناخالصی مولیبدن از نمونه کیک زرد به دو مرحلۀ استخراج نیاز است. بنابراین می‌توان گفت در شرایط بهینه پارامترهای فرایندی و با دو مرحله استخراج، 94% اورانیم در فاز آبی باقی ماند و میزان ناخالصی‌ها به زیر حد مجاز کاهش یافت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Separation of impurities from yellow cake by solvent extraction method with Aliquat 336 as extractant
نویسندگان [English]
- F. Khanramaki
- F. Zahakifar
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 11365-8486, Tehran - Iran
چکیده [English]
In this study, the separation of yellow cake impurities was investigated by solvent extraction (SX) method using Aliquat 336. The effects of contact time, type and concentration of extractant, type and pH of buffer and diluent type on the extraction rate of impurities from the aqueous phase were studied. Impurity separation experiments were done by solvent extraction method from the simulated solution. The optimal time for the contact of two phases to achieve the maximum amount of extraction of impurities compared to uranium was found to be 6 minutes. Aliquot 336 extractant had a better performance for the separation of impurities than N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxyl amine (BPHA) and N, N-dimethoxy phenyl formamidine (DMF). The optimal concentration for the extractant was 0.4 M and chloroform had the best performance among the diluents. The use of acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer with a pH of 3.6 led to the greatest removal of impurities. Also, the McCabe Thiele diagram showed that two extraction steps are needed to remove molybdenum impurity from the yellow cake sample. Therefore, it can be said that in the optimal conditions of the process parameters and with two stages of extraction, 94% of uranium remained in the aqueous phase and the amount of impurities was reduced below the permissible limit
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Separation
- Yellow cake
- Solvent extraction
- Aliquat 336
- Mechanism
- Weiss N. Mineral Processing Handbook. American Institute of Mining Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineering Inc. Kings Port Press. USA 1985.
- IAEA, Uranium extraction technology. Technical Reports Series. 1993;359.
- Yousif E.H. Extraction and purification of yellow cake. 2006.
- Radhika S, Kumar B.N, Kantam M.L, Reddy B.R. Liquid–liquid extraction and separation possibilities of heavy and light rare-earths from phosphoric acid solutions with acidic organophosphorus reagents. Separation and Purification Technology. 2010;75(3):295-302.
- Xie F, Zhang T.A, Dreisinger D, Doyle F. A critical review on solvent extraction of rare earths from aqueous solutions. Minerals Engineering. 2014;56:10-28.
- Havlík T. Hydrometallurgy: Principles and applications. Elsevier. 2014.
- Habashi F. A short history of hydrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy. 2005;79(1-2):15-22.
- Singh H, Gupta C. Solvent extraction in production and processing of uranium and thorium. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metullargy Review. 2000;21(1-5):307-349.
- Mishra R.K, Rout P.C, Sarangi K, Nathsarma K.C. A comparative study on extraction of Fe (III) from chloride leach liquor using TBP, Cyanex 921 and Cyanex 923. Hydrometallurgy. 2010;104(2):298-303.
- Kumar J.R, Kim J.S, Lee J.Y, Yoon H.S. A brief review on solvent extraction of uranium from acidic solutions. Separation & Purification Reviews. 2011;40(2):77-125.
- Kim C.J, Kumar J.R, Kim J.S, Lee J.Y, Yoon H.S. Solvent extraction studies on uranium using amine based extractants and recovery from low grade ore leach liquors. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 2012;23:1254-1264.
- Kumar J, Kim J.S, Lee J.Y, Yoon H.S. Solvent extraction of uranium (VI) and separation of vanadium (V) from sulfate solutions using Alamine 336. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2010;285(2):301-308.
- Zahakifar F, Charkhi A, Torab-Mostaedi M, Davarkhah R. Performance evaluation of hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane for extraction of uranium (VI) from acidic sulfate solution. Radiochimica Acta. 2018;106(3):181-189.
- El Sayed M.S. Uranium extraction from gattar sulfate leach liquor using aliquat-336 in a liquid emulsion membrane process. Hydrometallurgy. 2003;68(1-3):51-56.
- Horton C.A, White J. Separation of uranium by solvent extraction with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide. Direct colorimetric determination with dibenzoylmethane. Analytical Chemistry. 1958;30(11):1779-1784.
- Maeck W.J, Booman G.L, Elliott M.C, Rein J.E. Separation of Uranium from Diverse Ions. Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Liquid-Liquid Extraction System. Analytical Chemistry. 1958;30(12):1902-1907.
- Karve M.A, Khopkar S.M. Liquid—liquid extraction of niobium (V) in the presence of other metals with high molecular mass amines and ascorbic acid. Talanta. 1993;40(6):913-917.
- Senol A. Liquid-liquid extraction of uranium (VI) from aqueous acidic solutions using Alamine, TBP and CYANEX systems. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2003;258:361-372.
- Sato T. The back-extraction of uranyl nitrate from tributyl phosphate solution. J. Inorg. & Nuclear Chem. 1958;7.
- Aguilar M, Cortina J.L. Solvent extraction and liquid membranes: fundamentals and applications in new materials. CRC Press. 2008.
- Nguyen T.T.N, Lee M.S. Application of the data on dielectric constant and viscosity of binary mixtures to the selection of synergistic solvent extraction-binary mixtures of Cyanex and tertiary amine (TEHA). Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2019;289:111112.
- Milani S, Zahakifar F. Stoichiometry and thermodynamics of cerium (IV) solvent extraction from sulfuric acid solutions by CYANEX 301. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2022;39(2):553-560.
- Lurie J. Handbook of analytical chemistry. Mir Publication. 1978.
- Wu M, Dong P, Wu C, Zhang Z, Chi R, Xu Z. Separation of Hf (IV) from Zr (IV) in thiocyanate medium with ionic liquid Aliquat 336. Hydrometallurgy. 2022;213:105947.
- Zhang X, Zhou K, Lei Q, Xing Y, Peng C, Chen W. Stripping of Fe (III) from Aliquat 336 by NaH2PO4: implication for rare-earth elements recovery from red mud. Separation Science and Technology. 2021;56(2):301-309.
- Shakibania S, Mahmoudi A, Mokmeli M. Separation of vanadium and iron from the steelmaking slag convertor using Aliquat 336 and D2EHPA: Effect of the aqueous species and the extractant type. Minerals Engineering. 2022;181:107521.
- Sladkov V. Uranyl complexation with acetate studied by means of affinity capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography A. 2013;1289:133-138.
- Rane M.V, Sadanandam R, Bhattacharya K, Tangri S.K, Suri A.K. Use of mixed-metals isotherm and log–log McCabe Thiele's diagram in solvent extraction—A case study. Hydrometallurgy. 2006;81(1):1-8.
- Parhi P.K, Park K.H, Kim H.I, Park J.T. Recovery of molybdenum from the sea nodule leach liquor by solvent extraction using Alamine 304-I. Hydrometallurgy. 2011;105(3-4):195-200.
- Mohanty R.N, Singh S, Chakravortty V, Dash K.C. Liquid-liquid extraction of molybdenum(VI) and uranium(VI) by LIX 622. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 1991;152:21-29.
)